Move Tuscany from Incubator to top level.

git-svn-id: http://svn.us.apache.org/repos/asf/tuscany@668359 13f79535-47bb-0310-9956-ffa450edef68

115 files changed, 13641 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/DISCLAIMER b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/DISCLAIMER
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d68a410903
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/DISCLAIMER
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Apache Tuscany is an effort undergoing incubation at The Apache Software

+Foundation (ASF), sponsored by the Apache Web Services PMC. Incubation is

+required of all newly accepted projects until a further review indicates that

+the infrastructure, communications, and decision making process have stabilized

+in a manner consistent with other successful ASF projects. While incubation

+status is not necessarily a reflection of the completeness or stability of the

+code, it does indicate that the project has yet to be fully endorsed by the ASF.

+

diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/LICENSE b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8aa906c321
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
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+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
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+      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
+      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
+      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
+      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
+      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
+      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
+      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
+      to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
+      submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
+      or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
+      the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
+      means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
+      to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
+      communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
+      and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
+      Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
+      excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
+      designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
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+      "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
+      on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
+      subsequently incorporated within the Work.
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+   2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
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+      Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
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+   3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
+      use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
+      where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
+      by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
+      Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
+      with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
+      institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
+      cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
+      or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
+      or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
+      granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
+      as of the date such litigation is filed.
+
+   4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
+      Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
+      modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
+      meet the following conditions:
+
+      (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
+          Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
+
+      (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
+          stating that You changed the files; and
+
+      (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
+          that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
+          attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
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+      (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
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+          within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
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+          of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
+          do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
+          notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
+          or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
+          that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
+          as modifying the License.
+
+      You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
+      may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
+      for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
+      for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
+      reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
+      the conditions stated in this License.
+
+   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+      names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+      except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
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+
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/NOTICE b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/NOTICE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fdfa0e9faa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/NOTICE
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+${pom.name}
+Copyright (c) 2005 - 2008 The Apache Software Foundation
+
+This product includes software developed by
+The Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/).
+
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/pom.xml b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..61e7bb26ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+    * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+    * distributed with this work for additional information
+    * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+    * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+    * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+    * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+    * 
+    *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+    * 
+    * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+    * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+    * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+    * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+    * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+    * under the License.    
+-->
+<project>
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>org.apache.tuscany.sca</groupId>
+        <artifactId>tuscany-modules</artifactId>
+        <version>2.0-incubating-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
+    </parent>
+    <artifactId>tuscany-core</artifactId>
+    <name>Apache Tuscany SCA Core Runtime</name>
+
+    <dependencies>
+    	<dependency>
+            <groupId>org.apache.tuscany.sca</groupId>
+            <artifactId>tuscany-extensibility</artifactId>
+            <version>2.0-incubating-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        </dependency>
+        
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.apache.tuscany.sca</groupId>
+            <artifactId>tuscany-core-spi</artifactId>
+            <version>2.0-incubating-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        </dependency>
+        
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.apache.tuscany.sca</groupId>
+            <artifactId>tuscany-contribution</artifactId>
+            <version>2.0-incubating-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        </dependency>
+
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.apache.tuscany.sca</groupId>
+            <artifactId>tuscany-contribution-java</artifactId>
+            <version>2.0-incubating-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        </dependency>
+
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.apache.tuscany.sca</groupId>
+            <artifactId>tuscany-interface-java</artifactId>
+            <version>2.0-incubating-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        </dependency>
+        
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.apache.geronimo.specs</groupId>
+            <artifactId>geronimo-commonj_1.1_spec</artifactId>
+            <version>1.0</version>
+        </dependency>
+
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.codehaus.woodstox</groupId>
+            <artifactId>wstx-asl</artifactId>
+            <version>3.2.1</version>
+            <scope>runtime</scope>
+        </dependency>
+
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>cglib</groupId>
+            <artifactId>cglib-nodep</artifactId>
+            <version>2.1_3</version>
+        </dependency>        
+    </dependencies>
+
+
+    <build>
+        <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.apache.felix</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-bundle-plugin</artifactId>
+
+                <configuration>
+                    <instructions>
+                        <Bundle-Version>${tuscany.version}</Bundle-Version>
+                        <Bundle-SymbolicName>org.apache.tuscany.sca.core</Bundle-SymbolicName>
+                        <Bundle-Description>${pom.name}</Bundle-Description>
+                        <Export-Package>org.apache.tuscany.sca.core*</Export-Package>
+                    </instructions>
+                </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+    </build>
+
+</project>
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/ActivationException.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/ActivationException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c86c876075
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/ActivationException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly;
+
+
+/**
+ * Denotes an error starting the runtime
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class ActivationException extends Exception {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 8612661660934426123L;
+
+    public ActivationException(String message) {
+        super(message);
+    }
+
+    public ActivationException(Throwable cause) {
+        super(cause);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/CompositeActivator.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/CompositeActivator.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..29dcc20f0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/CompositeActivator.java
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Component;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Composite;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.context.ComponentContextHelper;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ConversationManager;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.ProxyFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.java.JavaInterfaceFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponentReference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponentService;
+
+/**
+ * Start/stop a composite
+ * 
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public interface CompositeActivator {
+    /**
+     * Activate a composite
+     * @param composite
+     */
+    void activate(Composite composite) throws ActivationException;
+
+    /**
+     * Activate a component reference
+     * @param component
+     * @param ref
+     */
+    void start(RuntimeComponent component, RuntimeComponentReference ref);
+    
+    /**
+     * Activate a component reference
+     * @param component
+     * @param ref
+     */
+    void activate(RuntimeComponent component, RuntimeComponentReference ref);
+
+    /**
+     * Activate a component reference
+     * @param component
+     * @param ref
+     */
+    void activate(RuntimeComponent component, RuntimeComponentService service);
+
+    /**
+     * De-activate a component reference
+     * @param component
+     * @param ref
+     */
+    void deactivate(RuntimeComponent component, RuntimeComponentReference ref);
+
+    /**
+     * De-activate a component reference
+     * @param component
+     * @param ref
+     */
+    void deactivate(RuntimeComponent component, RuntimeComponentService service);
+
+    /**
+     * Stop a composite
+     * @param composite
+     */
+    void deactivate(Composite composite) throws ActivationException;
+
+    /**
+     * Start a component
+     * @param component
+     */
+    void start(Component component) throws ActivationException;
+
+    /**
+     * Stop a component
+     * @param component
+     */
+    void stop(Component component) throws ActivationException;
+
+    /**
+     * Start components in a composite
+     * @param composite
+     */
+    void start(Composite composite) throws ActivationException;
+
+    /**
+     * Stop components in a composite
+     * @param composite
+     */
+    void stop(Composite composite) throws ActivationException;
+
+    /**
+     * Get the component context helper
+     * @return
+     */
+    ComponentContextHelper getComponentContextHelper();
+
+    /**
+     * Get the proxy factory
+     * @return
+     */
+    ProxyFactory getProxyFactory();
+
+    /**
+     * Get the java interface factory
+     * @return
+     */
+    JavaInterfaceFactory getJavaInterfaceFactory();
+    
+    ConversationManager getConversationManager();
+
+    /**
+     * Configure the runtime component with component context
+     * @param component
+     */
+    void configureComponentContext(RuntimeComponent component);
+
+    /**
+     * Resolve a component by URI in the domain
+     * @param componentURI
+     * @return
+     */
+    Component resolve(String componentURI);
+
+    /**
+     * Set the domain composite
+     * @param domainComposite
+     */
+    void setDomainComposite(Composite domainComposite);
+
+    /**
+     * Get the domain composite
+     * @return
+     */
+    Composite getDomainComposite();
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/CompositeActivatorImpl.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/CompositeActivatorImpl.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d205cbf823
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/CompositeActivatorImpl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1089 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly;
+
+import java.security.AccessController;
+import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.AssemblyFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Binding;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Component;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.ComponentReference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.ComponentService;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Composite;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.CompositeService;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Endpoint;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Implementation;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.OptimizableBinding;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Reference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.SCABindingFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Service;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.context.RequestContextFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.contribution.processor.StAXArtifactProcessorExtensionPoint;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.context.ComponentContextHelper;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.context.ComponentContextImpl;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ConversationManager;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.ProxyFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope.ConversationalScopeContainer;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope.Scope;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope.ScopeContainer;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope.ScopeRegistry;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope.ScopedRuntimeComponent;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.endpointresolver.EndpointResolver;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.endpointresolver.EndpointResolverFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.endpointresolver.EndpointResolverFactoryExtensionPoint;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.InterfaceContract;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.InterfaceContractMapper;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.java.JavaInterfaceFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.MessageFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.provider.BindingProviderFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.provider.ImplementationProvider;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.provider.ImplementationProviderFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.provider.PolicyProvider;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.provider.PolicyProviderFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.provider.ProviderFactoryExtensionPoint;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.provider.ReferenceBindingProvider;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.provider.ServiceBindingProvider;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.EndpointReference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponentContext;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponentReference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponentService;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeWire;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeWireProcessor;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.work.WorkScheduler;
+
+/**
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class CompositeActivatorImpl implements CompositeActivator {
+    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(CompositeActivatorImpl.class.getName());
+
+    private final AssemblyFactory assemblyFactory;
+    private final MessageFactory messageFactory;
+    private final InterfaceContractMapper interfaceContractMapper;
+    private final ScopeRegistry scopeRegistry;
+    private final WorkScheduler workScheduler;
+    private final RuntimeWireProcessor wireProcessor;
+    private final ProviderFactoryExtensionPoint providerFactories;
+    private final EndpointResolverFactoryExtensionPoint endpointResolverFactories;
+
+    private final RequestContextFactory requestContextFactory;
+    private final ProxyFactory proxyFactory;
+    private final JavaInterfaceFactory javaInterfaceFactory;
+    private final ConversationManager conversationManager;
+
+    private final ComponentContextHelper componentContextHelper;
+
+    private Composite domainComposite;
+
+    /**
+     * @param assemblyFactory
+     * @param interfaceContractMapper
+     * @param workScheduler
+     * @param conversationManager TODO
+     * @param workContext
+     * @param wirePostProcessorRegistry
+     */
+    public CompositeActivatorImpl(AssemblyFactory assemblyFactory,
+                                  MessageFactory messageFactory,
+                                  JavaInterfaceFactory javaInterfaceFactory,
+                                  SCABindingFactory scaBindingFactory,
+                                  InterfaceContractMapper interfaceContractMapper,
+                                  ScopeRegistry scopeRegistry,
+                                  WorkScheduler workScheduler,
+                                  RuntimeWireProcessor wireProcessor,
+                                  RequestContextFactory requestContextFactory,
+                                  ProxyFactory proxyFactory,
+                                  ProviderFactoryExtensionPoint providerFactories,
+                                  EndpointResolverFactoryExtensionPoint endpointResolverFactories,
+                                  StAXArtifactProcessorExtensionPoint processors,
+                                  ConversationManager conversationManager) {
+        this.assemblyFactory = assemblyFactory;
+        this.messageFactory = messageFactory;
+        this.interfaceContractMapper = interfaceContractMapper;
+        this.scopeRegistry = scopeRegistry;
+        this.workScheduler = workScheduler;
+        this.wireProcessor = wireProcessor;
+        this.providerFactories = providerFactories;
+        this.endpointResolverFactories = endpointResolverFactories;
+        this.javaInterfaceFactory = javaInterfaceFactory;
+        this.requestContextFactory = requestContextFactory;
+        this.proxyFactory = proxyFactory;
+        this.conversationManager = conversationManager;
+        this.componentContextHelper = new ComponentContextHelper(assemblyFactory, javaInterfaceFactory, processors);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly.CompositeActivator#activate(org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent, org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponentReference)
+     */
+    public void activate(RuntimeComponent component, RuntimeComponentReference ref) {
+        if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+            logger.fine("Activating component reference: " + component.getURI() + "#" + ref.getName());
+        }
+        resolveTargets(ref);
+        for (Binding binding : ref.getBindings()) {
+            addReferenceBindingProvider(component, ref, binding);
+        }
+        
+        for (Endpoint endpoint : ref.getEndpoints()){
+            // TODO - source component should be set in the builder but the 
+            //        way the builder is written it's difficult to get at it
+            endpoint.setSourceComponent(component);
+            
+            addEndpointResolver(component, ref, endpoint);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void start(RuntimeComponent component, RuntimeComponentReference ref) {
+        synchronized (ref) {
+            resolveTargets(ref);
+            for (Binding binding : ref.getBindings()) {
+                ReferenceBindingProvider provider = ref.getBindingProvider(binding);
+                if (provider == null) {
+                    provider = addReferenceBindingProvider(component, ref, binding);
+                }
+                if (provider != null) {
+                    provider.start();
+                }
+                addReferenceWire(component, ref, binding);
+            }
+            
+            // targets now have an endpoint representation. We can use this to 
+            // look for unresolved endpoints using dummy wires for late resolution
+            for (Endpoint endpoint : ref.getEndpoints()){
+                addReferenceEndpointWire(component, ref, endpoint);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void stop(Component component, ComponentReference reference) {
+        if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+            logger.fine("Stopping component reference: " + component.getURI() + "#" + reference.getName());
+        }
+        RuntimeComponentReference runtimeRef = ((RuntimeComponentReference)reference);
+        for (Binding binding : reference.getBindings()) {
+            ReferenceBindingProvider bindingProvider = runtimeRef.getBindingProvider(binding);
+            if (bindingProvider != null) {
+                bindingProvider.stop();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void deactivate(RuntimeComponent component, RuntimeComponentReference ref) {
+        if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+            logger.fine("Deactivating component reference: " + component.getURI() + "#" + ref.getName());
+        }
+        removeReferenceWires(ref);
+        for (Binding binding : ref.getBindings()) {
+            removeReferenceBindingProvider(component, ref, binding);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param component
+     * @param reference
+     * @param binding
+     */
+    private EndpointResolver addEndpointResolver(RuntimeComponent component,
+                                                 RuntimeComponentReference reference,
+                                                 Endpoint endpoint){
+        
+        // only create endpoint resolvers for unresolved endpoints currently
+        // this will also prevent a wire from being created later
+        if (!endpoint.isUnresolved()){
+            return null;
+        }
+        
+        // This souldn't happen as the endpoint resolver extension point is in core-spi but 
+        // just in case returning null here will mean that no wire is created and calling 
+        // the reference will fail with NPE
+        if (endpointResolverFactories == null){
+            return null;
+        }
+        
+        EndpointResolverFactory<Endpoint> resolverFactory =
+            (EndpointResolverFactory<Endpoint>)endpointResolverFactories.getEndpointResolverFactory(endpoint.getClass());
+        
+        if (resolverFactory != null) {
+            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+            EndpointResolver endpointResolver =
+                resolverFactory.createEndpointResolver(endpoint, null);
+            if (endpointResolver != null) {
+                ((RuntimeComponentReference)reference).setEndpointResolver(endpoint, endpointResolver);
+            }
+            
+            return endpointResolver;
+        } else {
+            // TODO - for the time being allow the lack of an endpoint provider to be the 
+            //        switch to turn off endpoint processing
+            return null;
+            //throw new IllegalStateException("Endpoint provider factory not found for class: " + endpoint.getClass().getName());
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public void addReferenceBindingProviderForEndpoint(Endpoint endpoint){
+        addReferenceBindingProvider((RuntimeComponent)endpoint.getSourceComponent(),
+                                    (RuntimeComponentReference)endpoint.getSourceComponentReference(),
+                                    endpoint.getSourceBinding());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param component
+     * @param reference
+     * @param binding
+     */
+    private ReferenceBindingProvider addReferenceBindingProvider(RuntimeComponent component,
+                                                                 RuntimeComponentReference reference,
+                                                                 Binding binding) {
+        BindingProviderFactory providerFactory =
+            (BindingProviderFactory)providerFactories.getProviderFactory(binding.getClass());
+        if (providerFactory != null) {
+            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+            ReferenceBindingProvider bindingProvider =
+                providerFactory.createReferenceBindingProvider((RuntimeComponent)component,
+                                                               (RuntimeComponentReference)reference,
+                                                               binding);
+            if (bindingProvider != null) {
+                ((RuntimeComponentReference)reference).setBindingProvider(binding, bindingProvider);
+            }
+            for (PolicyProviderFactory f : providerFactories.getPolicyProviderFactories()) {
+                PolicyProvider policyProvider = f.createReferencePolicyProvider(component, reference, binding);
+                if (policyProvider != null) {
+                    reference.addPolicyProvider(binding, policyProvider);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return bindingProvider;
+        } else {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Provider factory not found for class: " + binding.getClass().getName());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param reference
+     */
+    private void resolveTargets(RuntimeComponentReference reference) {
+        // The code that used to be here to resolved unresolved targets is now 
+        // at the bottom of BaseWireBuilder.connectComponentReferences()
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Create the runtime wires for a reference endpoint. Currently this method
+     * only deals with the late binding case and creates a dummy wire that 
+     * will use the Endpoint to resolve the target at the point when the 
+     * wire chains are created.
+     * 
+     * @param component
+     * @param reference
+     * @param binding
+     */
+    private void addReferenceEndpointWire(Component component, ComponentReference reference, Endpoint endpoint) {
+        // only deal with unresolved endpoints as, to prevent breaking changes, targets that are resolved
+        // at build time are still represented as bindings in the binding list
+        if (((RuntimeComponentReference)reference).getEndpointResolver(endpoint) == null){ 
+            // no endpoint provider has previously been created so don't create the 
+            // wire
+            return;
+        }
+        
+        RuntimeWire wire = new EndpointWireImpl(endpoint, this);
+        
+        RuntimeComponentReference runtimeRef = (RuntimeComponentReference)reference;
+        runtimeRef.getRuntimeWires().add(wire);
+    }
+    
+
+    /**
+     * Create the runtime wires for a reference binding
+     * 
+     * @param component
+     * @param reference
+     * @param binding
+     */
+    private void addReferenceWire(Component component, ComponentReference reference, Binding binding) {
+        if (!(reference instanceof RuntimeComponentReference)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        
+        // create wire if binding has an endpoint
+        Component targetComponent = null;
+        ComponentService targetComponentService = null;
+        Binding targetBinding = null;
+    
+        if (binding instanceof OptimizableBinding) {
+            OptimizableBinding endpoint = (OptimizableBinding)binding;
+            targetComponent = endpoint.getTargetComponent();
+            targetComponentService = endpoint.getTargetComponentService();
+            targetBinding = endpoint.getTargetBinding();
+            // FIXME: TUSCANY-2136, For unresolved binding, don't add wire. Is it the right solution?
+            if (!reference.isCallback() && binding.getURI() == null && targetComponentService == null) {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // create a forward wire, either static or dynamic
+        addReferenceWire(component, reference, binding, targetComponent, targetComponentService, targetBinding);
+
+        /*
+        // if static forward wire (not from self-reference), try to create a static callback wire 
+        if (targetComponentService != null && !reference.getName().startsWith("$self$.")) {
+            ComponentReference callbackReference = targetComponentService.getCallbackReference();
+            if (callbackReference != null) {
+                Binding callbackBinding = null;
+                Binding callbackServiceBinding = null;
+                // select a service callback binding that can be wired back to this component
+                for (Binding refBinding : callbackReference.getBindings()) {
+                    // first look for a callback binding whose name matches the target binding name
+                    if (refBinding.getName().equals(targetBinding.getName())) {
+                        callbackBinding = refBinding;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                // see if there is a matching reference callback binding 
+                if (callbackBinding != null) {
+                    callbackServiceBinding = reference.getCallbackService().getBinding(callbackBinding.getClass());
+                }
+                // if there isn't an end-to-end match, try again based on target binding type
+                if (callbackBinding == null || callbackServiceBinding == null) {
+                    callbackBinding = callbackReference.getBinding(targetBinding.getClass());
+                    if (callbackBinding != null) {
+                        callbackServiceBinding = reference.getCallbackService().getBinding(callbackBinding.getClass());
+                    }
+                }
+                if (callbackBinding != null && callbackServiceBinding != null) {
+                    // end-to-end match, so create a static callback wire as well as the static forward wire
+        
+                    addReferenceWire(targetComponent, callbackReference, callbackBinding, component, reference
+                        .getCallbackService(), callbackServiceBinding);
+                } else {
+                    // no end-to-end match, so do not create a static callback wire
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        */
+    }
+
+    public void addReferenceWireForEndpoint(Endpoint endpoint){
+        addReferenceWire(endpoint.getSourceComponent(),
+                         endpoint.getSourceComponentReference(),
+                         endpoint.getSourceBinding(),
+                         endpoint.getTargetComponent(),
+                         endpoint.getTargetComponentService(),
+                         endpoint.getTargetBinding());
+    }
+    /**
+     * Create a reference wire for a forward call or a callback
+     * @param reference
+     * @param service
+     * @param serviceBinding
+     * @param component
+     * @param referenceBinding
+     */
+    private RuntimeWire addReferenceWire(Component refComponent,
+                                         ComponentReference reference,
+                                         Binding refBinding,
+                                         Component serviceComponent,
+                                         ComponentService service,
+                                         Binding serviceBinding) {
+        RuntimeComponentReference runtimeRef = (RuntimeComponentReference)reference;
+        InterfaceContract bindingContract = getInterfaceContract(reference, refBinding);
+
+        // Use the interface contract of the reference on the component type
+        Reference componentTypeRef = reference.getReference();
+        InterfaceContract sourceContract =
+            componentTypeRef == null ? reference.getInterfaceContract() : componentTypeRef.getInterfaceContract();
+        sourceContract = sourceContract.makeUnidirectional(false);
+
+        EndpointReference wireSource =
+            new EndpointReferenceImpl((RuntimeComponent)refComponent, reference, refBinding, sourceContract);
+        ComponentService callbackService = reference.getCallbackService();
+        if (callbackService != null) {
+            // select a reference callback binding to pass with invocations on this wire
+            Binding callbackBinding = null;
+            for (Binding binding : callbackService.getBindings()) {
+                // first look for a callback binding whose name matches the reference binding name
+            	if (refBinding.getName().startsWith(binding.getName())) {
+                    callbackBinding = binding;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            // if no callback binding found, try again based on reference binding type
+            if (callbackBinding == null) {
+                callbackBinding = callbackService.getBinding(refBinding.getClass());
+            }
+            InterfaceContract callbackContract = callbackService.getInterfaceContract();
+            EndpointReference callbackEndpoint =
+                new EndpointReferenceImpl((RuntimeComponent)refComponent, callbackService, callbackBinding,
+                                          callbackContract);
+            wireSource.setCallbackEndpoint(callbackEndpoint);
+        }
+
+        EndpointReference wireTarget =
+            new EndpointReferenceImpl((RuntimeComponent)serviceComponent, service, serviceBinding, bindingContract);
+        
+        // TUSCANY-2029 - We should use the URI of the serviceBinding because the target may be a Component in a
+        // nested composite.
+        if (serviceBinding != null) {
+            wireTarget.setURI(serviceBinding.getURI());
+        }
+
+        RuntimeWire wire =
+            new RuntimeWireImpl(wireSource, wireTarget, interfaceContractMapper, workScheduler, wireProcessor,
+                                messageFactory, conversationManager);
+        runtimeRef.getRuntimeWires().add(wire);
+
+        return wire;
+    }
+
+    private void addImplementationProvider(RuntimeComponent component, Implementation implementation) {
+        ImplementationProviderFactory providerFactory =
+            (ImplementationProviderFactory)providerFactories.getProviderFactory(implementation.getClass());
+        if (providerFactory != null) {
+            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+            ImplementationProvider implementationProvider =
+                providerFactory.createImplementationProvider(component, implementation);
+            if (implementationProvider != null) {
+                component.setImplementationProvider(implementationProvider);
+            }
+        } else {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Provider factory not found for class: " + implementation.getClass()
+                .getName());
+        }
+        for (PolicyProviderFactory f : providerFactories.getPolicyProviderFactories()) {
+            PolicyProvider policyProvider = f.createImplementationPolicyProvider(component, implementation);
+            if (policyProvider != null) {
+                component.addPolicyProvider(policyProvider);
+            }
+        }
+        
+    }
+
+    private void removeImplementationProvider(RuntimeComponent component) {
+        component.setImplementationProvider(null);
+        component.getPolicyProviders().clear();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param component
+     * @param service
+     * @param binding
+     */
+    private ServiceBindingProvider addServiceBindingProvider(RuntimeComponent component,
+                                                             RuntimeComponentService service,
+                                                             Binding binding) {
+        BindingProviderFactory providerFactory =
+            (BindingProviderFactory)providerFactories.getProviderFactory(binding.getClass());
+        if (providerFactory != null) {
+            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+            ServiceBindingProvider bindingProvider =
+                providerFactory.createServiceBindingProvider((RuntimeComponent)component,
+                                                             (RuntimeComponentService)service,
+                                                             binding);
+            if (bindingProvider != null) {
+                ((RuntimeComponentService)service).setBindingProvider(binding, bindingProvider);
+            }
+            for (PolicyProviderFactory f : providerFactories.getPolicyProviderFactories()) {
+                PolicyProvider policyProvider = f.createServicePolicyProvider(component, service, binding);
+                if (policyProvider != null) {
+                    service.addPolicyProvider(binding, policyProvider);
+                }
+            }
+            return bindingProvider;
+        } else {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Provider factory not found for class: " + binding.getClass().getName());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void removeServiceBindingProvider(RuntimeComponent component,
+                                              RuntimeComponentService service,
+                                              Binding binding) {
+        service.setBindingProvider(binding, null);
+        for (Binding b : service.getBindings()) {
+            List<PolicyProvider> pps = service.getPolicyProviders(b);
+            if (pps != null) {
+                pps.clear();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void removeReferenceBindingProvider(RuntimeComponent component,
+                                                RuntimeComponentReference reference,
+                                                Binding binding) {
+        reference.setBindingProvider(binding, null);
+        for (Binding b : reference.getBindings()) {
+            List<PolicyProvider> pps = reference.getPolicyProviders(b);
+            if (pps != null) {
+                pps.clear();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void start(Composite composite) {
+        if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+            logger.fine("Starting composite: " + composite.getName());
+        }
+        for (Component component : composite.getComponents()) {
+            start(component);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void stop(Composite composite) {
+        if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+            logger.fine("Stopping composite: " + composite.getName());
+        }
+        for (final Component component : composite.getComponents()) {
+            stop(component);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void start(Component component) {
+        if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+            logger.fine("Starting component: " + component.getURI());
+        }
+        RuntimeComponent runtimeComponent = ((RuntimeComponent)component);
+        if(runtimeComponent.isStarted()) {
+        	return;
+        }
+        
+        configureComponentContext(runtimeComponent);
+
+        for (ComponentReference reference : component.getReferences()) {
+            if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+                logger.fine("Starting component reference: " + component.getURI() + "#" + reference.getName());
+            }
+            RuntimeComponentReference runtimeRef = ((RuntimeComponentReference)reference);
+            runtimeRef.setComponent(runtimeComponent);
+            
+            for (Endpoint endpoint : reference.getEndpoints()) {
+                final EndpointResolver endpointResolver = runtimeRef.getEndpointResolver(endpoint);
+                if (endpointResolver != null) {
+                    // Allow endpoint resolvers to do any startup reference manipulation
+                    AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
+                        public Object run() {
+                            endpointResolver.start();
+                            return null;
+                          }
+                    });                       
+                }
+            }
+            
+            for (Binding binding : reference.getBindings()) {
+                final ReferenceBindingProvider bindingProvider = runtimeRef.getBindingProvider(binding);
+                if (bindingProvider != null) {
+                    // Allow bindings to add shutdown hooks. Requires RuntimePermission shutdownHooks in policy. 
+                    AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
+                        public Object run() {
+                            bindingProvider.start();
+                            return null;
+                          }
+                    });                       
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (ComponentService service : component.getServices()) {
+            if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+                logger.fine("Starting component service: " + component.getURI() + "#" + service.getName());
+            }
+            RuntimeComponentService runtimeService = (RuntimeComponentService)service;
+            for (Binding binding : service.getBindings()) {
+                final ServiceBindingProvider bindingProvider = runtimeService.getBindingProvider(binding);
+                if (bindingProvider != null) {
+                    // bindingProvider.start();
+                    // Allow bindings to add shutdown hooks. Requires RuntimePermission shutdownHooks in policy. 
+                    AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
+                        public Object run() {
+                            bindingProvider.start();
+                            return null;
+                          }
+                    });                       
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Implementation implementation = component.getImplementation();
+        if (implementation instanceof Composite) {
+            start((Composite)implementation);
+        } else {
+            ImplementationProvider implementationProvider = runtimeComponent.getImplementationProvider();
+            if (implementationProvider != null) {
+                implementationProvider.start();
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (component instanceof ScopedRuntimeComponent) {
+            ScopedRuntimeComponent scopedRuntimeComponent = (ScopedRuntimeComponent)component;
+            if (scopedRuntimeComponent.getScopeContainer() != null) {
+                scopedRuntimeComponent.getScopeContainer().start();
+            }
+        }
+
+        runtimeComponent.setStarted(true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param runtimeComponent
+     */
+    public void configureComponentContext(RuntimeComponent runtimeComponent) {
+        RuntimeComponentContext componentContext =
+            new ComponentContextImpl(this, assemblyFactory, proxyFactory, interfaceContractMapper,
+                                     requestContextFactory, javaInterfaceFactory, runtimeComponent);
+        runtimeComponent.setComponentContext(componentContext);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stop a component
+     */
+    public void stop(Component component) {
+    	if (!((RuntimeComponent)component).isStarted()) {
+    		return;
+        }
+        if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+            logger.fine("Stopping component: " + component.getURI());
+        }
+        for (ComponentService service : component.getServices()) {
+            if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+                logger.fine("Stopping component service: " + component.getURI() + "#" + service.getName());
+            }
+            for (Binding binding : service.getBindings()) {
+                final ServiceBindingProvider bindingProvider = ((RuntimeComponentService)service).getBindingProvider(binding);
+                if (bindingProvider != null) {
+                    // Allow bindings to read properties. Requires PropertyPermission read in security policy. 
+                    AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
+                        public Object run() {
+                            bindingProvider.stop();
+                            return null;
+                          }
+                    });                       
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for (ComponentReference reference : component.getReferences()) {
+            if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+                logger.fine("Starting component reference: " + component.getURI() + "#" + reference.getName());
+            }
+            RuntimeComponentReference runtimeRef = ((RuntimeComponentReference)reference);
+            
+            for (Binding binding : reference.getBindings()) {
+                final ReferenceBindingProvider bindingProvider = runtimeRef.getBindingProvider(binding);
+                if (bindingProvider != null) {
+                    // Allow bindings to read properties. Requires PropertyPermission read in security policy. 
+                    AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
+                        public Object run() {
+                            bindingProvider.stop();
+                            return null;
+                          }
+                    });                       
+                }
+            } 
+            
+            for (Endpoint endpoint : reference.getEndpoints()) {
+                final EndpointResolver endpointResolver = runtimeRef.getEndpointResolver(endpoint);
+                if (endpointResolver != null) {
+                    // Allow endpoint resolvers to do any shutdown reference manipulation
+                    AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
+                        public Object run() {
+                            endpointResolver.stop();
+                            return null;
+                          }
+                    });                       
+                }
+            }             
+        }
+        Implementation implementation = component.getImplementation();
+        if (implementation instanceof Composite) {
+            stop((Composite)implementation);
+        } else {
+            final ImplementationProvider implementationProvider = ((RuntimeComponent)component).getImplementationProvider();
+            if (implementationProvider != null) {
+                // Allow bindings to read properties. Requires PropertyPermission read in security policy. 
+                AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
+                    public Object run() {
+                        implementationProvider.stop();
+                        return null;
+                      }
+                });                       
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (component instanceof ScopedRuntimeComponent) {
+            ScopedRuntimeComponent runtimeComponent = (ScopedRuntimeComponent)component;
+            if (runtimeComponent.getScopeContainer() != null && 
+            		runtimeComponent.getScopeContainer().getLifecycleState() != ScopeContainer.STOPPED) {
+                runtimeComponent.getScopeContainer().stop();
+            }
+        }
+
+        ((RuntimeComponent)component).setStarted(false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the effective interface contract for a reference binding
+     * 
+     * @param reference
+     * @param binding
+     * @return
+     */
+    private InterfaceContract getInterfaceContract(ComponentReference reference, Binding binding) {
+        InterfaceContract interfaceContract = reference.getInterfaceContract();
+        ReferenceBindingProvider provider = ((RuntimeComponentReference)reference).getBindingProvider(binding);
+        if (provider != null) {
+            InterfaceContract bindingContract = provider.getBindingInterfaceContract();
+            if (bindingContract != null) {
+                interfaceContract = bindingContract;
+            }
+        }
+        return interfaceContract.makeUnidirectional(false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove the runtime wires for a reference binding
+     * @param reference
+     */
+    private void removeReferenceWires(ComponentReference reference) {
+        if (!(reference instanceof RuntimeComponentReference)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        // [rfeng] Comment out the following statements to avoid the on-demand activation
+        // RuntimeComponentReference runtimeRef = (RuntimeComponentReference)reference;
+        // runtimeRef.getRuntimeWires().clear();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the effective interface contract for the service binding
+     * 
+     * @param service
+     * @param binding
+     * @return
+     */
+    private InterfaceContract getInterfaceContract(ComponentService service, Binding binding) {
+        InterfaceContract interfaceContract = service.getInterfaceContract();
+
+        ServiceBindingProvider provider = ((RuntimeComponentService)service).getBindingProvider(binding);
+        if (provider != null) {
+            InterfaceContract bindingContract = provider.getBindingInterfaceContract();
+            if (bindingContract != null) {
+                interfaceContract = bindingContract;
+            }
+        }
+        return interfaceContract.makeUnidirectional(false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove runtime wires for a service binding
+     * 
+     * @param component
+     * @param service
+     */
+    private void removeServiceWires(ComponentService service) {
+        if (!(service instanceof RuntimeComponentService)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        RuntimeComponentService runtimeService = (RuntimeComponentService)service;
+        runtimeService.getRuntimeWires().clear();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a service wire for a forward call or a callback
+     * @param service
+     * @param serviceBinding
+     * @param reference
+     * @param component
+     * @param referenceBinding
+     */
+    private RuntimeWire addServiceWire(Component serviceComponent, ComponentService service, Binding serviceBinding) {
+        if (!(service instanceof RuntimeComponentService)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        RuntimeComponentService runtimeService = (RuntimeComponentService)service;
+
+        // FIXME: [rfeng] We might need a better way to get the impl interface contract
+        Service targetService = service.getService();
+        if (targetService == null) {
+            targetService = service;
+        }
+        InterfaceContract targetContract = targetService.getInterfaceContract().makeUnidirectional(false);
+
+        InterfaceContract sourceContract = getInterfaceContract(service, serviceBinding);
+
+        EndpointReference wireSource = new EndpointReferenceImpl(null, null, serviceBinding, sourceContract);
+
+        EndpointReference wireTarget =
+            new EndpointReferenceImpl((RuntimeComponent)serviceComponent, (RuntimeComponentService)service,
+                                      serviceBinding, targetContract);
+
+        RuntimeWire wire =
+            new RuntimeWireImpl(wireSource, wireTarget, interfaceContractMapper, workScheduler, wireProcessor,
+                                messageFactory, conversationManager);
+        runtimeService.getRuntimeWires().add(wire);
+
+        return wire;
+    }
+
+    public void activate(RuntimeComponent component, RuntimeComponentService service) {
+        if (service.getService() == null) {
+            if (logger.isLoggable(Level.WARNING)) {
+                logger.warning("Skipping component service not defined in the component type: " + component.getURI()
+                    + "#"
+                    + service.getName());
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        if (service.getService() instanceof CompositeService) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+            logger.fine("Activating component service: " + component.getURI() + "#" + service.getName());
+        }
+
+        for (Binding binding : service.getBindings()) {
+            addServiceBindingProvider(component, service, binding);
+            addServiceWire(component, service, binding);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void deactivate(RuntimeComponent component, RuntimeComponentService service) {
+        if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+            logger.fine("Deactivating component service: " + component.getURI() + "#" + service.getName());
+        }
+        removeServiceWires(service);
+        for (Binding binding : service.getBindings()) {
+            removeServiceBindingProvider(component, service, binding);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void addScopeContainer(Component component) {
+        if (!(component instanceof ScopedRuntimeComponent)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        ScopedRuntimeComponent runtimeComponent = (ScopedRuntimeComponent)component;
+        ScopeContainer scopeContainer = scopeRegistry.getScopeContainer(runtimeComponent);
+        if (scopeContainer != null && scopeContainer.getScope() == Scope.CONVERSATION) {
+            conversationManager.addListener((ConversationalScopeContainer)scopeContainer);
+        }
+        runtimeComponent.setScopeContainer(scopeContainer);
+    }
+
+    private void removeScopeContainer(Component component) {
+        if (!(component instanceof ScopedRuntimeComponent)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        ScopedRuntimeComponent runtimeComponent = (ScopedRuntimeComponent)component;
+        ScopeContainer scopeContainer = runtimeComponent.getScopeContainer();
+        if(scopeContainer != null && scopeContainer.getScope() == Scope.CONVERSATION) {
+            conversationManager.removeListener((ConversationalScopeContainer) scopeContainer);
+        }        
+        runtimeComponent.setScopeContainer(null);
+    }
+    
+    public void activateComponent(Component component)
+            throws ActivationException {
+        try {
+            if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+                logger.fine("Activating component: " + component.getURI());
+            }
+
+            Implementation implementation = component.getImplementation();
+            if (implementation instanceof Composite) {
+                activate((Composite) implementation);
+            } else if (implementation != null) {
+                addImplementationProvider((RuntimeComponent) component,
+                        implementation);
+                addScopeContainer(component);
+            }
+
+            for (ComponentService service : component.getServices()) {
+                activate((RuntimeComponent) component,
+                        (RuntimeComponentService) service);
+            }
+
+            for (ComponentReference reference : component.getReferences()) {
+                activate((RuntimeComponent) component,
+                        (RuntimeComponentReference) reference);
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new ActivationException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void deactivateComponent(Component component)
+            throws ActivationException {
+        try {
+            if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+                logger.fine("Deactivating component: " + component.getURI());
+            }
+            for (ComponentService service : component.getServices()) {
+                deactivate((RuntimeComponent) component,
+                        (RuntimeComponentService) service);
+            }
+
+            for (ComponentReference reference : component.getReferences()) {
+                deactivate((RuntimeComponent) component,
+                        (RuntimeComponentReference) reference);
+            }
+
+            Implementation implementation = component.getImplementation();
+            if (implementation instanceof Composite) {
+                deactivate((Composite) implementation);
+            } else if (implementation != null) {
+                removeImplementationProvider((RuntimeComponent) component);
+                removeScopeContainer(component);
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new ActivationException(e);
+        }
+    }    
+
+    public void activate(Composite composite) throws ActivationException {
+        try {
+            if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+                logger.fine("Activating composite: " + composite.getName());
+            }
+            for (Component component : composite.getComponents()) {
+                if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+                    logger.fine("Activating component: " + component.getURI());
+                }
+
+                Implementation implementation = component.getImplementation();
+                if (implementation instanceof Composite) {
+                    activate((Composite)implementation);
+                } else if (implementation != null) {
+                    addImplementationProvider((RuntimeComponent)component, implementation);
+                    addScopeContainer(component);
+                }
+
+                for (ComponentService service : component.getServices()) {
+                    activate((RuntimeComponent)component, (RuntimeComponentService)service);
+                }
+
+                for (ComponentReference reference : component.getReferences()) {
+                    activate((RuntimeComponent)component, (RuntimeComponentReference)reference);
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new ActivationException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void deactivate(Composite composite) throws ActivationException {
+        try {
+            if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+                logger.fine("Deactivating composite: " + composite.getName());
+            }
+            for (Component component : composite.getComponents()) {
+                if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+                    logger.fine("Deactivating component: " + component.getURI());
+                }
+                for (ComponentService service : component.getServices()) {
+                    deactivate((RuntimeComponent)component, (RuntimeComponentService)service);
+                }
+
+                for (ComponentReference reference : component.getReferences()) {
+                    deactivate((RuntimeComponent)component, (RuntimeComponentReference)reference);
+                }
+
+                Implementation implementation = component.getImplementation();
+                if (implementation instanceof Composite) {
+                    deactivate((Composite)implementation);
+                } else if (implementation != null) {
+                    removeImplementationProvider((RuntimeComponent)component);
+                    removeScopeContainer(component);
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new ActivationException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the referenceHelper
+     */
+    public ComponentContextHelper getComponentContextHelper() {
+        return componentContextHelper;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the proxyFactory
+     */
+    public ProxyFactory getProxyFactory() {
+        return proxyFactory;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the domainComposite
+     */
+    public Composite getDomainComposite() {
+        return domainComposite;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param domainComposite the domainComposite to set
+     */
+    public void setDomainComposite(Composite domainComposite) {
+        this.domainComposite = domainComposite;
+    }
+
+    public Component resolve(String componentURI) {
+        for (Composite composite : domainComposite.getIncludes()) {
+            Component component = resolve(composite, componentURI);
+            if (component != null) {
+                return component;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public Component resolve(Composite composite, String componentURI) {
+        for (Component component : composite.getComponents()) {
+            String uri = component.getURI();
+            if (uri.equals(componentURI)) {
+                return component;
+            }
+            if (componentURI.startsWith(uri)) {
+                Implementation implementation = component.getImplementation();
+                if (!(implementation instanceof Composite)) {
+                    return null;
+                }
+                return resolve((Composite)implementation, componentURI);
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the javaInterfaceFactory
+     */
+    public JavaInterfaceFactory getJavaInterfaceFactory() {
+        return javaInterfaceFactory;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the conversationManager
+     */
+    public ConversationManager getConversationManager() {
+        return conversationManager;
+    }
+    
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/EndpointReferenceImpl.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/EndpointReferenceImpl.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..78096b20ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/EndpointReferenceImpl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Binding;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Contract;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.InterfaceContract;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.EndpointReference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.ReferenceParameters;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+
+/**
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class EndpointReferenceImpl implements EndpointReference {
+    private RuntimeComponent component;
+    private Contract contract;
+    private Binding binding;
+    private InterfaceContract interfaceContract;
+    private String uri;
+    private EndpointReference callbackEndpoint;
+    private ReferenceParameters parameters = new ReferenceParametersImpl();
+
+    /**
+     * @param component
+     * @param contract
+     * @param binding
+     * @param interfaceContract
+     */
+    public EndpointReferenceImpl(RuntimeComponent component,
+                                 Contract contract,
+                                 Binding binding,
+                                 InterfaceContract interfaceContract) {
+        super();
+        this.component = component;
+        this.contract = contract;
+        this.binding = binding;
+        this.interfaceContract = interfaceContract;
+        this.uri = (component != null ? component.getURI() : "") + '/' +
+                   (contract != null ? contract.getName() : "");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param uri
+     */
+    public EndpointReferenceImpl(String uri) {
+        super();
+        this.uri = uri;
+    }
+
+    public Binding getBinding() {
+        return binding;
+    }
+
+    public void setBinding(Binding binding) {
+        this.binding = binding;
+    }
+
+    public RuntimeComponent getComponent() {
+        return component;
+    }
+
+    public void setComponent(RuntimeComponent component) {
+        this.component = component;
+    }
+
+    public Contract getContract() {
+        return contract;
+    }
+
+    public void setContract(Contract contract) {
+        this.contract = contract;
+    }
+
+    public InterfaceContract getInterfaceContract() {
+        return interfaceContract;
+    }
+
+    public void setInterfaceContract(InterfaceContract interfaceContract) {
+        this.interfaceContract = interfaceContract;
+    }
+
+    public String getURI() {
+        return uri;
+    }
+
+    public void setURI(String uri) {
+        this.uri = uri;
+    }
+
+    public EndpointReference getCallbackEndpoint() {
+        return callbackEndpoint;
+    }
+
+    public void setCallbackEndpoint(EndpointReference callbackEndpoint) {
+        this.callbackEndpoint = callbackEndpoint;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        final int PRIME = 31;
+        int result = 1;
+        result = PRIME * result + ((uri == null) ? 0 : uri.hashCode());
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+        if (this == obj) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (obj == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (getClass() != obj.getClass()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        final EndpointReferenceImpl other = (EndpointReferenceImpl)obj;
+        if (uri == null) {
+            if (other.uri != null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else if (!uri.equals(other.uri)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see java.lang.Object#clone()
+     */
+    @Override
+    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
+        EndpointReferenceImpl copy = (EndpointReferenceImpl)super.clone();
+        /* [nash] no need to copy callback endpoint
+        if (callbackEndpoint != null) {
+            copy.callbackEndpoint = (EndpointReference)callbackEndpoint.clone();
+        }
+        */
+        if (parameters != null) {
+            copy.parameters = (ReferenceParameters)parameters.clone();
+        }
+        return copy;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the parameters
+     */
+    public ReferenceParameters getReferenceParameters() {
+        return parameters;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param parameters the parameters to set
+     */
+    public void setReferenceParameters(ReferenceParameters parameters) {
+        this.parameters = parameters;
+    }
+
+    public void mergeEndpoint(EndpointReference epr) {
+        this.component = epr.getComponent();
+        this.contract = epr.getContract();
+        this.binding = epr.getBinding();
+        this.interfaceContract = epr.getInterfaceContract();
+        this.uri = epr.getURI();
+        this.callbackEndpoint = epr.getCallbackEndpoint();
+    }
+   
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/EndpointWireImpl.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/EndpointWireImpl.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..87dbf0eeac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/EndpointWireImpl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Endpoint;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Reference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.endpointresolver.EndpointResolver;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.InterfaceContract;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.Operation;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.InvocationChain;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Message;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.provider.ReferenceBindingProvider;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.EndpointReference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponentReference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeWire;
+import org.osoa.sca.ServiceUnavailableException;
+
+/**
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class EndpointWireImpl implements RuntimeWire {
+
+    private Endpoint endpoint;
+    private CompositeActivatorImpl compositeActivator;
+    
+    private EndpointResolver endpointResolver;
+    private EndpointReference source;
+    private RuntimeWire wire;
+
+    /**
+     * @param endpoint
+     */
+    public EndpointWireImpl(Endpoint endpoint, CompositeActivator compositeActivator) {
+        super();
+        this.endpoint = endpoint;
+        // TODO - improve the SPI to get rid of this cast
+        this.compositeActivator = (CompositeActivatorImpl)compositeActivator;
+        
+        // store source configuration as we have most of this now. We don't though know what the 
+        // target is yet. 
+        Reference componentTypeRef = endpoint.getSourceComponentReference().getReference();
+        InterfaceContract sourceContract =
+            componentTypeRef == null ? endpoint.getSourceComponentReference().getInterfaceContract() : componentTypeRef.getInterfaceContract();
+        sourceContract = sourceContract.makeUnidirectional(false);
+
+        source = new EndpointReferenceImpl((RuntimeComponent)endpoint.getSourceComponent(), 
+                                            endpoint.getSourceComponentReference(), 
+                                            null, 
+                                            sourceContract);
+        
+        RuntimeComponentReference runtimeRef = ((RuntimeComponentReference)endpoint.getSourceComponentReference());
+        endpointResolver = runtimeRef.getEndpointResolver(endpoint);
+        
+    }
+
+    public synchronized List<InvocationChain> getInvocationChains() {
+        // where late binding happens. Find the endpoint provider and
+        // ask it to do the endpoint resolution.
+        if (endpoint.isUnresolved()){
+            
+            // this method should locate a viable target service and complete the 
+            // endpoint configuration
+            endpointResolver.resolve();
+            
+            if (endpoint.isUnresolved()){
+                throw new ServiceUnavailableException("Unable to resolve service for component: " +
+                        endpoint.getSourceComponent().getName() +
+                        " reference: " + 
+                        endpoint.getSourceComponentReference().getName() +
+                        " target: " + 
+                        endpoint.getTargetName());
+            } 
+        }
+        
+        if (wire == null){           
+            RuntimeComponentReference runtimeRef = ((RuntimeComponentReference)endpoint.getSourceComponentReference());
+            
+            // add the resolved binding into the reference
+            runtimeRef.getBindings().add(endpoint.getSourceBinding());
+            
+            // add a binding provider into the reference for the resolved binding 
+            compositeActivator.addReferenceBindingProviderForEndpoint(endpoint);
+            
+            // extract the binding provider that has been created
+            ReferenceBindingProvider bindingProvider = runtimeRef.getBindingProvider(endpoint.getSourceBinding());
+            
+            // start the binding provider  
+            bindingProvider.start();
+            
+            // create the wire
+            compositeActivator.addReferenceWireForEndpoint(endpoint);
+            
+            // extract the wire that has been created
+            wire = runtimeRef.getRuntimeWire(endpoint.getSourceBinding());
+        }            
+
+        return wire.getInvocationChains();
+    }
+
+    public InvocationChain getInvocationChain(Operation operation) {
+        if (wire ==null){
+            return null;
+        } else {
+            return wire.getInvocationChain(operation);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Object invoke(Operation operation, Object[] args) throws InvocationTargetException {
+        // not called as the endpoint wire only appears on the reference side
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public Object invoke(Operation operation, Message msg) throws InvocationTargetException {
+        // not called as the endpoint wire only appears on the reference side
+        return null;
+    }
+
+
+    public EndpointReference getSource() {
+        return source;
+    }
+
+    public EndpointReference getTarget() {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public void setTarget(EndpointReference target) {
+    }
+
+    public void rebuild() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see java.lang.Object#clone()
+     */
+    @Override
+    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
+        EndpointWireImpl copy = (EndpointWireImpl)super.clone();
+        return copy;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/ReferenceParameterProcessor.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/ReferenceParameterProcessor.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c82543c4ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/ReferenceParameterProcessor.java
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly;
+
+import javax.xml.namespace.QName;
+import javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamException;
+import javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamReader;
+import javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamWriter;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.contribution.ModelFactoryExtensionPoint;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.contribution.processor.StAXArtifactProcessor;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.contribution.resolver.ModelResolver;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.contribution.service.ContributionReadException;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.contribution.service.ContributionResolveException;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.contribution.service.ContributionWriteException;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.monitor.Monitor;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.ReferenceParameters;
+
+/**
+ * Artifact processor for reference parameters.
+ * 
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class ReferenceParameterProcessor implements StAXArtifactProcessor<ReferenceParameters> {
+    private static final QName REFERENCE_PARAMETERS =
+        new QName("http://tuscany.apache.org/xmlns/sca/1.0", "referenceParameters", "tuscany");
+    
+    /**
+     * Constructs a new processor.
+     * 
+     * @param modelFactories
+     */
+    public ReferenceParameterProcessor(ModelFactoryExtensionPoint modelFactories, Monitor monitor) {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.contribution.processor.StAXArtifactProcessor#getArtifactType()
+     */
+    public QName getArtifactType() {
+        return REFERENCE_PARAMETERS;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.contribution.processor.StAXArtifactProcessor#read(javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamReader)
+     */
+    public ReferenceParameters read(XMLStreamReader reader) throws ContributionReadException, XMLStreamException {
+        ReferenceParameters parameters = new ReferenceParametersImpl();
+        parameters.setConversationID(reader.getAttributeValue(null, "conversationID"));
+        parameters.setCallbackID(reader.getAttributeValue(null, "callbackID"));
+        return parameters;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.contribution.processor.StAXArtifactProcessor#write(java.lang.Object, javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamWriter)
+     */
+    public void write(ReferenceParameters model, XMLStreamWriter writer) throws ContributionWriteException,
+        XMLStreamException {
+        writer.writeStartElement(REFERENCE_PARAMETERS.getPrefix(),
+                                 REFERENCE_PARAMETERS.getLocalPart(),
+                                 REFERENCE_PARAMETERS.getNamespaceURI());
+        writer.writeNamespace(REFERENCE_PARAMETERS.getPrefix(), REFERENCE_PARAMETERS.getNamespaceURI());
+        if (model.getConversationID() != null) {
+            writer.writeAttribute("conversationID", model.getConversationID().toString());
+        }
+        if (model.getCallbackID() != null) {
+            writer.writeAttribute("callbackID", model.getCallbackID().toString());
+        }
+        writer.writeEndElement();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.contribution.processor.ArtifactProcessor#getModelType()
+     */
+    public Class<ReferenceParameters> getModelType() {
+        return ReferenceParameters.class;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.contribution.processor.ArtifactProcessor#resolve(java.lang.Object, org.apache.tuscany.sca.contribution.resolver.ModelResolver)
+     */
+    public void resolve(ReferenceParameters model, ModelResolver resolver) throws ContributionResolveException {
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/ReferenceParametersImpl.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/ReferenceParametersImpl.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..14a5f565fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/ReferenceParametersImpl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.EndpointReference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.ReferenceParameters;
+
+/**
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class ReferenceParametersImpl implements ReferenceParameters {
+    private Object callbackID;
+    private Object conversationID;
+    private EndpointReference callbackReference;
+    private Object callbackObjectID;
+    
+    /**
+     * @return the callbackID
+     */
+    public Object getCallbackID() {
+        return callbackID;
+    }
+    /**
+     * @param callbackID the callbackID to set
+     */
+    public void setCallbackID(Object callbackID) {
+        this.callbackID = callbackID;
+    }
+    /**
+     * @return the conversationID
+     */
+    public Object getConversationID() {
+        return conversationID;
+    }
+    /**
+     * @param conversationID the conversationID to set
+     */
+    public void setConversationID(Object conversationID) {
+        this.conversationID = conversationID;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.ReferenceParameters#getCallbackReference()
+     */
+    public EndpointReference getCallbackReference() {
+        return callbackReference;
+    }
+    /**
+     * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.ReferenceParameters#setCallback(java.lang.Object)
+     */
+    public void setCallbackReference(EndpointReference callback) {
+        this.callbackReference = callback;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * @see java.lang.Object#clone()
+     */
+    @Override
+    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
+        return super.clone();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the callbackObjectID
+     */
+    public Object getCallbackObjectID() {
+        return callbackObjectID;
+    }
+    /**
+     * @param callbackObjectID the callbackObjectID to set
+     */
+    public void setCallbackObjectID(Object callbackObjectID) {
+        this.callbackObjectID = callbackObjectID;
+    }
+    /**
+     * @see java.lang.Object#hashCode()
+     */
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        final int prime = 31;
+        int result = 1;
+        result = prime * result + ((callbackID == null) ? 0 : callbackID.hashCode());
+        result = prime * result + ((callbackObjectID == null) ? 0 : callbackObjectID.hashCode());
+        result = prime * result + ((callbackReference == null) ? 0 : callbackReference.hashCode());
+        result = prime * result + ((conversationID == null) ? 0 : conversationID.hashCode());
+        return result;
+    }
+    /**
+     * @see java.lang.Object#equals(java.lang.Object)
+     */
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+        if (this == obj)
+            return true;
+        if (obj == null)
+            return false;
+        if (!(obj instanceof ReferenceParametersImpl))
+            return false;
+        final ReferenceParametersImpl other = (ReferenceParametersImpl)obj;
+        if (callbackID == null) {
+            if (other.callbackID != null)
+                return false;
+        } else if (!callbackID.equals(other.callbackID))
+            return false;
+        if (callbackObjectID == null) {
+            if (other.callbackObjectID != null)
+                return false;
+        } else if (!callbackObjectID.equals(other.callbackObjectID))
+            return false;
+        if (callbackReference == null) {
+            if (other.callbackReference != null)
+                return false;
+        } else if (!callbackReference.equals(other.callbackReference))
+            return false;
+        if (conversationID == null) {
+            if (other.conversationID != null)
+                return false;
+        } else if (!conversationID.equals(other.conversationID))
+            return false;
+        return true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/RuntimeAssemblyFactory.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/RuntimeAssemblyFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b174dea6ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/RuntimeAssemblyFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.AssemblyFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Component;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.ComponentReference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.ComponentService;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.DefaultAssemblyFactory;
+
+/**
+ * The runtime version of assembly factory
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class RuntimeAssemblyFactory extends DefaultAssemblyFactory implements AssemblyFactory {
+   
+    public RuntimeAssemblyFactory() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Component createComponent() {
+        return new RuntimeComponentImpl();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ComponentReference createComponentReference() {
+        return new RuntimeComponentReferenceImpl();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ComponentService createComponentService() {
+        return new RuntimeComponentServiceImpl();
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/RuntimeComponentImpl.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/RuntimeComponentImpl.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..be594994cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/RuntimeComponentImpl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.impl.ComponentImpl;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.contribution.resolver.ModelResolver;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.contribution.resolver.ResolverExtension;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope.ScopeContainer;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope.ScopedRuntimeComponent;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.provider.ImplementationProvider;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.provider.PolicyProvider;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponentContext;
+
+/**
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class RuntimeComponentImpl extends ComponentImpl implements RuntimeComponent,
+                                              ScopedRuntimeComponent, ResolverExtension {
+    protected RuntimeComponentContext componentContext;
+    protected ImplementationProvider implementationProvider;
+    protected List<PolicyProvider> policyProviders = new ArrayList<PolicyProvider>();
+    protected ScopeContainer scopeContainer;
+    protected boolean started;
+    protected ModelResolver modelResolver;
+
+    /**
+     */
+    public RuntimeComponentImpl() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    public ImplementationProvider getImplementationProvider() {
+        return implementationProvider;
+    }
+
+    public void setImplementationProvider(ImplementationProvider provider) {
+        this.implementationProvider = provider;
+    }
+
+    public ScopeContainer getScopeContainer() {
+        return scopeContainer;
+    }
+
+    public void setScopeContainer(ScopeContainer scopeContainer) {
+        this.scopeContainer = scopeContainer;
+    }
+    
+    public boolean isStarted() {
+        return started;
+    }
+
+    public void setStarted(boolean started) {
+        this.started = started;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the componentContext
+     */
+    public RuntimeComponentContext getComponentContext() {
+        return componentContext;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param componentContext the componentContext to set
+     */
+    public void setComponentContext(RuntimeComponentContext componentContext) {
+        this.componentContext = componentContext;
+    }
+
+    public void addPolicyProvider(PolicyProvider policyProvider) {
+        policyProviders.add(policyProvider);
+    }
+
+    public List<PolicyProvider> getPolicyProviders() {
+        return policyProviders;
+    }
+
+    public ModelResolver getModelResolver() {
+        return modelResolver;
+    }
+    
+    public void setModelResolver(ModelResolver modelResolver) {
+        this.modelResolver = modelResolver;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/RuntimeComponentReferenceImpl.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/RuntimeComponentReferenceImpl.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b840de42a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/RuntimeComponentReferenceImpl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Binding;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Endpoint;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.impl.ComponentReferenceImpl;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.endpointresolver.EndpointResolver;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.Operation;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.InvocationChain;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Invoker;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.provider.PolicyProvider;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.provider.ReferenceBindingProvider;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponentReference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeWire;
+
+/**
+ * Implementation of a Component Reference.
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class RuntimeComponentReferenceImpl extends ComponentReferenceImpl implements RuntimeComponentReference {
+    private ArrayList<RuntimeWire> wires;
+    private HashMap<Binding, ReferenceBindingProvider> bindingProviders =
+        new HashMap<Binding, ReferenceBindingProvider>();
+    private HashMap<Endpoint, EndpointResolver> endpointResolvers =
+        new HashMap<Endpoint, EndpointResolver>();    
+    private HashMap<Binding, List<PolicyProvider>> policyProviders = new HashMap<Binding, List<PolicyProvider>>();
+
+    private RuntimeComponent component;
+
+    public RuntimeComponentReferenceImpl() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    public synchronized List<RuntimeWire> getRuntimeWires() {
+        if (wires == null) {
+            wires = new ArrayList<RuntimeWire>();
+            component.getComponentContext().start(this);
+        }
+        return wires;
+    }
+
+    public RuntimeWire getRuntimeWire(Binding binding) {
+        for (RuntimeWire wire : getRuntimeWires()) {
+            if (wire.getSource().getBinding() == binding) {
+                return wire;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public ReferenceBindingProvider getBindingProvider(Binding binding) {
+        return bindingProviders.get(binding);
+    }
+
+    public void setBindingProvider(Binding binding, ReferenceBindingProvider bindingProvider) {
+        bindingProviders.put(binding, bindingProvider);
+    }
+    
+    public EndpointResolver getEndpointResolver(Endpoint endpoint){
+        return endpointResolvers.get(endpoint);
+    }
+    
+    public void setEndpointResolver(Endpoint endpoint, EndpointResolver endpointResolver){
+        endpointResolvers.put(endpoint, endpointResolver);
+    }
+
+    public Invoker getInvoker(Binding binding, Operation operation) {
+        RuntimeWire wire = getRuntimeWire(binding);
+        if (wire == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        InvocationChain chain = wire.getInvocationChain(operation);
+        return chain == null ? null : chain.getHeadInvoker();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the component
+     */
+    public RuntimeComponent getComponent() {
+        return component;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param component the component to set
+     */
+    public void setComponent(RuntimeComponent component) {
+        this.component = component;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.impl.ComponentReferenceImpl#clone()
+     */
+    @Override
+    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
+        RuntimeComponentReferenceImpl ref = (RuntimeComponentReferenceImpl)super.clone();
+        ref.wires = null;
+        ref.bindingProviders = new HashMap<Binding, ReferenceBindingProvider>();
+        ref.policyProviders = new HashMap<Binding, List<PolicyProvider>>();
+        return ref;
+    }
+
+    public void addPolicyProvider(Binding binding, PolicyProvider policyProvider) {
+        List<PolicyProvider> providers = policyProviders.get(binding);
+        if (providers == null) {
+            providers = new ArrayList<PolicyProvider>();
+            policyProviders.put(binding, providers);
+        }
+        providers.add(policyProvider);
+    }
+
+    public List<PolicyProvider> getPolicyProviders(Binding binding) {
+        return policyProviders.get(binding);
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/RuntimeComponentServiceImpl.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/RuntimeComponentServiceImpl.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..14b38fdd73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/RuntimeComponentServiceImpl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Binding;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.impl.ComponentServiceImpl;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.InterfaceContract;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.Operation;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.InvocationChain;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Invoker;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.provider.PolicyProvider;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.provider.ServiceBindingProvider;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponentService;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeWire;
+import org.osoa.sca.ServiceRuntimeException;
+
+/**
+ * Implementation of a Component Service.
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class RuntimeComponentServiceImpl extends ComponentServiceImpl implements RuntimeComponentService {
+    private ArrayList<RuntimeWire> wires = new ArrayList<RuntimeWire>();
+    private ArrayList<RuntimeWire> callbackWires = new ArrayList<RuntimeWire>();
+    private HashMap<Binding, ServiceBindingProvider> bindingProviders = new HashMap<Binding, ServiceBindingProvider>();
+    private HashMap<Binding, List<PolicyProvider>> policyProviders = new HashMap<Binding, List<PolicyProvider>>();
+
+    public RuntimeComponentServiceImpl() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    public List<RuntimeWire> getRuntimeWires() {
+        return wires;
+    }
+
+    public RuntimeWire getRuntimeWire(Binding binding) {
+        for (RuntimeWire wire : wires) {
+            if (wire.getTarget().getBinding() == binding) {
+                return wire;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public RuntimeWire getRuntimeWire(Binding binding, InterfaceContract interfaceContract) {
+        RuntimeWire wire = getRuntimeWire(binding);
+        if (wire == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        if (interfaceContract != null && interfaceContract != wire.getSource().getInterfaceContract()) {
+            try {
+                // FIXME: [rfeng] We could avoid clone() using a better comparison of the two interface contracts
+                wire = (RuntimeWire)wire.clone();
+                wire.getSource().setInterfaceContract(interfaceContract);
+                wire.rebuild();
+            } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
+                throw new ServiceRuntimeException(e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return wire;
+    }
+
+    public List<RuntimeWire> getCallbackWires() {
+        return callbackWires;
+    }
+
+    public ServiceBindingProvider getBindingProvider(Binding binding) {
+        return bindingProviders.get(binding);
+    }
+
+    public void setBindingProvider(Binding binding, ServiceBindingProvider bindingProvider) {
+        bindingProviders.put(binding, bindingProvider);
+    }
+
+    public Invoker getInvoker(Binding binding, Operation operation) {
+        return getInvoker(binding, null, operation);
+    }
+
+    public Invoker getInvoker(Binding binding, InterfaceContract interfaceContract, Operation operation) {
+        InvocationChain chain = getInvocationChain(binding, interfaceContract, operation);
+        if (chain != null) {
+            return chain.getHeadInvoker();
+        } else {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public InvocationChain getInvocationChain(Binding binding, InterfaceContract interfaceContract, Operation operation) {
+        RuntimeWire wire = getRuntimeWire(binding);
+        if (wire == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        if (interfaceContract != null && interfaceContract != wire.getSource().getInterfaceContract()) {
+            try {
+                // FIXME: [rfeng] We could avoid clone() using a better comparison of the two interface contracts
+                wire = (RuntimeWire)wire.clone();
+                wire.getSource().setInterfaceContract(interfaceContract);
+                wire.rebuild();
+            } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
+                throw new ServiceRuntimeException(e);
+            }
+        }
+        return wire.getInvocationChain(operation);
+    }
+
+    public InvocationChain getInvocationChain(Binding binding, Operation operation) {
+        return getInvocationChain(binding, null, operation);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.impl.ComponentServiceImpl#clone()
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Override
+    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
+        RuntimeComponentServiceImpl clone = (RuntimeComponentServiceImpl)super.clone();
+        clone.bindingProviders = (HashMap<Binding, ServiceBindingProvider>)bindingProviders.clone();
+        clone.wires = (ArrayList<RuntimeWire>)wires.clone();
+        clone.callbackWires = (ArrayList<RuntimeWire>)callbackWires.clone();
+        clone.policyProviders = (HashMap<Binding, List<PolicyProvider>>)policyProviders.clone();
+        return clone;
+    }
+
+    public void addPolicyProvider(Binding binding, PolicyProvider policyProvider) {
+        List<PolicyProvider> providers = policyProviders.get(binding);
+        if (providers == null) {
+            providers = new ArrayList<PolicyProvider>();
+            policyProviders.put(binding, providers);
+        }
+        providers.add(policyProvider);
+    }
+
+    public List<PolicyProvider> getPolicyProviders(Binding binding) {
+        return policyProviders.get(binding);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/RuntimeWireImpl.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/RuntimeWireImpl.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c67ead43e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/assembly/RuntimeWireImpl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Binding;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Component;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.ComponentReference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.ComponentService;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Contract;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ConversationManager;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.InvocationChainImpl;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.NonBlockingInterceptor;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.RuntimeWireInvoker;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.InterfaceContract;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.InterfaceContractMapper;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.Operation;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Interceptor;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.InvocationChain;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Invoker;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Message;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.MessageFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Phase;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.provider.ImplementationProvider;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.provider.PolicyProvider;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.provider.ReferenceBindingProvider;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.provider.ServiceBindingProvider;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.EndpointReference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponentReference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponentService;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeWire;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeWireProcessor;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.work.WorkScheduler;
+import org.osoa.sca.ServiceRuntimeException;
+
+/**
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class RuntimeWireImpl implements RuntimeWire {
+    private EndpointReference wireSource;
+    private EndpointReference wireTarget;
+
+    private transient RuntimeWireProcessor wireProcessor;
+    private transient InterfaceContractMapper interfaceContractMapper;
+    private transient WorkScheduler workScheduler;
+    private transient MessageFactory messageFactory;
+    private transient ConversationManager conversationManager;
+    private transient RuntimeWireInvoker invoker;
+
+    // the following is a very simple cache that avoids re-cloning a wire
+    // when consecutive callbacks to the same endpoint are made
+    private EndpointReference lastCallback;
+    private RuntimeWire cachedWire;
+    private boolean wireReserved;
+    private RuntimeWireImpl clonedFrom;
+
+    private List<InvocationChain> chains;
+
+    /**
+     * @param source
+     * @param target
+     * @param interfaceContractMapper 
+     * @param workScheduler 
+     * @param wireProcessor 
+     * @param messageFactory 
+     * @param conversationManager 
+     */
+    public RuntimeWireImpl(EndpointReference source,
+                           EndpointReference target,
+                           InterfaceContractMapper interfaceContractMapper,
+                           WorkScheduler workScheduler,
+                           RuntimeWireProcessor wireProcessor,
+                           MessageFactory messageFactory,
+                           ConversationManager conversationManager) {
+        super();
+        this.wireSource = source;
+        this.wireTarget = target;
+        this.interfaceContractMapper = interfaceContractMapper;
+        this.workScheduler = workScheduler;
+        this.wireProcessor = wireProcessor;
+        this.messageFactory = messageFactory;
+        this.conversationManager = conversationManager;
+        this.invoker = new RuntimeWireInvoker(this.messageFactory, this.conversationManager, this);
+    }
+
+    public synchronized List<InvocationChain> getInvocationChains() {
+        if (chains == null) {
+            initInvocationChains();
+        }
+        return chains;
+    }
+
+    public InvocationChain getInvocationChain(Operation operation) {
+        for (InvocationChain chain : getInvocationChains()) {
+            Operation op = null;
+            if (wireSource.getContract() != null) {
+                // Reference chain
+                op = chain.getSourceOperation();
+            } else {
+                // Service chain
+                op = chain.getTargetOperation();
+            }
+            if (interfaceContractMapper.isCompatible(operation, op, op.getInterface().isRemotable())) {
+                return chain;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public Object invoke(Operation operation, Object[] args) throws InvocationTargetException {
+        Message msg = messageFactory.createMessage();
+        msg.setBody(args);
+        return invoker.invoke(operation, msg);
+    }
+
+    public Object invoke(Operation operation, Message msg) throws InvocationTargetException {
+        return invoker.invoke(operation, msg);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize the invocation chains
+     */
+    private void initInvocationChains() {
+        chains = new ArrayList<InvocationChain>();
+        InterfaceContract sourceContract = wireSource.getInterfaceContract();
+        InterfaceContract targetContract = wireTarget.getInterfaceContract();
+
+        Contract source = wireSource.getContract();
+        if (source instanceof RuntimeComponentReference) {
+            // It's the reference wire
+            RuntimeComponentReference reference = (RuntimeComponentReference)wireSource.getContract();
+            Binding refBinding = wireSource.getBinding();
+            for (Operation operation : sourceContract.getInterface().getOperations()) {
+                Operation targetOperation = interfaceContractMapper.map(targetContract.getInterface(), operation);
+                if (targetOperation == null) {
+                    throw new ServiceRuntimeException("No matching operation for " + operation.getName()
+                        + " is found in reference "
+                        + wireSource.getComponent().getURI()
+                        + "#"
+                        + reference.getName());
+                }
+                InvocationChain chain = new InvocationChainImpl(operation, targetOperation, true);
+                if (operation.isNonBlocking()) {
+                    addNonBlockingInterceptor(reference, refBinding, chain);
+                }
+                addReferenceBindingInterceptor(reference, refBinding, chain, operation);
+                chains.add(chain);
+            }
+        } else {
+            // It's the service wire
+            RuntimeComponentService service = (RuntimeComponentService)wireTarget.getContract();
+            RuntimeComponent serviceComponent = wireTarget.getComponent();
+            Binding serviceBinding = wireTarget.getBinding();
+            for (Operation operation : sourceContract.getInterface().getOperations()) {
+                Operation targetOperation = interfaceContractMapper.map(targetContract.getInterface(), operation);
+                if (targetOperation == null) {
+                    throw new ServiceRuntimeException("No matching operation for " + operation.getName()
+                        + " is found in service "
+                        + serviceComponent.getURI()
+                        + "#"
+                        + service.getName());
+                }
+                InvocationChain chain = new InvocationChainImpl(operation, targetOperation, false);
+                if (operation.isNonBlocking()) {
+                    addNonBlockingInterceptor(service, serviceBinding, chain);
+                }
+                addImplementationInterceptor(serviceComponent, service, chain, targetOperation);
+                chains.add(chain);
+            }
+        }
+        wireProcessor.process(this);
+    }
+
+    public EndpointReference getSource() {
+        return wireSource;
+    }
+
+    public EndpointReference getTarget() {
+        return wireTarget;
+    }
+
+    public void setTarget(EndpointReference target) {
+        if (this.wireTarget != target) {
+            rebuild();
+        }
+        this.wireTarget = target;
+    }
+
+    public void rebuild() {
+        this.chains = null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add the interceptor for a reference binding
+     * 
+     * @param reference
+     * @param binding
+     * @param chain
+     * @param operation
+     */
+    private void addReferenceBindingInterceptor(ComponentReference reference,
+                                                Binding binding,
+                                                InvocationChain chain,
+                                                Operation operation) {
+        ReferenceBindingProvider provider = ((RuntimeComponentReference)reference).getBindingProvider(binding);
+        if (provider != null) {
+            Invoker invoker = provider.createInvoker(operation);
+            if (invoker != null) {
+                chain.addInvoker(invoker);
+            }
+        }
+        List<PolicyProvider> pps = ((RuntimeComponentReference)reference).getPolicyProviders(binding);
+        if (pps != null) {
+            for (PolicyProvider p : pps) {
+                Interceptor interceptor = p.createInterceptor(operation);
+                if (interceptor != null) {
+                    chain.addInterceptor(p.getPhase(), p.createInterceptor(operation));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add the interceptor for a binding
+     * 
+     * @param reference
+     * @param binding
+     * @param chain
+     * @param operation
+     */
+    private void addServiceBindingInterceptor(ComponentReference service,
+                                              Binding binding,
+                                              InvocationChain chain,
+                                              Operation operation) {
+        List<PolicyProvider> pps = ((RuntimeComponentService)service).getPolicyProviders(binding);
+        if (pps != null) {
+            for (PolicyProvider p : pps) {
+                Interceptor interceptor = p.createInterceptor(operation);
+                if (interceptor != null) {
+                    chain.addInterceptor(p.getPhase(), p.createInterceptor(operation));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add a non-blocking interceptor if the reference binding needs it
+     * 
+     * @param reference
+     * @param binding
+     * @param chain
+     */
+    private void addNonBlockingInterceptor(ComponentReference reference, Binding binding, InvocationChain chain) {
+        ReferenceBindingProvider provider = ((RuntimeComponentReference)reference).getBindingProvider(binding);
+        if (provider != null) {
+            boolean supportsOneWayInvocation = provider.supportsOneWayInvocation();
+            if (!supportsOneWayInvocation) {
+                chain.addInterceptor(Phase.REFERENCE, new NonBlockingInterceptor(workScheduler));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add a non-blocking interceptor if the service binding needs it
+     *
+     * @param service
+     * @param binding
+     * @param chain
+     */
+    private void addNonBlockingInterceptor(ComponentService service, Binding binding, InvocationChain chain) {
+        ServiceBindingProvider provider = ((RuntimeComponentService)service).getBindingProvider(binding);
+        if (provider != null) {
+            if (!provider.supportsOneWayInvocation()) {
+                chain.addInterceptor(Phase.SERVICE, new NonBlockingInterceptor(workScheduler));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add the interceptor for a component implementation
+     * 
+     * @param component
+     * @param service
+     * @param chain
+     * @param operation
+     */
+    private void addImplementationInterceptor(Component component,
+                                              ComponentService service,
+                                              InvocationChain chain,
+                                              Operation operation) {
+        ImplementationProvider provider = ((RuntimeComponent)component).getImplementationProvider();
+        if (provider != null) {
+            Invoker invoker = null;
+            invoker = provider.createInvoker((RuntimeComponentService)service, operation);
+            chain.addInvoker(invoker);
+        }
+        List<PolicyProvider> pps = ((RuntimeComponent)component).getPolicyProviders();
+        if (pps != null) {
+            for (PolicyProvider p : pps) {
+                Interceptor interceptor = p.createInterceptor(operation);
+                if (interceptor != null) {
+                    chain.addInterceptor(p.getPhase(), p.createInterceptor(operation));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see java.lang.Object#clone()
+     */
+    @Override
+    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
+        RuntimeWireImpl copy = (RuntimeWireImpl)super.clone();
+        copy.wireSource = (EndpointReference)wireSource.clone();
+        copy.wireTarget = (EndpointReference)wireTarget.clone();
+        copy.invoker = new RuntimeWireInvoker(copy.messageFactory, copy.conversationManager, copy);
+        return copy;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the conversationManager
+     */
+    public ConversationManager getConversationManager() {
+        return conversationManager;
+    }
+
+    public synchronized RuntimeWire lookupCache(EndpointReference callback) {
+        if (lastCallback != null && callback.getURI().equals(lastCallback.getURI()) && !wireReserved) {
+            wireReserved = true;
+            return cachedWire;
+        } else {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void addToCache(EndpointReference callback, RuntimeWire clonedWire) {
+        ((RuntimeWireImpl)clonedWire).setClonedFrom(this);
+        lastCallback = callback;
+        cachedWire = clonedWire;
+        wireReserved = true;
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void releaseClonedWire(RuntimeWire wire) {
+        if (cachedWire == wire) {
+            wireReserved = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void releaseWire() {
+        clonedFrom.releaseClonedWire(this);
+    }
+
+    private void setClonedFrom(RuntimeWireImpl wire) {
+        clonedFrom = wire;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/context/CallableReferenceImpl.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/context/CallableReferenceImpl.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..819b4ecc72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/context/CallableReferenceImpl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,541 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.context;
+
+import java.io.Externalizable;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.ObjectInput;
+import java.io.ObjectOutput;
+import java.security.AccessController;
+import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
+import java.util.UUID;
+
+import javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamReader;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Binding;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Component;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.ComponentService;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.OptimizableBinding;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Reference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.SCABinding;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly.CompositeActivator;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly.CompositeActivatorImpl;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly.EndpointReferenceImpl;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly.EndpointWireImpl;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly.ReferenceParametersImpl;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ConversationManager;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ConversationState;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ExtendedConversation;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.factory.ObjectCreationException;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.ProxyFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.Interface;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.InterfaceContract;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.java.JavaInterface;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.EndpointReference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.ReferenceParameters;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponentReference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeWire;
+import org.osoa.sca.CallableReference;
+import org.osoa.sca.Conversation;
+import org.osoa.sca.ServiceRuntimeException;
+
+/**
+ * Base class for implementations of service and callback references.
+ * 
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ * @param <B> the type of the business interface
+ */
+public class CallableReferenceImpl<B> implements CallableReference<B>, Externalizable {
+    static final long serialVersionUID = -521548304761848325L;
+    protected transient CompositeActivator compositeActivator;
+    protected transient ProxyFactory proxyFactory;
+    protected transient Class<B> businessInterface;
+    protected transient Object proxy;
+
+    // if the wire targets a conversational service this holds the conversation state 
+    protected transient ConversationManager conversationManager;
+    protected transient ExtendedConversation conversation;
+    protected transient Object conversationID;
+    protected Object callbackID; // The callbackID should be serializable
+
+    protected transient RuntimeComponent component;
+    protected transient RuntimeComponentReference reference;
+    protected transient Binding binding;
+
+    protected String scdl;
+
+    private transient RuntimeComponentReference clonedRef;
+    private transient ReferenceParameters refParams;
+    private transient XMLStreamReader xmlReader;
+    
+    private transient RuntimeWire endpointWire;
+
+    /*
+     * Public constructor for Externalizable serialization/deserialization
+     */
+    public CallableReferenceImpl() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Public constructor for use by XMLStreamReader2CallableReference
+     */
+    public CallableReferenceImpl(XMLStreamReader xmlReader) throws Exception {
+        this.xmlReader = xmlReader;
+        resolve();
+    }
+
+    protected CallableReferenceImpl(Class<B> businessInterface,
+                                    RuntimeComponent component,
+                                    RuntimeComponentReference reference,
+                                    Binding binding,
+                                    ProxyFactory proxyFactory,
+                                    CompositeActivator compositeActivator) {
+        this.proxyFactory = proxyFactory;
+        this.businessInterface = businessInterface;
+        this.component = component;
+        this.reference = reference;
+        this.binding = binding;
+        // FIXME: The SCA Specification is not clear how we should handle multiplicity 
+        // for CallableReference
+        if (this.binding == null) {
+            this.binding = this.reference.getBinding(SCABinding.class);
+            if (this.binding == null) {
+                this.binding = this.reference.getBindings().get(0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // FIXME: Should we normalize the componentName/serviceName URI into an absolute SCA URI in the SCA binding?
+        // sca:component1/component11/component112/service1?
+        this.compositeActivator = compositeActivator;
+        this.conversationManager = this.compositeActivator.getConversationManager();
+        //RuntimeWire wire = this.reference.getRuntimeWire(this.binding);
+        // init(wire);
+        initCallbackID();
+    }
+
+    public CallableReferenceImpl(Class<B> businessInterface, RuntimeWire wire, ProxyFactory proxyFactory) {
+        this.proxyFactory = proxyFactory;
+        this.businessInterface = businessInterface;
+        bind(wire);
+    }
+
+    public RuntimeWire getRuntimeWire() {
+        try {
+            resolve();
+            if (endpointWire != null){
+                return endpointWire;
+            } else if (reference != null) {
+                return reference.getRuntimeWire(binding);
+            } else {
+                return null;
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new ServiceRuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void bind(RuntimeWire wire) {
+        if (wire != null) {
+            
+            if (wire instanceof EndpointWireImpl){
+                endpointWire = wire;
+            }
+            this.component = wire.getSource().getComponent();
+            this.reference = (RuntimeComponentReference)wire.getSource().getContract();
+            this.binding = wire.getSource().getBinding();
+            this.compositeActivator = ((ComponentContextImpl)component.getComponentContext()).getCompositeActivator();
+            this.conversationManager = this.compositeActivator.getConversationManager();
+            // init(wire);
+            initCallbackID();
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void initCallbackID() {
+        if (reference.getInterfaceContract().getCallbackInterface() != null) {
+            this.callbackID = createCallbackID();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public B getProxy() throws ObjectCreationException {
+        try {
+            if (proxy == null) {
+                proxy = createProxy(); 
+            }
+            return businessInterface.cast(proxy);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new ObjectCreationException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+	public void setProxy(Object proxy) {
+	    this.proxy = proxy;
+	}
+
+    protected Object createProxy() throws Exception {
+        return proxyFactory.createProxy(this);
+	}
+
+    public B getService() {
+        try {
+            resolve();
+            return getProxy();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new ServiceRuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Class<B> getBusinessInterface() {
+        try {
+            resolve();
+            return businessInterface;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new ServiceRuntimeException(e);
+        }            
+    }
+
+    public boolean isConversational() {
+        try {
+            resolve();        
+            return reference == null ? false : reference.getInterfaceContract().getInterface().isConversational();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new ServiceRuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Conversation getConversation() {
+        try {
+            // resolve from XML just in case this CallableReference is the result of
+            // passing a CallableReference as a parameter
+            resolve();
+            
+            if (conversation == null || conversation.getState() == ConversationState.ENDED) {
+                conversation = null;
+            }
+            return conversation;
+        
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new ServiceRuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Object getCallbackID() {
+        try {
+            resolve();        
+            return callbackID;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new ServiceRuntimeException(e);
+        }        
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see java.io.Externalizable#readExternal(java.io.ObjectInput)
+     */
+    public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
+        final boolean hasSCDL = in.readBoolean();
+        if (hasSCDL) {
+            this.scdl = in.readUTF();
+        } else {
+            this.scdl = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    private synchronized void resolve() throws Exception {
+        if ((scdl != null || xmlReader != null) && component == null && reference == null) {
+            ComponentContextHelper componentContextHelper = ComponentContextHelper.getCurrentComponentContextHelper();
+            if (componentContextHelper != null) {
+                this.compositeActivator = ComponentContextHelper.getCurrentCompositeActivator();
+                this.conversationManager = this.compositeActivator.getConversationManager();
+                Component c;
+                if (xmlReader != null) {
+                    c = componentContextHelper.fromXML(xmlReader);
+                    xmlReader = null;  // OK to GC this now
+                } else {
+                    c = componentContextHelper.fromXML(scdl);
+                    scdl = null;  // OK to GC this now
+                }
+                this.component = (RuntimeComponent)c;
+                compositeActivator.configureComponentContext(this.component);
+                this.reference = (RuntimeComponentReference)c.getReferences().get(0);
+                this.reference.setComponent(this.component);
+                clonedRef = reference;
+                ReferenceParameters parameters = null;
+                for (Object ext : reference.getExtensions()) {
+                    if (ext instanceof ReferenceParameters) {
+                        parameters = (ReferenceParameters)ext;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (parameters != null) {
+                    refParams = parameters;
+                    this.callbackID = parameters.getCallbackID();
+                    
+                    if (parameters.getConversationID() != null){
+                        ExtendedConversation conversation = conversationManager.getConversation(parameters.getConversationID());
+                        
+                        if (conversation == null){
+                            conversation = conversationManager.startConversation(parameters.getConversationID());
+                        }
+                        this.conversation = conversation;
+                    } else {
+                        this.conversation = null;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                for (Binding binding : reference.getBindings()) {
+                    if (binding instanceof OptimizableBinding) {
+                        // Split up the URI
+                        final String[] splitURI = splitComponentURI(binding.getURI());
+                        final String componentURI = splitURI[0];
+                        final String serviceName = splitURI[1];
+                        
+                        // Resolve the Component
+                        final Component targetComponent = resolveComponentURI(componentURI);
+                        
+                        // Find the Service
+                        final ComponentService targetService = resolveService(serviceName, targetComponent);
+
+                        OptimizableBinding optimizableBinding = (OptimizableBinding)binding;
+                        optimizableBinding.setTargetComponent(targetComponent);
+                        optimizableBinding.setTargetComponentService(targetService);
+                        if (targetService != null) {
+                            for (Binding serviceBinding : targetService.getBindings()) {
+                                if (serviceBinding.getClass() == binding.getClass()) {
+                                    optimizableBinding.setTargetBinding(serviceBinding);
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                // FIXME: The SCA Specification is not clear how we should handle multiplicity 
+                // for CallableReference
+                if (binding == null) {
+                    binding = reference.getBinding(SCABinding.class);
+                    if (binding == null) {
+                        binding = reference.getBindings().get(0);
+                    }
+                }
+                Interface i = reference.getInterfaceContract().getInterface();
+                if (i instanceof JavaInterface) {
+                    JavaInterface javaInterface = (JavaInterface)i;
+                    if (javaInterface.isUnresolved()) {
+                        // Allow privileged access to get ClassLoader. Requires RuntimePermission in
+                        // security policy.
+                        ClassLoader classLoader = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<ClassLoader>() {
+                            public ClassLoader run() {
+                                return Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
+                            }
+                        });
+                        javaInterface.setJavaClass(classLoader.loadClass(javaInterface.getName()));
+                        compositeActivator.getJavaInterfaceFactory().createJavaInterface(javaInterface,
+                                                                                       javaInterface.getJavaClass());
+                        //FIXME: If the interface needs XSDs to be loaded (e.g., for static SDO),
+                        // this needs to be done here.  We usually search for XSDs in the current
+                        // contribution at resolve time.  Is it possible to locate the current
+                        // contribution at runtime?
+                        }
+                    this.businessInterface = (Class<B>)javaInterface.getJavaClass();
+                }
+                this.proxyFactory = compositeActivator.getProxyFactory();
+            }
+        } else {
+            this.compositeActivator = ComponentContextHelper.getCurrentCompositeActivator();
+            if (this.compositeActivator != null) {
+                this.proxyFactory = this.compositeActivator.getProxyFactory();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see java.io.Externalizable#writeExternal(java.io.ObjectOutput)
+     */
+    public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {
+        try {
+            final String xml = toXMLString();
+            if (xml == null) {
+                out.writeBoolean(false);
+            } else {
+                out.writeBoolean(true);
+                out.writeUTF(toXMLString());
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            // e.printStackTrace();
+            throw new IOException(e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public String toXMLString() throws IOException {
+        if (reference != null) {
+            if (clonedRef == null) {
+                try {
+                    clonedRef = (RuntimeComponentReference)reference.clone();
+                } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
+                    // will not happen
+                }
+            }
+            if (refParams == null) {
+                refParams = new ReferenceParametersImpl();
+               
+                // remove any existing reference parameters from the clone                
+                Object toRemove = null;
+                for (Object extension : clonedRef.getExtensions()){
+                    if (extension instanceof ReferenceParameters){
+                        toRemove = extension;
+                    }
+                }
+               
+                if (toRemove != null){
+                    clonedRef.getExtensions().remove(toRemove);
+                }
+                
+                // add the new reference parameter object
+                clonedRef.getExtensions().add(refParams);
+            }
+            refParams.setCallbackID(callbackID);
+            if (conversation != null){
+                refParams.setConversationID(conversation.getConversationID());
+            }
+            return ((CompositeActivatorImpl)compositeActivator).getComponentContextHelper()
+                    .toXML(component, clonedRef);
+        } else { 
+            return scdl;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a callback id
+     * 
+     * @return the callback id
+     */
+    private String createCallbackID() {
+        return UUID.randomUUID().toString();
+    }
+
+    public void attachCallbackID(Object callbackID) {
+        this.callbackID = callbackID;
+    }
+
+    public void attachConversationID(Object conversationID) {
+        this.conversationID = conversationID;
+    }
+    
+    public void attachConversation(ExtendedConversation conversation) {
+        this.conversation = conversation;
+    }
+
+
+    protected ReferenceParameters getReferenceParameters() {
+        ReferenceParameters parameters = new ReferenceParametersImpl();
+        parameters.setCallbackID(callbackID);
+        if (getConversation() != null) {
+            parameters.setConversationID(conversation.getConversationID());
+        }
+        return parameters;
+    }
+
+    public EndpointReference getEndpointReference() {
+        try {
+            resolve();  
+            
+            // Use the interface contract of the reference on the component type
+            Reference componentTypeRef = reference.getReference();
+            InterfaceContract sourceContract =
+                componentTypeRef == null ? reference.getInterfaceContract() : componentTypeRef.getInterfaceContract();
+            sourceContract = sourceContract.makeUnidirectional(false);
+            EndpointReference epr = new EndpointReferenceImpl(component, reference, binding, sourceContract);
+            ReferenceParameters parameters = getReferenceParameters();
+            epr.setReferenceParameters(parameters);
+            return epr;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new ServiceRuntimeException(e);
+        }        
+    }
+
+    public XMLStreamReader getXMLReader() {
+        return xmlReader;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resolves the specified URI to a Component using the compositeActivator.
+     * 
+     * @param componentURI The URI of the Component to resolve
+     * @return The Component for the specified URI or null if not founds
+     */
+    protected Component resolveComponentURI(String componentURI) {
+        final String[] splitUri = splitComponentURI(componentURI);
+        return compositeActivator.resolve(splitUri[0]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method will split the specified URI into the Component URI
+     * and Service Name.
+     * 
+     * @param componentURI The URI to split
+     * @return [0] = Component URI [1] = ServiceName
+     */
+    protected String[] splitComponentURI(String componentURI) {
+        final String[] result = new String[2];
+
+        if (componentURI.startsWith("/")) {
+            componentURI = componentURI.substring(1);
+        }
+        final int index = componentURI.lastIndexOf('/');
+        String serviceName = "";
+        if (index > -1) {
+            serviceName = componentURI.substring(index + 1);
+            componentURI = componentURI.substring(0, index);
+        }
+
+        // Return the results
+        result[0] = componentURI;
+        result[1] = serviceName;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Examines the Services on the specified Component and returns the Service that matches the
+     * specified name.
+     * 
+     * @param serviceName The name of the Service to resolve on the Component
+     * @param targetComponent The Component containing the Services
+     * @return The Service with the specified serviceName or null if no such Service found.
+     */
+    protected ComponentService resolveService(String serviceName, Component targetComponent) {
+        ComponentService targetService = null;
+        if (targetComponent != null) {
+            if ("".equals(serviceName)) {
+                targetService = ComponentContextHelper.getSingleService(targetComponent);
+            } else {
+                for (ComponentService service : targetComponent.getServices()) {
+                    if (service.getName().equals(serviceName)) {
+                        targetService = service;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return targetService;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/context/ComponentContextHelper.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/context/ComponentContextHelper.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..78b0887482
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/context/ComponentContextHelper.java
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.context;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.io.StringReader;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.io.Writer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import javax.xml.namespace.QName;
+import javax.xml.stream.XMLInputFactory;
+import javax.xml.stream.XMLOutputFactory;
+import javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamReader;
+import javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamWriter;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.AssemblyFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Binding;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Component;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.ComponentReference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.ComponentService;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Composite;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Multiplicity;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.OptimizableBinding;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Reference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Service;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.contribution.processor.StAXArtifactProcessor;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.contribution.processor.StAXArtifactProcessorExtensionPoint;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly.CompositeActivator;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.ThreadMessageContext;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.Interface;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.InterfaceContract;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.InvalidInterfaceException;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.java.JavaInterface;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.java.JavaInterfaceFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Message;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.EndpointReference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponentReference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponentService;
+import org.osoa.sca.ServiceRuntimeException;
+
+/**
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class ComponentContextHelper {
+
+    private final AssemblyFactory assemblyFactory;
+    private final JavaInterfaceFactory javaInterfaceFactory;
+    private final StAXArtifactProcessorExtensionPoint staxProcessors;
+
+    /**
+     * @param assemblyFactory The factory to create assembly models
+     * @param processors The extension point for StAX artifact processors
+     */
+    public ComponentContextHelper(AssemblyFactory assemblyFactory,
+                                  JavaInterfaceFactory javaInterfaceFactory,
+                                  StAXArtifactProcessorExtensionPoint processors) {
+        this.assemblyFactory = assemblyFactory;
+        this.javaInterfaceFactory = javaInterfaceFactory;
+        this.staxProcessors = processors;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a self-reference for a component service
+     * @param component
+     * @param service
+     * @throws CloneNotSupportedException 
+     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException 
+     */
+    public ComponentReference createSelfReference(Component component,
+                                                  ComponentService service,
+                                                  Class<?> businessInterface) throws CloneNotSupportedException,
+        InvalidInterfaceException {
+        ComponentReference componentReference = assemblyFactory.createComponentReference();
+        componentReference.setName("$self$." + service.getName());
+        for (Binding binding : service.getBindings()) {
+            if (binding instanceof OptimizableBinding) {
+                OptimizableBinding optimizableBinding = (OptimizableBinding)((OptimizableBinding)binding).clone();
+                optimizableBinding.setTargetBinding(binding);
+                optimizableBinding.setTargetComponent(component);
+                optimizableBinding.setTargetComponentService(service);
+                componentReference.getBindings().add(optimizableBinding);
+            } else {
+                componentReference.getBindings().add(binding);
+            }
+        }
+
+        componentReference.setCallback(service.getCallback());
+        componentReference.getTargets().add(service);
+        componentReference.getPolicySets().addAll(service.getPolicySets());
+        componentReference.getRequiredIntents().addAll(service.getRequiredIntents());
+
+        InterfaceContract interfaceContract = service.getInterfaceContract();
+        Service componentTypeService = service.getService();
+        if (componentTypeService != null && componentTypeService.getInterfaceContract() != null) {
+            interfaceContract = componentTypeService.getInterfaceContract();
+        }
+        interfaceContract = getInterfaceContract(interfaceContract, businessInterface);
+        componentReference.setInterfaceContract(interfaceContract);
+        componentReference.setMultiplicity(Multiplicity.ONE_ONE);
+        // component.getReferences().add(componentReference);
+        return componentReference;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param interfaceContract
+     * @param businessInterface
+     * @return
+     * @throws CloneNotSupportedException
+     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+     */
+    private InterfaceContract getInterfaceContract(InterfaceContract interfaceContract, Class<?> businessInterface)
+        throws CloneNotSupportedException, InvalidInterfaceException {
+        Interface interfaze = interfaceContract.getInterface();
+        boolean compatible = false;
+        if (interfaze instanceof JavaInterface) {
+            Class<?> cls = ((JavaInterface)interfaze).getJavaClass();
+            if (businessInterface.isAssignableFrom(cls)) {
+                compatible = true;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!compatible) {
+            // The interface is not assignable from the interface contract
+            interfaceContract = (InterfaceContract)interfaceContract.clone();
+            interfaceContract.setInterface(javaInterfaceFactory.createJavaInterface(businessInterface));
+        }
+
+        return interfaceContract;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Bind a component reference to a component service
+     * @param <B>
+     * @param businessInterface
+     * @param reference
+     * @param service
+     * @return
+     * @throws CloneNotSupportedException
+     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+     */
+    public RuntimeComponentReference bindComponentReference(Class<?> businessInterface,
+                                                            RuntimeComponentReference reference,
+                                                            RuntimeComponent component,
+                                                            RuntimeComponentService service)
+        throws CloneNotSupportedException, InvalidInterfaceException {
+        RuntimeComponentReference ref = (RuntimeComponentReference)reference.clone();
+        InterfaceContract interfaceContract = reference.getInterfaceContract();
+        Reference componentTypeReference = reference.getReference();
+        if (componentTypeReference != null && componentTypeReference.getInterfaceContract() != null) {
+            interfaceContract = componentTypeReference.getInterfaceContract();
+        }
+        InterfaceContract refInterfaceContract = getInterfaceContract(interfaceContract, businessInterface);
+        if (refInterfaceContract != interfaceContract) {
+            ref = (RuntimeComponentReference)reference.clone();
+            ref.setInterfaceContract(interfaceContract);
+        }
+        ref.setComponent(component);
+        ref.getTargets().add(service);
+        ref.getBindings().clear();
+        for (Binding binding : service.getBindings()) {
+            if (binding instanceof OptimizableBinding) {
+                OptimizableBinding optimizableBinding = (OptimizableBinding)((OptimizableBinding)binding).clone();
+                optimizableBinding.setTargetBinding(binding);
+                optimizableBinding.setTargetComponent(component);
+                optimizableBinding.setTargetComponentService(service);
+                ref.getBindings().add(optimizableBinding);
+            } else {
+                ref.getBindings().add(binding);
+            }
+        }
+        return ref;
+    }
+
+    public void write(Component component, ComponentReference reference, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+        write(component, reference, null, writer);
+    }
+
+    public void write(Component component, ComponentReference reference, ComponentService service, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+        try {
+            StAXArtifactProcessor<Composite> processor = staxProcessors.getProcessor(Composite.class);
+            Composite composite = assemblyFactory.createComposite();
+            composite.setName(new QName("http://tuscany.apache.org/xmlns/sca/1.0", "default"));
+            Component comp = assemblyFactory.createComponent();
+            comp.setName("default");
+            comp.setURI(component.getURI());
+            composite.getComponents().add(comp);
+            if (reference != null) {
+                comp.getReferences().add(reference);
+            }
+            if (service != null) {
+                comp.getServices().add(service);
+            }
+
+            XMLOutputFactory outputFactory = XMLOutputFactory.newInstance();
+            XMLStreamWriter streamWriter = outputFactory.createXMLStreamWriter(writer);
+            processor.write(composite, streamWriter);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new IOException(e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public String toXML(Component component, ComponentReference reference) throws IOException {
+        StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
+        write(component, reference, writer);
+        return writer.toString();
+    }
+
+    public String toXML(Component component, ComponentService service) throws IOException {
+        StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
+        write(component, null, service, writer);
+        return writer.toString();
+    }
+
+    public RuntimeComponent read(Reader reader) throws IOException {
+        try {
+            XMLInputFactory inputFactory = XMLInputFactory.newInstance();
+            XMLStreamReader streamReader = inputFactory.createXMLStreamReader(reader);
+            return read(streamReader);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new IOException(e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public RuntimeComponent read(XMLStreamReader streamReader) throws IOException {
+        try {
+            StAXArtifactProcessor<Composite> processor = staxProcessors.getProcessor(Composite.class);
+            Composite composite = processor.read(streamReader);
+            RuntimeComponent component = (RuntimeComponent)composite.getComponents().get(0);
+            return component;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new IOException(e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Component fromXML(String xml) throws IOException {
+        return read(new StringReader(xml));
+    }
+
+    public Component fromXML(XMLStreamReader streamReader) throws IOException {
+        return read(streamReader);
+    }
+
+    public static RuntimeComponent getCurrentComponent() {
+        Message message = ThreadMessageContext.getMessageContext();
+        if (message != null) {
+            EndpointReference to = message.getTo();
+            if (to == null) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            RuntimeComponent component = message.getTo().getComponent();
+            return component;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public static CompositeActivator getCurrentCompositeActivator() {
+        RuntimeComponent component = getCurrentComponent();
+        if (component != null) {
+            ComponentContextImpl context = (ComponentContextImpl)component.getComponentContext();
+            return context.getCompositeActivator();
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public static ComponentContextHelper getCurrentComponentContextHelper() {
+        CompositeActivator activator = getCurrentCompositeActivator();
+        if (activator != null) {
+            return activator.getComponentContextHelper();
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param component
+     */
+    public static ComponentService getSingleService(Component component) {
+        ComponentService targetService;
+        List<ComponentService> services = component.getServices();
+        List<ComponentService> regularServices = new ArrayList<ComponentService>();
+        for (ComponentService service : services) {
+            if (service.isCallback()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            String name = service.getName();
+            if (!name.startsWith("$") || name.startsWith("$dynamic$")) {
+                regularServices.add(service);
+            }
+        }
+        if (regularServices.size() == 0) {
+            throw new ServiceRuntimeException("No service is declared on component " + component.getURI());
+        }
+        if (regularServices.size() != 1) {
+            throw new ServiceRuntimeException("More than one service is declared on component " + component.getURI()
+                + ". Service name is required to get the service.");
+        }
+        targetService = regularServices.get(0);
+        return targetService;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/context/ComponentContextImpl.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/context/ComponentContextImpl.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..33de9f34bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/context/ComponentContextImpl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.context;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.io.Writer;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.AssemblyFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Binding;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Component;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.ComponentProperty;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.ComponentReference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.ComponentService;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Multiplicity;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.OptimizableBinding;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Reference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Service;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.context.PropertyValueFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.context.RequestContextFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly.CompositeActivator;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.ProxyFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.Interface;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.InterfaceContract;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.InterfaceContractMapper;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.InvalidInterfaceException;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.java.JavaInterface;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.java.JavaInterfaceFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponentContext;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponentReference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponentService;
+import org.osoa.sca.CallableReference;
+import org.osoa.sca.RequestContext;
+import org.osoa.sca.ServiceReference;
+import org.osoa.sca.ServiceRuntimeException;
+
+/**
+ * Implementation of ComponentContext that delegates to a ComponentContextProvider.
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class ComponentContextImpl implements RuntimeComponentContext {
+    private final RuntimeComponent component;
+
+    private final CompositeActivator compositeActivator;
+    private final RequestContextFactory requestContextFactory;
+    private final ProxyFactory proxyFactory;
+    private final AssemblyFactory assemblyFactory;
+    private final JavaInterfaceFactory javaInterfaceFactory;
+
+    /**
+     * This is a reference to the PropertyValueFactory that is provided by the Implementation
+     * that can be used to get the value from a Property Object.
+     * 
+     * @see #setPropertyValueFactory(PropertyValueFactory)
+     * @see #getProperty(Class, String)
+     */
+    private PropertyValueFactory propertyFactory;
+    
+    public ComponentContextImpl(CompositeActivator compositeActivator,
+                                AssemblyFactory assemblyFactory,
+                                ProxyFactory proxyFactory,
+                                InterfaceContractMapper interfaceContractMapper,
+                                RequestContextFactory requestContextFactory,
+                                JavaInterfaceFactory javaInterfaceFactory,
+                                RuntimeComponent component) {
+        super();
+        this.compositeActivator = compositeActivator;
+        this.assemblyFactory = assemblyFactory;
+        this.proxyFactory = proxyFactory;
+        this.requestContextFactory = requestContextFactory;
+        this.javaInterfaceFactory = javaInterfaceFactory;
+        this.component = component;
+    }
+
+    public String getURI() {
+        return component.getURI();
+    }
+
+    public <B, R extends CallableReference<B>> R cast(B target) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        return (R)proxyFactory.cast(target);
+    }
+
+    public <B> B getService(Class<B> businessInterface, String referenceName) {
+        ServiceReference<B> serviceRef = getServiceReference(businessInterface, referenceName);
+        return serviceRef.getService();
+    }
+
+    public <B> ServiceReference<B> getServiceReference(Class<B> businessInterface, String referenceName) {
+        try {
+            for (ComponentReference ref : component.getReferences()) {
+                if (referenceName.equals(ref.getName())) {
+                    return getServiceReference(businessInterface, (RuntimeComponentReference)ref, null);
+                }
+            }
+            throw new ServiceRuntimeException("Reference not found: " + referenceName);
+        } catch (ServiceRuntimeException e) {
+            throw e;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new ServiceRuntimeException(e.getMessage(), e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The Implementation is responsible for calling this method to set the 
+     * PropertyValueFactory that is used to get the Property Value from 
+     * a Tuscany Property object.
+     *   
+     * @param factory The PropertyValueFactory to use
+     * 
+     * @see #getProperty(Class, String)
+     */
+    public void setPropertyValueFactory(PropertyValueFactory factory) {
+        propertyFactory = factory;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the value for the specified property with the specified type.
+     * 
+     * @param type The type of the property value we are getting
+     * @param propertyName The name of the property we are getting
+     * @param B The class of the property value we are getting
+     * 
+     * @throws ServiceRuntimeException If a Property for the specified propertyName
+     *         is not found 
+     *         
+     * @see #setPropertyValueFactory(PropertyValueFactory)         
+     */
+    public <B> B getProperty(Class<B> type, String propertyName) {
+        for (ComponentProperty p : component.getProperties()) {
+            if (propertyName.equals(p.getName())) {
+                return propertyFactory.createPropertyValue(p, type);
+            }
+        }
+        throw new ServiceRuntimeException("Property not found: " + propertyName);
+    }
+
+    public <B> ServiceReference<B> createSelfReference(Class<B> businessInterface) {
+        ComponentService service = ComponentContextHelper.getSingleService(component);
+        try {
+            return createSelfReference(businessInterface, service);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new ServiceRuntimeException(e.getMessage(), e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public <B> ServiceReference<B> createSelfReference(Class<B> businessInterface, String serviceName) {
+        try {
+            for (ComponentService service : component.getServices()) {
+                if (serviceName.equals(service.getName())) {
+                    return createSelfReference(businessInterface, service);
+                }
+            }
+            throw new ServiceRuntimeException("Service not found: " + serviceName);
+        } catch (ServiceRuntimeException e) {
+            throw e;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new ServiceRuntimeException(e.getMessage(), e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param <B>
+     * @param businessInterface
+     * @param service
+     * @return
+     */
+    public <B> ServiceReference<B> createSelfReference(Class<B> businessInterface, ComponentService service) {
+        try {
+            RuntimeComponentReference ref =
+                (RuntimeComponentReference)createSelfReference(component, service, businessInterface);
+            ref.setComponent(component);
+            return getServiceReference(businessInterface, ref, null);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new ServiceRuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public RequestContext getRequestContext() {
+        if (requestContextFactory != null) {
+            return requestContextFactory.createRequestContext();
+        } else {
+            return new RequestContextImpl(proxyFactory);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param businessInterface
+     * @param reference
+     * @return
+     * @throws CloneNotSupportedException
+     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+     */
+    public <B> ServiceReference<B> getServiceReference(Class<B> businessInterface, RuntimeComponentReference reference, Binding binding) {
+        try {
+            RuntimeComponentReference ref = (RuntimeComponentReference)reference;
+            InterfaceContract interfaceContract = reference.getInterfaceContract();
+            Reference componentTypeReference = reference.getReference();
+            if (componentTypeReference != null && componentTypeReference.getInterfaceContract() != null) {
+                interfaceContract = componentTypeReference.getInterfaceContract();
+            }
+            InterfaceContract refInterfaceContract = getInterfaceContract(interfaceContract, businessInterface);
+            if (refInterfaceContract != interfaceContract) {
+                ref = (RuntimeComponentReference)reference.clone();
+                ref.setInterfaceContract(interfaceContract);
+            }
+            ref.setComponent(component);
+            return new ServiceReferenceImpl<B>(businessInterface, component, ref, binding, proxyFactory, compositeActivator);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new ServiceRuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }    
+
+    /**
+     * Bind a component reference to a component service
+     * @param <B>
+     * @param businessInterface
+     * @param reference
+     * @param service
+     * @return
+     * @throws CloneNotSupportedException
+     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+     */
+    public <B> ServiceReference<B> getServiceReference(Class<B> businessInterface,
+                                                       RuntimeComponentReference reference,
+                                                       RuntimeComponent component,
+                                                       RuntimeComponentService service) {
+        try {
+            RuntimeComponentReference ref = (RuntimeComponentReference)reference.clone();
+            InterfaceContract interfaceContract = reference.getInterfaceContract();
+            Reference componentTypeReference = reference.getReference();
+            if (componentTypeReference != null && componentTypeReference.getInterfaceContract() != null) {
+                interfaceContract = componentTypeReference.getInterfaceContract();
+            }
+            InterfaceContract refInterfaceContract = getInterfaceContract(interfaceContract, businessInterface);
+            if (refInterfaceContract != interfaceContract) {
+                ref = (RuntimeComponentReference)reference.clone();
+                ref.setInterfaceContract(interfaceContract);
+            }
+            ref.getTargets().add(service);
+            ref.getBindings().clear();
+            for (Binding binding : service.getBindings()) {
+                if (binding instanceof OptimizableBinding) {
+                    OptimizableBinding optimizableBinding = (OptimizableBinding)((OptimizableBinding)binding).clone();
+                    optimizableBinding.setTargetBinding(binding);
+                    optimizableBinding.setTargetComponent(component);
+                    optimizableBinding.setTargetComponentService(service);
+                    ref.getBindings().add(optimizableBinding);
+                } else {
+                    ref.getBindings().add(binding);
+                }
+            }
+            return new ServiceReferenceImpl<B>(businessInterface, component, ref, proxyFactory, compositeActivator);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new ServiceRuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public <B> CallableReference<B> getCallableReference(Class<B> businessInterface,
+                                                         RuntimeComponent component,
+                                                         RuntimeComponentService service) {
+        try {
+            if (businessInterface == null) {
+                InterfaceContract contract = service.getInterfaceContract();
+                businessInterface = (Class<B>)((JavaInterface)contract.getInterface()).getJavaClass();
+            }
+            RuntimeComponentReference ref =
+                (RuntimeComponentReference)createSelfReference(component, service, businessInterface);
+            ref.setComponent(component);
+            return new CallableReferenceImpl<B>(businessInterface, component, ref, null, proxyFactory,
+                                                compositeActivator);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new ServiceRuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a self-reference for a component service
+     * @param component
+     * @param service
+     * @throws CloneNotSupportedException 
+     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException 
+     */
+    private ComponentReference createSelfReference(Component component,
+                                                   ComponentService service,
+                                                   Class<?> businessInterface) throws CloneNotSupportedException,
+        InvalidInterfaceException {
+        ComponentReference componentReference = assemblyFactory.createComponentReference();
+        componentReference.setName("$self$." + service.getName());
+        for (Binding binding : service.getBindings()) {
+            if (binding instanceof OptimizableBinding) {
+                OptimizableBinding optimizableBinding = (OptimizableBinding)((OptimizableBinding)binding).clone();
+                optimizableBinding.setTargetBinding(binding);
+                optimizableBinding.setTargetComponent(component);
+                optimizableBinding.setTargetComponentService(service);
+                componentReference.getBindings().add(optimizableBinding);
+            } else {
+                componentReference.getBindings().add(binding);
+            }
+        }
+
+        componentReference.setCallback(service.getCallback());
+        componentReference.getTargets().add(service);
+        componentReference.getPolicySets().addAll(service.getPolicySets());
+        componentReference.getRequiredIntents().addAll(service.getRequiredIntents());
+
+        InterfaceContract interfaceContract = service.getInterfaceContract();
+        Service componentTypeService = service.getService();
+        if (componentTypeService != null && componentTypeService.getInterfaceContract() != null) {
+            interfaceContract = componentTypeService.getInterfaceContract();
+        }
+        interfaceContract = getInterfaceContract(interfaceContract, businessInterface);
+        componentReference.setInterfaceContract(interfaceContract);
+        componentReference.setMultiplicity(Multiplicity.ONE_ONE);
+        // component.getReferences().add(componentReference);
+        return componentReference;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param interfaceContract
+     * @param businessInterface
+     * @return
+     * @throws CloneNotSupportedException
+     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+     */
+    private InterfaceContract getInterfaceContract(InterfaceContract interfaceContract, Class<?> businessInterface)
+        throws CloneNotSupportedException, InvalidInterfaceException {
+        Interface interfaze = interfaceContract.getInterface();
+        boolean compatible = false;
+        if (interfaze instanceof JavaInterface) {
+            Class<?> cls = ((JavaInterface)interfaze).getJavaClass();
+            if (businessInterface.isAssignableFrom(cls)) {
+                compatible = true;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!compatible) {
+            // The interface is not assignable from the interface contract
+            interfaceContract = javaInterfaceFactory.createJavaInterfaceContract();
+            JavaInterface callInterface = javaInterfaceFactory.createJavaInterface(businessInterface);
+            interfaceContract.setInterface(callInterface);
+            if (callInterface.getCallbackClass() != null) {
+                interfaceContract.setCallbackInterface(javaInterfaceFactory.createJavaInterface(callInterface
+                    .getCallbackClass()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return interfaceContract;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the compositeActivator
+     */
+    public CompositeActivator getCompositeActivator() {
+        return compositeActivator;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponentContext#start(org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponentReference)
+     */
+    public void start(RuntimeComponentReference reference) {
+        compositeActivator.start(component, reference);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponentContext#read(java.io.Reader)
+     */
+    public RuntimeComponent read(Reader reader) throws IOException {
+        RuntimeComponent component = compositeActivator.getComponentContextHelper().read(reader);
+        compositeActivator.configureComponentContext(component);
+        return component;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponentContext#write(org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponentReference, java.io.Writer)
+     */
+    public void write(RuntimeComponentReference reference, Writer writer) throws IOException {
+        compositeActivator.getComponentContextHelper().write(component, reference, writer);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/context/DefaultComponentContextFactory.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/context/DefaultComponentContextFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c5b68389b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/context/DefaultComponentContextFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.context;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.AssemblyFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.context.ComponentContextFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.context.RequestContextFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly.CompositeActivator;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.ProxyFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.InterfaceContractMapper;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.java.JavaInterfaceFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+import org.osoa.sca.ComponentContext;
+
+/**
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class DefaultComponentContextFactory implements ComponentContextFactory {
+    private final CompositeActivator compositeActivator;
+    private final RequestContextFactory requestContextFactory;
+    private final ProxyFactory proxyFactory;
+    private final AssemblyFactory assemblyFactory;
+    private final JavaInterfaceFactory javaInterfaceFactory;
+    private final InterfaceContractMapper interfaceContractMapper;
+
+    public DefaultComponentContextFactory(CompositeActivator compositeActivator,
+                                          AssemblyFactory assemblyFactory,
+                                          ProxyFactory proxyFactory,
+                                          InterfaceContractMapper interfaceContractMapper,
+                                          RequestContextFactory requestContextFactory,
+                                          JavaInterfaceFactory javaInterfaceFactory) {
+        super();
+        this.compositeActivator = compositeActivator;
+        this.assemblyFactory = assemblyFactory;
+        this.proxyFactory = proxyFactory;
+        this.requestContextFactory = requestContextFactory;
+        this.javaInterfaceFactory = javaInterfaceFactory;
+        this.interfaceContractMapper = interfaceContractMapper;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.context.ComponentContextFactory#createComponentContext(org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent, org.apache.tuscany.sca.context.RequestContextFactory)
+     */
+    public ComponentContext createComponentContext(RuntimeComponent component,
+                                                   RequestContextFactory requestContextFactory) {
+        if (requestContextFactory == null) {
+            requestContextFactory = this.requestContextFactory;
+        }
+        return new ComponentContextImpl(compositeActivator, assemblyFactory, proxyFactory, interfaceContractMapper,
+                                        requestContextFactory, javaInterfaceFactory, component);
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/context/InstanceWrapper.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/context/InstanceWrapper.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b577180291
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/context/InstanceWrapper.java
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.context;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope.TargetDestructionException;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope.TargetInitializationException;
+
+
+/**
+ * Provides lifecycle management for an implementation instance associated with
+ * a component for use by the component's associated {@link org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope.ScopeContainer}
+ * 
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public interface InstanceWrapper<T> {
+
+    /**
+     * @return
+     */
+    T getInstance();
+
+    /**
+     * @throws TargetInitializationException
+     */
+    void start() throws TargetInitializationException;
+
+    /**
+     * @throws TargetDestructionException
+     */
+    void stop() throws TargetDestructionException;
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/context/RequestContextImpl.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/context/RequestContextImpl.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e3dcd48179
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/context/RequestContextImpl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.context;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import javax.security.auth.Subject;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.CallbackReferenceImpl;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.ProxyFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.ThreadMessageContext;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.java.JavaInterface;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Message;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.EndpointReference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.ReferenceParameters;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponentReference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponentService;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeWire;
+import org.osoa.sca.CallableReference;
+import org.osoa.sca.RequestContext;
+
+/**
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class RequestContextImpl implements RequestContext {
+
+    private ProxyFactory proxyFactory;
+
+    public RequestContextImpl(ProxyFactory proxyFactory) {
+        this.proxyFactory = proxyFactory;
+    }
+
+    public Subject getSecuritySubject() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    public String getServiceName() {
+        return ThreadMessageContext.getMessageContext().getTo().getContract().getName();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public <B> CallableReference<B> getServiceReference() {
+        Message msgContext = ThreadMessageContext.getMessageContext();
+        // FIXME: [rfeng] Is this the service reference matching the caller side?
+        EndpointReference to = msgContext.getTo();
+        RuntimeComponentService service = (RuntimeComponentService) to.getContract();
+        RuntimeComponent component = (RuntimeComponent) to.getComponent();
+        
+        CallableReference<B> callableReference = component.getComponentContext().getCallableReference(null, component, service);
+        ReferenceParameters parameters = msgContext.getFrom().getReferenceParameters();
+        ((CallableReferenceImpl<B>) callableReference).attachCallbackID(parameters.getCallbackID());
+        if (callableReference.getConversation() != null) {
+            ((CallableReferenceImpl<B>) callableReference).attachConversationID(parameters.getConversationID());
+        }
+        return callableReference;
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public <CB> CB getCallback() {
+        CallableReference<CB> cb = getCallbackReference(); 
+        if (cb == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return cb.getService();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public <CB> CallableReference<CB> getCallbackReference() {
+        Message msgContext = ThreadMessageContext.getMessageContext();
+        EndpointReference to = msgContext.getTo();
+        RuntimeComponentService service = (RuntimeComponentService) to.getContract();
+        RuntimeComponentReference callbackReference = (RuntimeComponentReference)service.getCallbackReference();
+        if (callbackReference == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        JavaInterface javaInterface = (JavaInterface) callbackReference.getInterfaceContract().getInterface();
+        Class<CB> javaClass = (Class<CB>)javaInterface.getJavaClass();
+        List<RuntimeWire> wires = callbackReference.getRuntimeWires();
+        CallbackReferenceImpl ref = CallbackReferenceImpl.newInstance(javaClass, proxyFactory, wires);
+        if (ref != null) {  
+            //ref.resolveTarget();
+            ReferenceParameters parameters = msgContext.getFrom().getReferenceParameters();
+            ref.attachCallbackID(parameters.getCallbackID());
+            if (ref.getConversation() != null) {
+                ref.attachConversationID(parameters.getConversationID());
+            }
+        }
+        return ref;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/context/ServiceReferenceImpl.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/context/ServiceReferenceImpl.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..857a193260
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/context/ServiceReferenceImpl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.context;
+
+import javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamReader;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Binding;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly.CompositeActivator;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ConversationState;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.ProxyFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.EndpointReference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.ReferenceParameters;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponentReference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeWire;
+import org.osoa.sca.CallableReference;
+import org.osoa.sca.ServiceReference;
+
+/**
+ * Default implementation of a ServiceReference.
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ * @param <B> the type of the business interface
+ */
+public class ServiceReferenceImpl<B> extends CallableReferenceImpl<B> implements ServiceReference<B> {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 6763709434194361540L;
+
+    protected transient Object callback;
+
+    /*
+     * Public constructor for Externalizable serialization/deserialization
+     */
+    public ServiceReferenceImpl() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Public constructor for use by XMLStreamReader2CallableReference
+     */
+    public ServiceReferenceImpl(XMLStreamReader xmlReader) throws Exception {
+        super(xmlReader);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param businessInterface
+     * @param wire
+     * @param proxyFactory
+     */
+    public ServiceReferenceImpl(Class<B> businessInterface, RuntimeWire wire, ProxyFactory proxyFactory) {
+        super(businessInterface, wire, proxyFactory);
+    }
+
+    public ServiceReferenceImpl(Class<B> businessInterface,
+                                RuntimeComponent component,
+                                RuntimeComponentReference reference,
+                                ProxyFactory proxyFactory,
+                                CompositeActivator compositeActivator) {
+        super(businessInterface, component, reference, null, proxyFactory, compositeActivator);
+    }
+
+    public ServiceReferenceImpl(Class<B> businessInterface,
+                                RuntimeComponent component,
+                                RuntimeComponentReference reference,
+                                Binding binding,
+                                ProxyFactory proxyFactory,
+                                CompositeActivator compositeActivator) {
+        super(businessInterface, component, reference, binding, proxyFactory, compositeActivator);
+    }
+
+    public Object getConversationID() {
+        return conversationID;
+    }
+
+    public void setConversationID(Object conversationID) throws IllegalStateException {
+        if (conversation == null || conversation.getState() != ConversationState.ENDED) {
+            this.conversationID = conversationID;
+            this.conversation = null;
+        } else {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Trying to set the conversationId on a service reference but the state of the conversation " 
+                + conversation.getConversationID()
+                + " is "
+                + conversation.getState());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void setCallbackID(Object callbackID) {
+        this.callbackID = callbackID;
+    }
+
+    public Object getCallback() {
+        return callback;
+    }
+
+    public void setCallback(Object callback) {
+        if (callback != null && !(callback instanceof CallableReference)) {
+            //FIXME: need to check if callback object supports the callback interface
+            // returned by reference.getInterfaceContract().getCallbackInterface()
+        }
+        this.callback = callback;
+    }
+
+    protected ReferenceParameters getReferenceParameters() {
+        ReferenceParameters parameters = super.getReferenceParameters();
+        if (callback != null) {
+            if (callback instanceof ServiceReference) {
+                EndpointReference callbackRef = ((CallableReferenceImpl)callback).getEndpointReference();
+                parameters.setCallbackReference(callbackRef);
+            } else {
+                EndpointReference callbackRef = getRuntimeWire().getSource().getCallbackEndpoint();
+                parameters.setCallbackReference(callbackRef);
+                parameters.setCallbackObjectID(callback);
+            }
+        }
+        return parameters;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/conversation/ConversationListener.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/conversation/ConversationListener.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..efa362a929
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/conversation/ConversationListener.java
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation;
+
+/**
+ * Listener for the events of a conversation
+ * 
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public interface ConversationListener {
+    /**
+     * The conversation is started
+     */
+    void conversationStarted(ExtendedConversation conversation);
+    /**
+     * The conversation is ended
+     */
+    void conversationEnded(ExtendedConversation conversation);
+    /**
+     * The conversation is expired
+     */
+    void conversationExpired(ExtendedConversation conversation);
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/conversation/ConversationManager.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/conversation/ConversationManager.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..28e22b4f2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/conversation/ConversationManager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation;
+
+/**
+ * The manager of conversations
+ * 
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public interface ConversationManager {
+    /**
+     * @param conversationID
+     * @return
+     */
+    ExtendedConversation startConversation(Object conversationID);
+
+    /**
+     * @param conversationID
+     */
+    void endConversation(Object conversationID);
+
+    /**
+     * @param conversationID
+     * @return
+     */
+    ExtendedConversation getConversation(Object conversationID);
+
+    /**
+     * @param conversationID
+     */
+    void expireConversation(Object conversationID);
+
+    /**
+     * Add a listener to this conversation
+     * @param listener
+     */
+    void addListener(ConversationListener listener);
+
+    /**
+     * Remove a listener from this conversation
+     * @param listener
+     */
+    void removeListener(ConversationListener listener);
+    
+    /**
+     * @return the default max age for a conversation
+     */
+    long getMaxAge();
+    
+    /**
+     * @return the default max idle time for a conversation
+     */
+    long getMaxIdleTime();
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/conversation/ConversationManagerImpl.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/conversation/ConversationManagerImpl.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0aa9430666
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/conversation/ConversationManagerImpl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation;
+
+import java.security.AccessController;
+import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+/**
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class ConversationManagerImpl implements ConversationManager {
+	
+    private List<ConversationListener> listeners = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<ConversationListener>());
+    private Map<Object, ExtendedConversation> conversations = new ConcurrentHashMap<Object, ExtendedConversation>();
+
+    /**
+     * the default max age. this is set to 1 hour
+     */
+    private static final long DEFAULT_MAX_AGE = 60 * 60 * 1000; ;
+    
+    /**
+     * the default max idle time. this is set to 1 hour
+     */
+    private static final long DEFAULT_MAX_IDLE_TIME = 60 * 60 * 1000; 
+    
+    /**
+     * the globally used max age
+     */
+    private final long maxAge;
+
+    /**
+     * the globally used max idle time
+     */
+    private final long maxIdleTime; 
+
+    /**
+     * the reaper thread
+     */
+    private final ScheduledExecutorService scheduler = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();
+    
+    /**
+     * constructor
+     */
+    public ConversationManagerImpl() {
+    	long mit = DEFAULT_MAX_IDLE_TIME;
+    	long ma = DEFAULT_MAX_AGE;
+    	
+    	// Allow privileged access to read system property. Requires PropertyPermission in security
+        // policy.
+        String aProperty = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<String>() {
+            public String run() {
+                return System.getProperty("org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope.ConversationalScopeContainer.MaxIdleTime");
+            }
+        });
+    	if (aProperty != null) {
+    		try {
+    			mit = (new Long(aProperty) * 1000);
+    		} catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
+    			// Ignore
+    		}
+    	}
+
+    	// Allow privileged access to read system property. Requires PropertyPermission in security
+        // policy.
+        aProperty = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<String>() {
+            public String run() {
+                return System.getProperty("org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope.ConversationalScopeContainer.MaxAge");
+            }
+        });
+        if (aProperty != null) {
+            try {
+                ma = (new Long(aProperty) * 1000);
+            } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
+                // Ignore
+            }
+        }
+
+        maxAge = ma;
+        maxIdleTime = mit;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ConversationManager#addListener(org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ConversationListener)
+     */
+    public void addListener(ConversationListener listener) {
+        listeners.add(listener);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ConversationManager#endConversation(org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ExtendedConversation)
+     */
+    public void endConversation(Object conversationID) {
+        ExtendedConversation conv = getConversation(conversationID);
+        if (conv != null) {
+            conv.setState(ConversationState.ENDED);
+            for (ConversationListener listener : listeners) {
+                listener.conversationEnded(conv);
+            }
+            conv.setConversationID(null);
+            conversations.remove(conversationID);
+        } else {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Conversation " + conversationID + " doesn't exist.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void expireConversation(Object conversationID) {
+        ExtendedConversation conv = getConversation(conversationID);
+        if (conv != null) {
+            for (ConversationListener listener : listeners) {
+                listener.conversationExpired(conv);
+            }
+            conversations.remove(conversationID);
+        } else {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Conversation " + conversationID + " doesn't exist.");
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ConversationManager#getConversation(java.lang.Object)
+     */
+    public ExtendedConversation getConversation(Object conversationID) {
+        return conversations.get(conversationID);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ConversationManager#removeListener(org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ConversationListener)
+     */
+    public void removeListener(ConversationListener listener) {
+        listeners.remove(listener);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * starts the reaper thread
+     */
+    public void scheduleConversation(ExtendedConversationImpl aConversation, long time)
+    {
+    	this.scheduler.schedule(aConversation, time, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * stops the reaper thread
+     */
+    public synchronized void stopReaper() {
+
+        // Prevent the scheduler from submitting any additional reapers, 
+    	// initiate an orderly shutdown if a reaper task is in progress. 
+    	this.scheduler.shutdown();
+    }
+    
+
+    /**
+     * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ConversationManager#startConversation(java.lang.Object)
+     */
+    public ExtendedConversation startConversation(Object conversationID) {
+    	
+        if (conversationID == null) {
+            conversationID = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
+        }
+        ExtendedConversation conversation = getConversation(conversationID);
+        if (conversation != null && conversation.getState() != ConversationState.ENDED) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(conversation + " already exists.");
+        }
+                
+        conversation = new ExtendedConversationImpl(
+        		this, conversationID, ConversationState.STARTED);
+        conversations.put(conversationID, conversation);
+        for (ConversationListener listener : listeners) {
+            listener.conversationStarted(conversation);
+        }
+        return conversation;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * return the default max idle time
+     * @param impProvider the implementation Provider to extract any ConversationAttribute details
+     */
+    public long getMaxIdleTime() {
+        return maxIdleTime;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * returns the default max age
+     * @param impProvider the implementation Provider to extract any ConversationAttribute details
+     */
+    public long getMaxAge(){
+        return maxAge;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/conversation/ConversationState.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/conversation/ConversationState.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..692d6861ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/conversation/ConversationState.java
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation;
+
+/**
+ * The states of a conversation
+ * 
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public enum ConversationState {
+    STARTED, ENDED, EXPIRED
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/conversation/ExtendedConversation.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/conversation/ExtendedConversation.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..03c18c26b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/conversation/ExtendedConversation.java
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+import org.osoa.sca.Conversation;
+
+/**
+ * An extended interface over org.osoa.Conversation
+ * 
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public interface ExtendedConversation extends Conversation {
+    /**
+     * Get the state of a conversation
+     * @return The state
+     */
+    ConversationState getState();
+
+    /**
+     * @param state the state to set
+     */
+    void setState(ConversationState state);
+
+    /**
+     * @param conversationID the conversationID to set
+     */
+    void setConversationID(Object conversationID);
+    
+    
+    /**
+     * will check whether this conversation has expired and update state if it has 
+     * @return true if it has expired
+     */
+    boolean isExpired();
+    
+    /**
+     * updates the last time this conversation was referenced
+     */
+    void updateLastReferencedTime();
+    
+    void initializeConversationAttributes(RuntimeComponent targetComponent);
+
+    
+    /**
+     * @return true if the conversational attributes have been initialized
+     */
+    boolean conversationalAttributesInitialized();
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/conversation/ExtendedConversationImpl.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/conversation/ExtendedConversationImpl.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0bf66b2817
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/conversation/ExtendedConversationImpl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope.ScopedImplementationProvider;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.provider.ImplementationProvider;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+
+
+/**
+ * 
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class ExtendedConversationImpl implements ExtendedConversation, Runnable {
+	
+    private final ConversationManagerImpl manager;
+    private volatile Object conversationID;
+    private ConversationState state;
+
+    /**
+     * syncs access to the state
+     */
+    private final Object stateSync = new Object();
+    
+    /**
+     * the maximum time a conversation can exist
+     */
+    private long expirationTime = 0;
+    
+    /**
+     * the maximum time this conversation can be idle
+     */
+    private long maxIdleTime = 0;
+    
+    /**
+     * the maximum age of this conversation
+     */
+    private long maxAge = 0;
+    
+    /**
+     * the time that this object was created 
+     */
+    private long creationTime;    
+
+    /**
+     * the time that this object was last referenced 
+     */
+    private long lastReferencedTime;
+    
+    /**
+     * boolean to ensure expiry only occurs once
+     */
+    private boolean expired = false;
+    
+    /**
+     * boolean to indicate if the conversation attributes have 
+     * been set. In the case where a remote binding is used 
+     * within a composite the JDKInvocationHandler can create the 
+     * conversation but the conversationAttributes are not available
+     * until the conversation is retrieved by the RuntimeWireInvoker
+     */
+    private boolean conversationAttributesInitialized = false;    
+    
+    /**
+     * Constructor
+     * @param manager the conversation manager
+     * @param conversationID the conversation id associated with this conversation
+     * @param state the initial state of this conversation
+     * @param aMaxAge the maximum age of the conversation
+     * @param aMaxIdleTime the maximum idle time
+     */
+    public ExtendedConversationImpl(ConversationManagerImpl manager, 
+    			Object conversationID, ConversationState state) {
+        super();
+        
+        this.creationTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        this.lastReferencedTime = creationTime;
+        this.manager = manager;
+        this.conversationID = conversationID;
+        this.state = state;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * will check whether this conversation has expired and update state if it has 
+     * @return true if it has expired
+     */
+    public boolean isExpired() {
+        long currentTime;
+        synchronized (stateSync) {
+
+            // if the attributes haven't been initialized then
+            // this conversation object can't expire
+            if (conversationAttributesInitialized == false) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // check state first
+            if (state == ConversationState.EXPIRED) {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            // check whether the time is finished
+            currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+            if (((this.lastReferencedTime + this.maxIdleTime) <= currentTime)
+                    || (this.expirationTime <= currentTime)) {
+                setState(ConversationState.EXPIRED);
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        scheduleNextExpiryTime(currentTime);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * schedule next expiry time
+     */
+    public void scheduleNextExpiryTime(long currentTime) {
+    	if ((lastReferencedTime + maxIdleTime) < expirationTime){ 
+    		manager.scheduleConversation(this, (lastReferencedTime + maxIdleTime) - currentTime);
+        } else {
+    		manager.scheduleConversation(this, expirationTime - currentTime);
+    	}
+    }
+    /**
+     * updates the last time this conversation was referenced
+     */
+    public void updateLastReferencedTime() {
+        this.lastReferencedTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        if (conversationAttributesInitialized == true){
+            scheduleNextExpiryTime(lastReferencedTime);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public ConversationState getState() {
+    	synchronized (stateSync){
+    		return state;
+    	}
+    }
+
+    public void end() {
+        manager.endConversation(conversationID);
+    }
+
+    public Object getConversationID() {
+        return conversationID;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param state the state to set
+     */
+    public void setState(ConversationState state) {
+    	synchronized (stateSync){
+    		this.state = state;
+    	}
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param conversationID the conversationID to set
+     */
+    public void setConversationID(Object conversationID) {
+    	synchronized (stateSync){
+    		if (state != ConversationState.ENDED) {
+    			throw new IllegalStateException("The state of conversation " + conversationID + " " + state);
+    		}
+    	}
+        this.conversationID = conversationID;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * @param maxAge the maximum age of this conversation
+     */
+    public void initializeConversationAttributes(RuntimeComponent targetComponent){
+        if (targetComponent != null){ 
+            this.maxAge = getMaxIdleTime(targetComponent.getImplementationProvider());
+            this.maxIdleTime = getMaxAge(targetComponent.getImplementationProvider());
+            this.expirationTime = creationTime + maxAge;
+            this.conversationAttributesInitialized = true;
+        }        
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * @return true if the conversational attributes have been initialized
+     */
+    public boolean conversationalAttributesInitialized(){
+        return this.conversationAttributesInitialized;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * return the max idle time
+     * @param impProvider the implementation Provider to extract any ConversationAttribute details
+     */
+    private long getMaxIdleTime(ImplementationProvider impProvider) {
+        // Check to see if the maxIdleTime has been specified using @ConversationAttributes.  
+        // Implementation annotated attributes are honoured first.
+        if ((impProvider != null) &&
+            (impProvider instanceof ScopedImplementationProvider)) {
+            ScopedImplementationProvider aScopedImpl =
+                (ScopedImplementationProvider) impProvider;
+            
+            long maxIdleTime = aScopedImpl.getMaxIdleTime();
+            if (maxIdleTime > 0) {
+                return maxIdleTime;
+            }
+        }
+        return manager.getMaxIdleTime();
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * returns the max age
+     * @param impProvider the implementation Provider to extract any ConversationAttribute details
+     */
+    private long getMaxAge(ImplementationProvider impProvider){
+
+        // Check to see if the maxAge has been specified using @ConversationAttributes.  
+        // Implementation annotated attributes are honoured first.
+        if ((impProvider != null) &&
+            (impProvider instanceof ScopedImplementationProvider)) {
+            ScopedImplementationProvider aScopedImpl =
+                (ScopedImplementationProvider) impProvider;
+
+            long maxAge = aScopedImpl.getMaxAge();
+            if (maxAge > 0) {
+                return maxAge;
+            }
+        }
+        return manager.getMaxAge();
+    }     
+
+    /**
+     * called when expiring
+     */
+    public void run() {
+        synchronized (stateSync){
+        	if (!expired){
+        		if (isExpired()) {
+        		    expired = true;
+        			try {
+        				manager.expireConversation(getConversationID());
+        			} catch (IllegalStateException ise) {
+        				// ignore this.. this can occur if another thread has subsequently ended
+        				// the conversation
+        			}
+        		}
+        	}
+        }
+        
+    }
+    
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/BaseEventPublisher.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/BaseEventPublisher.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..517e5579a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/BaseEventPublisher.java
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.event;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.event.Event;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.event.EventFilter;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.event.EventPublisher;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.event.RuntimeEventListener;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.event.TrueFilter;
+
+/**
+ * Base implementation of an <code>EventPublisher</code>
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public abstract class BaseEventPublisher implements EventPublisher {
+    protected static final EventFilter TRUE_FILTER = new TrueFilter();
+    protected Map<EventFilter, List<RuntimeEventListener>> listeners;
+
+    public void addListener(RuntimeEventListener listener) {
+        addListener(TRUE_FILTER, listener);
+    }
+
+    public void removeListener(RuntimeEventListener listener) {
+        assert listener != null : "Listener cannot be null";
+        synchronized (getListeners()) {
+            for (List<RuntimeEventListener> currentList : getListeners().values()) {
+                for (RuntimeEventListener current : currentList) {
+                    if (current == listener) {
+                        currentList.remove(current);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void addListener(EventFilter filter, RuntimeEventListener listener) {
+        assert listener != null : "Listener cannot be null";
+        synchronized (getListeners()) {
+            List<RuntimeEventListener> list = getListeners().get(filter);
+            if (list == null) {
+                list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<RuntimeEventListener>();
+                listeners.put(filter, list);
+            }
+            list.add(listener);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void publish(Event event) {
+        assert event != null : "Event object was null";
+        for (Map.Entry<EventFilter, List<RuntimeEventListener>> entry : getListeners().entrySet()) {
+            if (entry.getKey().match(event)) {
+                for (RuntimeEventListener listener : entry.getValue()) {
+                    listener.onEvent(event);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected Map<EventFilter, List<RuntimeEventListener>> getListeners() {
+        if (listeners == null) {
+            listeners = new ConcurrentHashMap<EventFilter, List<RuntimeEventListener>>();
+        }
+        return listeners;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/ComponentStart.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/ComponentStart.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..45eab7da1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/ComponentStart.java
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.event;
+
+import java.net.URI;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.event.Event;
+
+/**
+ * Propagated when a component starts
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class ComponentStart implements Event {
+
+    private Object source;
+    private URI uri;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a component start event
+     *
+     * @param source       the source of the event
+     * @param componentURI the URI of the component being started
+     */
+    public ComponentStart(Object source, URI componentURI) {
+        this.source = source;
+        this.uri = componentURI;
+    }
+
+    public URI getComponentURI() {
+        return uri;
+    }
+    
+    public Object getSource() {
+        return source;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/ComponentStop.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/ComponentStop.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc79c3844
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/ComponentStop.java
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.event;
+
+import java.net.URI;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.event.Event;
+
+/**
+ * Propagated when a component stops
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class ComponentStop implements Event {
+
+    private Object source; 
+    private URI uri;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a component stop event
+     *
+     * @param source    the source of the event
+     * @param componentUri the composite component associated the component being stopped
+     */
+    public ComponentStop(Object source, URI componentUri) {
+        this.source = source;
+        this.uri = componentUri;
+    }
+
+    public URI getComponentURI() {
+        return uri;
+    }
+    
+    public Object getSource() {
+        return source;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/ConversationEnd.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/ConversationEnd.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d3106c7052
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/ConversationEnd.java
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.event;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.event.Event;
+
+
+
+/**
+ * Propagated when a conversation is expired
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class ConversationEnd implements Event {
+    
+    private Object source;
+    private Object id;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new event
+     *
+     * @param source the source of the event
+     * @param id     the id of the conversation being ended
+     */
+    public ConversationEnd(Object source, Object id) {
+        this.source = source;
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    public Object getSource() {
+        return source;
+    }
+    
+    public Object getConversationID() {
+        return id;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/ConversationStart.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/ConversationStart.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..123400fbdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/ConversationStart.java
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.event;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.event.Event;
+
+
+/**
+ * Propagated when a conversation has started
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class ConversationStart implements Event {
+    
+    private Object source;
+    private Object id;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new event
+     *
+     * @param source the source of the event
+     * @param id     the id of the conversation being started
+     */
+    public ConversationStart(Object source, Object id) {
+        this.source = source;
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    public Object getSource() {
+        return source;
+    }
+    
+    public Object getConversationID() {
+        return id;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/HttpSessionEnd.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/HttpSessionEnd.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..68cb5c2966
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/HttpSessionEnd.java
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.event;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.event.Event;
+
+
+
+/**
+ * Propagated when an HTTP-based session is expired
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class HttpSessionEnd implements Event {
+    
+    private Object source;
+    private Object id;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new event
+     *
+     * @param source the source of the event
+     * @param id     the id of the HTTP session being ended
+     */
+    public HttpSessionEnd(Object source, Object id) {
+        this.source = source;
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    public Object getSource() {
+        return source;
+    }
+    
+    public Object getSessionID() {
+        return id;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/HttpSessionStart.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/HttpSessionStart.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..38a4fb10d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/HttpSessionStart.java
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.event;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.event.Event;
+
+
+/**
+ * Propagated when an HTTP-based session has started
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class HttpSessionStart implements Event {
+    
+    private Object source;
+    private Object id;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new event
+     *
+     * @param source the source of the event
+     * @param id     the id of the HTTP session being started
+     */
+    public HttpSessionStart(Object source, Object id) {
+        this.source = source;
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    public Object getSource() {
+        return source;
+    }
+    
+    public Object getSessionID() {
+        return id;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/RequestEnd.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/RequestEnd.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d7e797bbb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/RequestEnd.java
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.event;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.event.Event;
+
+/**
+ * Propagated when a request completes or is ended
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class RequestEnd implements Event {
+
+    private Object source;
+    
+    /**
+     * Creates a new event
+     *
+     * @param source the source of the event
+     */
+    public RequestEnd(Object source) {
+        this.source = source;
+    }
+    
+    public Object getSource() {
+        return source;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/RequestStart.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/RequestStart.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7530156b11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/RequestStart.java
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.event;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.event.Event;
+
+/**
+ * Propagated when a request is started in the runtime
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class RequestStart implements Event {
+    
+    private Object source;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new event
+     *
+     * @param source the source of the event
+     */
+    public RequestStart(Object source) {
+        this.source = source;
+    }
+
+    public Object getSource() {
+        return source;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/factory/ObjectCreationException.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/factory/ObjectCreationException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d35b27fd24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/factory/ObjectCreationException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.factory;
+
+
+/**
+ * Denotes an error creating a new object instance
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class ObjectCreationException extends RuntimeException {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = -6423113430265944499L;
+
+    public ObjectCreationException() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    public ObjectCreationException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+        super(message, cause);
+    }
+
+    public ObjectCreationException(String message) {
+        super(message);
+    }
+
+    public ObjectCreationException(Throwable cause) {
+        super(cause);
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/factory/ObjectFactory.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/factory/ObjectFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f64d2405b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/factory/ObjectFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.factory;
+
+/**
+ * Implementations create new instances of a particular type
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public interface ObjectFactory<T> {
+
+    /**
+     * Return a instance of the type that this factory creates.
+     *
+     * @return a instance from this factory
+     */
+    T getInstance() throws ObjectCreationException;
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/CallableReferenceObjectFactory.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/CallableReferenceObjectFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..588c43b8b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/CallableReferenceObjectFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Binding;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.factory.ObjectCreationException;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.factory.ObjectFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponentReference;
+import org.osoa.sca.CallableReference;
+
+/**
+ * Uses a wire to return a CallableReference
+ * 
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class CallableReferenceObjectFactory implements ObjectFactory<CallableReference<?>> {
+    private Class<?> businessInterface;
+    private RuntimeComponent component;
+    private RuntimeComponentReference reference;
+    private Binding binding;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     * 
+     * To support the @Reference protected CallableReference<MyService> ref;
+     * 
+     * @param businessInterface the interface to inject
+     * @param component the component defining the reference to be injected
+     * @param reference the reference to be injected
+     * @param binding the binding for the reference
+     */
+    public CallableReferenceObjectFactory(Class<?> businessInterface,
+                                          RuntimeComponent component,
+                                          RuntimeComponentReference reference,
+                                          Binding binding) {
+        this.businessInterface = businessInterface;
+        this.component = component;
+        this.reference = reference;
+        this.binding = binding;
+    }
+
+    public CallableReference<?> getInstance() throws ObjectCreationException {
+        return component.getComponentContext().getServiceReference(businessInterface, reference, binding);
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/CallbackInterfaceInterceptor.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/CallbackInterfaceInterceptor.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d19aa237cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/CallbackInterfaceInterceptor.java
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Interceptor;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Invoker;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Message;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.ReferenceParameters;
+import org.osoa.sca.NoRegisteredCallbackException;
+
+/**
+ * An interceptor applied to the forward direction of a wire that ensures the callback target implements the required
+ * service contract. This is required as callback targets may be set dynamically by service implementations.
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class CallbackInterfaceInterceptor implements Interceptor {
+    private Invoker next;
+
+    public CallbackInterfaceInterceptor() {
+    }
+
+    public Message invoke(Message msg) {
+        ReferenceParameters parameters = msg.getFrom().getReferenceParameters();
+        if (parameters.getCallbackObjectID() != null || parameters.getCallbackReference() != msg.getFrom()
+            .getCallbackEndpoint()) {
+            return next.invoke(msg);
+        } else {
+            throw new NoRegisteredCallbackException("Callback target does not implement the callback interface");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void setNext(Invoker next) {
+        this.next = next;
+    }
+
+    public Invoker getNext() {
+        return next;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/CallbackReferenceImpl.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/CallbackReferenceImpl.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dcc1312a3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/CallbackReferenceImpl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+/*

+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one

+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file

+ * distributed with this work for additional information

+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file

+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the

+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance

+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

+ * 

+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

+ * 

+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,

+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an

+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY

+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the

+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations

+ * under the License.    

+ */

+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation;

+

+import java.io.IOException;

+import java.io.ObjectInput;

+import java.io.ObjectOutput;

+import java.util.List;

+

+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Binding;

+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Component;

+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.ComponentService;

+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Contract;

+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.OptimizableBinding;

+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly.EndpointReferenceImpl;

+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly.RuntimeComponentReferenceImpl;

+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly.RuntimeWireImpl;

+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.context.CallableReferenceImpl;

+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.context.ComponentContextHelper;

+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.InterfaceContract;

+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.java.JavaInterface;

+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Message;

+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.EndpointReference;

+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;

+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponentReference;

+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponentService;

+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeWire;

+

+/**

+ * Returns proxy instance for a wire callback

+ *

+ * @version $Rev: 576055 $ $Date: 2007-09-16 08:11:45 +0100 (Sun, 16 Sep 2007) $

+ */

+public class CallbackReferenceImpl<B> extends CallableReferenceImpl<B> {

+    private RuntimeWire wire;

+    private List<RuntimeWire> wires;

+    private EndpointReference resolvedEndpoint;

+	private Object convID;

+

+    public static CallbackReferenceImpl newInstance(Class interfaze,

+                                                    ProxyFactory proxyFactory,

+                                                    List<RuntimeWire> wires) {

+        if (getCallbackEndpoint(ThreadMessageContext.getMessageContext()) != null) {

+            return new CallbackReferenceImpl(interfaze, proxyFactory, wires);

+        } else {

+            return null;

+        }

+    }

+

+    /**

+     * Public constructor for Externalizable serialization/deserialization.

+     */

+    public CallbackReferenceImpl() {

+        super();

+    }

+

+    private CallbackReferenceImpl(Class<B> interfaze, ProxyFactory proxyFactory, List<RuntimeWire> wires) {

+        super(interfaze, null, proxyFactory);

+        this.wires = wires;

+		init();

+    }

+

+    public void init() {

+        Message msgContext = ThreadMessageContext.getMessageContext();

+        wire = selectCallbackWire(msgContext);

+        if (wire == null) {

+            //FIXME: need better exception

+            throw new RuntimeException("No callback binding found for " + msgContext.getTo().getURI());

+        }

+        resolvedEndpoint = getCallbackEndpoint(msgContext);

+        convID = msgContext.getFrom().getReferenceParameters().getConversationID();

+        callbackID = msgContext.getFrom().getReferenceParameters().getCallbackID();

+    }

+

+    @Override

+    protected Object createProxy() throws Exception {

+        return proxyFactory.createCallbackProxy(this);

+	}

+

+    protected RuntimeWire getCallbackWire() {

+        if (resolvedEndpoint == null) {

+            return null;

+        } else {

+            return cloneAndBind(wire);

+		}

+    }

+

+    protected Object getConvID() {

+	    return convID;

+	}

+

+    protected EndpointReference getResolvedEndpoint() {

+	    return resolvedEndpoint;

+	}

+

+    private RuntimeWire selectCallbackWire(Message msgContext) {

+        // look for callback binding with same name as service binding

+        EndpointReference to = msgContext.getTo();

+        if (to == null) {

+            //FIXME: need better exception

+            throw new RuntimeException("Destination for forward call is not available");

+        }

+        for (RuntimeWire wire : wires) {

+            if (wire.getSource().getBinding().getName().equals(to.getBinding().getName())) {

+			    return wire;

+            }

+        }

+

+        // if no match, look for callback binding with same type as service binding

+        for (RuntimeWire wire : wires) {

+            if (wire.getSource().getBinding().getClass() == to.getBinding().getClass()) {

+			    return wire;

+            }

+        }

+

+        // no suitable callback wire was found

+        return null;

+    }

+

+    /**

+     * @param msgContext

+     */

+    private static EndpointReference getCallbackEndpoint(Message msgContext) {

+        EndpointReference from = msgContext.getFrom();

+        if (from == null) {

+            return null;

+        }

+        return from.getReferenceParameters().getCallbackReference();

+    }

+

+    private RuntimeWire cloneAndBind(RuntimeWire wire) {

+        RuntimeWire boundWire = null;

+        if (resolvedEndpoint != null) {

+            boundWire = ((RuntimeWireImpl)wire).lookupCache(resolvedEndpoint);

+            if (boundWire != null) {

+                return boundWire;

+            }

+            try {

+                Contract contract = resolvedEndpoint.getContract();

+                RuntimeComponentReference ref = null;

+                if (contract == null) {

+                    boundWire = (RuntimeWire)wire.clone();

+

+                } else if (contract instanceof RuntimeComponentReference) {

+                    ref = (RuntimeComponentReference)contract;

+                    boundWire = ref.getRuntimeWire(resolvedEndpoint.getBinding());

+

+                } else {  // contract instanceof RuntimeComponentService

+                    ref = bind((RuntimeComponentReference)wire.getSource().getContract(),

+                               resolvedEndpoint.getComponent(),

+                               (RuntimeComponentService)contract);

+                    boundWire = ref.getRuntimeWires().get(0);

+                }

+                configureWire(boundWire);

+                ((RuntimeWireImpl)wire).addToCache(resolvedEndpoint, boundWire);

+            } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {

+                // will not happen

+            }

+        }

+        return boundWire;

+    }

+

+    private static RuntimeComponentReference bind(RuntimeComponentReference reference,

+                                                  RuntimeComponent component,

+                                                  RuntimeComponentService service) throws CloneNotSupportedException {

+        RuntimeComponentReference ref = (RuntimeComponentReference)reference.clone();

+        ref.getTargets().add(service);

+        ref.getBindings().clear();

+        for (Binding binding : service.getBindings()) {

+            if (binding instanceof OptimizableBinding) {

+                OptimizableBinding optimizableBinding = (OptimizableBinding)((OptimizableBinding)binding).clone();

+                optimizableBinding.setTargetBinding(binding);

+                optimizableBinding.setTargetComponent(component);

+                optimizableBinding.setTargetComponentService(service);

+                ref.getBindings().add(optimizableBinding);

+            } else {

+                ref.getBindings().add(binding);

+            }

+        }

+        return ref;

+    }

+

+    private void configureWire(RuntimeWire wire) {

+        // need to set the endpoint on the binding also so that when the chains are created next

+        // the sca binding can decide whether to provide local or remote invokers. 

+        // TODO - there is a problem here though in that I'm setting a target on a 

+        //        binding that may possibly be trying to point at two things in the multi threaded 

+        //        case. Need to confirm the general model here and how the clone and bind part

+        //        is intended to work

+        Binding binding = wire.getSource().getBinding();

+        binding.setURI(resolvedEndpoint.getURI());

+

+        // also need to set the target contract as it varies for the sca binding depending on 

+        // whether it is local or remote

+        RuntimeComponentReference ref = (RuntimeComponentReference)wire.getSource().getContract();

+        wire.getTarget().setInterfaceContract(ref.getBindingProvider(binding).getBindingInterfaceContract());

+    }

+

+    /**

+     * {@inheritDoc}

+     */

+    @Override

+    public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {

+        super.readExternal(in);

+        this.callbackID = in.readObject();

+        this.convID = in.readObject();

+

+        this.compositeActivator = ComponentContextHelper.getCurrentCompositeActivator();

+

+        // Get the target Component and Service from the URI

+        final String uri = in.readUTF();

+        final String[] splitURI = super.splitComponentURI(uri);

+        final String componentURI = splitURI[0];

+        final String serviceName = splitURI[1];

+        final Component targetComponent = super.resolveComponentURI(componentURI);

+        final ComponentService targetService = super.resolveService(serviceName, targetComponent);

+        final InterfaceContract targetServiceIfaceContract = targetService.getInterfaceContract();

+

+        // Re-create the resolved Endpoint

+        this.resolvedEndpoint = new EndpointReferenceImpl(

+                (RuntimeComponent) targetComponent, targetService, null, 

+                targetServiceIfaceContract);

+

+        // Copy the Java Interface from the Service

+        final JavaInterface ji = (JavaInterface) targetServiceIfaceContract.getInterface();

+        this.businessInterface = (Class<B>) ji.getJavaClass();

+        

+        // We need to re-create the callback wire. We need to do this on a clone of the Service

+        // wire since we need to change some details on it.

+        // FIXME: Is this the best way to do this?

+        final RuntimeWire cbWire = ((RuntimeComponentService) targetService).getRuntimeWires().get(0);

+        try {

+            this.wire = (RuntimeWireImpl) cbWire.clone();

+        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {

+            throw new IOException(e.toString());

+        }

+

+        // Setup the reference on the cloned wire

+        final RuntimeComponentReference ref = new RuntimeComponentReferenceImpl();

+        ref.setComponent((RuntimeComponent) targetComponent);

+        ref.setInterfaceContract(targetServiceIfaceContract);

+        ((EndpointReferenceImpl) this.wire.getSource()).setContract(ref);

+    }

+

+    /**

+     * {@inheritDoc}

+     */

+    @Override

+    public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {

+        super.writeExternal(out);

+        out.writeObject(this.callbackID);

+        out.writeObject(this.convID);

+        out.writeUTF(this.resolvedEndpoint.getURI());

+    }

+}

diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/CallbackReferenceObjectFactory.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/CallbackReferenceObjectFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b5b40811ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/CallbackReferenceObjectFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*

+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one

+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file

+ * distributed with this work for additional information

+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file

+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the

+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance

+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

+ * 

+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

+ * 

+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,

+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an

+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY

+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the

+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations

+ * under the License.    

+ */

+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation;

+

+import java.util.List;

+

+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.factory.ObjectCreationException;

+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.factory.ObjectFactory;

+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeWire;

+import org.osoa.sca.CallableReference;

+

+/**

+ * Uses a wire to return a CallableReference

+ * 

+ * @version $Rev: 574648 $ $Date: 2007-09-11 18:45:36 +0100 (Tue, 11 Sep 2007) $

+ */

+public class CallbackReferenceObjectFactory implements ObjectFactory<CallableReference<?>> {

+    private Class<?> businessInterface;

+    private ProxyFactory proxyFactory;

+    private List<RuntimeWire> wires;

+

+    public CallbackReferenceObjectFactory(Class<?> interfaze, ProxyFactory proxyFactory, List<RuntimeWire> wires) {

+        this.businessInterface = interfaze;

+        this.proxyFactory = proxyFactory;

+        this.wires = wires;

+    }

+

+    public CallableReference<?> getInstance() throws ObjectCreationException {

+        return CallbackReferenceImpl.newInstance(businessInterface, proxyFactory, wires);

+    }

+

+}

diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/CallbackWireObjectFactory.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/CallbackWireObjectFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b37c30451
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/CallbackWireObjectFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.factory.ObjectCreationException;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.factory.ObjectFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeWire;
+
+/**
+ * Returns proxy instance for a wire callback
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class CallbackWireObjectFactory<B> implements ObjectFactory<B> {
+    private Class<B> businessInterface;
+    private ProxyFactory proxyFactory;
+    private List<RuntimeWire> wires;
+
+    public CallbackWireObjectFactory(Class<B> interfaze, ProxyFactory proxyFactory, List<RuntimeWire> wires) {
+        this.businessInterface = interfaze;
+        this.proxyFactory = proxyFactory;
+        this.wires = wires;
+    }
+
+    public B getInstance() throws ObjectCreationException {
+        return proxyFactory.createCallbackProxy(businessInterface, wires);
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/CglibProxyFactory.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/CglibProxyFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..54b5ba44bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/CglibProxyFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import net.sf.cglib.proxy.Callback;
+import net.sf.cglib.proxy.Enhancer;
+import net.sf.cglib.proxy.Factory;
+import net.sf.cglib.proxy.MethodInterceptor;
+import net.sf.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.context.CallableReferenceImpl;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.context.ServiceReferenceImpl;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.InterfaceContractMapper;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.impl.InterfaceContractMapperImpl;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.MessageFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeWire;
+import org.osoa.sca.CallableReference;
+import org.osoa.sca.ServiceReference;
+
+/**
+ * The implementation of a wire service that uses cglib dynamic proxies
+ * 
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings("unused")
+public class CglibProxyFactory implements ProxyFactory {
+    private MessageFactory messageFactory;
+
+    public CglibProxyFactory() {
+        this(new MessageFactoryImpl(), new InterfaceContractMapperImpl());
+    }
+
+    public CglibProxyFactory(MessageFactory messageFactory, InterfaceContractMapper mapper) {
+        this.messageFactory = messageFactory;
+
+    }
+
+    public <T> T createProxy(Class<T> interfaze, RuntimeWire wire) throws ProxyCreationException {
+        ServiceReference<T> serviceReference = new ServiceReferenceImpl(interfaze, wire, this);
+        return createProxy(serviceReference);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * create the proxy with cglib. use the same JDKInvocationHandler as
+     * JDKProxyService.
+     */
+    public <T> T createProxy(CallableReference<T> callableReference) throws ProxyCreationException {
+        Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
+        Class<T> interfaze = callableReference.getBusinessInterface();
+        enhancer.setSuperclass(interfaze);
+        enhancer.setCallback(new CglibMethodInterceptor<T>(callableReference));
+        Object proxy = enhancer.create();
+		((CallableReferenceImpl)callableReference).setProxy(proxy);
+        return interfaze.cast(proxy);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * create the callback proxy with cglib. use the same
+     * JDKCallbackInvocationHandler as JDKProxyService.
+     */
+    public <T> T createCallbackProxy(Class<T> interfaze, final List<RuntimeWire> wires) throws ProxyCreationException {
+        CallbackReferenceImpl<T> callbackReference = CallbackReferenceImpl.newInstance(interfaze, this, wires);
+        return callbackReference != null ? createCallbackProxy(callbackReference) : null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * create the callback proxy with cglib. use the same
+     * JDKCallbackInvocationHandler as JDKProxyService.
+     */
+    public <T> T createCallbackProxy(CallbackReferenceImpl<T> callbackReference) throws ProxyCreationException {
+        Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
+        Class<T> interfaze = callbackReference.getBusinessInterface();
+        enhancer.setSuperclass(interfaze);
+        enhancer.setCallback(new CglibMethodInterceptor<T>(callbackReference));
+        Object proxy = enhancer.create();
+		callbackReference.setProxy(proxy);
+        return interfaze.cast(proxy);
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public <B, R extends CallableReference<B>> R cast(B target) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (isProxyClass(target.getClass())) {
+            Factory factory = (Factory)target;
+            Callback[] callbacks = factory.getCallbacks();
+            if (callbacks.length != 1 || !(callbacks[0] instanceof CglibMethodInterceptor)) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The object is not a known proxy.");
+            }
+            CglibMethodInterceptor interceptor = (CglibMethodInterceptor)callbacks[0];
+            return (R)interceptor.invocationHandler.getCallableReference();
+        } else {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The object is not a known proxy.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.ProxyFactory#isProxyClass(java.lang.Class)
+     */
+    public boolean isProxyClass(Class<?> clazz) {
+        return Factory.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz);
+    }
+
+    private class CglibMethodInterceptor<T> implements MethodInterceptor {
+        private JDKInvocationHandler invocationHandler;
+
+        public CglibMethodInterceptor(CallableReference<T> callableReference) {
+            invocationHandler = new JDKInvocationHandler(messageFactory, callableReference);
+        }
+
+        public CglibMethodInterceptor(CallbackReferenceImpl<T> callbackReference) {
+            invocationHandler = new JDKCallbackInvocationHandler(messageFactory, callbackReference);
+        }
+
+        /*
+        public CglibMethodInterceptor(Class<T> interfaze, RuntimeWire wire) {
+            ServiceReference<T> serviceRef = new ServiceReferenceImpl<T>(interfaze, wire, CglibProxyFactory.this);
+            invocationHandler = new JDKInvocationHandler(messageFactory, serviceRef);
+        }
+
+        public CglibMethodInterceptor(Class<T> interfaze, List<RuntimeWire> wires) {
+            CallbackReferenceImpl ref = new CallbackReferenceImpl(interfaze, CglibProxyFactory.this, wires);
+            invocationHandler = new JDKCallbackInvocationHandler(messageFactory, ref);
+        }
+		*/
+
+        /**
+         * @see net.sf.cglib.proxy.MethodInterceptor#intercept(java.lang.Object, java.lang.reflect.Method, java.lang.Object[], net.sf.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy)
+         */
+        public Object intercept(Object obj, Method method, Object[] args, MethodProxy proxy) throws Throwable {
+            Object result = invocationHandler.invoke(proxy, method, args);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/DefaultProxyFactoryExtensionPoint.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/DefaultProxyFactoryExtensionPoint.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..86d8b66da8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/DefaultProxyFactoryExtensionPoint.java
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.InterfaceContractMapper;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.impl.InterfaceContractMapperImpl;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.MessageFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeWire;
+import org.osoa.sca.CallableReference;
+
+/**
+ * Default implementation of a ProxyFactoryExtensionPoint.
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class DefaultProxyFactoryExtensionPoint implements ProxyFactoryExtensionPoint {
+    private InterfaceContractMapper interfaceContractMapper;
+    private MessageFactory messageFactory;
+
+    private ProxyFactory interfaceFactory;
+    private ProxyFactory classFactory;
+
+    public DefaultProxyFactoryExtensionPoint() {
+        this(new MessageFactoryImpl(), new InterfaceContractMapperImpl());
+    }
+
+    public DefaultProxyFactoryExtensionPoint(MessageFactory messageFactory, InterfaceContractMapper mapper) {
+        this.interfaceContractMapper = mapper;
+        this.messageFactory = messageFactory;
+        interfaceFactory = new JDKProxyFactory(messageFactory, mapper);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.ProxyFactoryExtensionPoint#getClassProxyFactory()
+     */
+    public ProxyFactory getClassProxyFactory() {
+        return classFactory;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.ProxyFactoryExtensionPoint#getInterfaceProxyFactory()
+     */
+    public ProxyFactory getInterfaceProxyFactory() {
+        return interfaceFactory;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.ProxyFactoryExtensionPoint#setClassProxyFactory(org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.ProxyFactory)
+     */
+    public void setClassProxyFactory(ProxyFactory factory) {
+        this.classFactory = factory;
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.ProxyFactoryExtensionPoint#setInterfaceProxyFactory(org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.ProxyFactory)
+     */
+    public void setInterfaceProxyFactory(ProxyFactory factory) {
+        this.interfaceFactory = factory;
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.ProxyFactory#cast(java.lang.Object)
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public <B, R extends CallableReference<B>> R cast(B target) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (interfaceFactory.isProxyClass(target.getClass())) {
+            return (R)interfaceFactory.cast(target);
+        } else if (classFactory != null && classFactory.isProxyClass(target.getClass())) {
+            return (R)classFactory.cast(target);
+        } else {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The target is not a callable proxy");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.ProxyFactory#createCallbackProxy(java.lang.Class,
+     *      java.util.List)
+     */
+    public <T> T createCallbackProxy(Class<T> interfaze, List<RuntimeWire> wires) throws ProxyCreationException {
+        if (interfaze.isInterface()) {
+            return interfaceFactory.createCallbackProxy(interfaze, wires);
+        } else {
+            return classFactory.createCallbackProxy(interfaze, wires);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public <T> T createProxy(CallableReference<T> callableReference) throws ProxyCreationException {
+        if (callableReference.getBusinessInterface().isInterface()) {
+            return interfaceFactory.createProxy(callableReference);
+        } else {
+            return classFactory.createProxy(callableReference);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public <T> T createCallbackProxy(CallbackReferenceImpl<T> callbackReference) throws ProxyCreationException {
+        if (callbackReference.getBusinessInterface().isInterface()) {
+            return interfaceFactory.createCallbackProxy(callbackReference);
+        } else {
+            return classFactory.createCallbackProxy(callbackReference);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.ProxyFactory#createProxy(java.lang.Class,
+     *      org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeWire)
+     */
+    public <T> T createProxy(Class<T> interfaze, RuntimeWire wire) throws ProxyCreationException {
+        if (interfaze.isInterface()) {
+            return interfaceFactory.createProxy(interfaze, wire);
+        } else {
+            return classFactory.createProxy(interfaze, wire);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.ProxyFactory#isProxyClass(java.lang.Class)
+     */
+    public boolean isProxyClass(Class<?> clazz) {
+        return interfaceFactory.isProxyClass(clazz) || (classFactory != null && classFactory.isProxyClass(clazz));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the interfaceContractMapper
+     */
+    public InterfaceContractMapper getInterfaceContractMapper() {
+        return interfaceContractMapper;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the messageFactory
+     */
+    public MessageFactory getMessageFactory() {
+        return messageFactory;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/ExtensibleWireProcessor.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/ExtensibleWireProcessor.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..934f2f7aa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/ExtensibleWireProcessor.java
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeWire;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeWireProcessor;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeWireProcessorExtensionPoint;
+
+/**
+ * The default implementation of an extensible <code>WireProcessor</code>
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class ExtensibleWireProcessor implements RuntimeWireProcessor {
+    
+    private RuntimeWireProcessorExtensionPoint processors;
+
+    public ExtensibleWireProcessor(RuntimeWireProcessorExtensionPoint processors) {
+        this.processors = processors;
+    }
+    
+    public void process(RuntimeWire wire) {
+        for (RuntimeWireProcessor processor : processors.getWireProcessors()) {
+            processor.process(wire);
+        }
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/InvocationChainImpl.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/InvocationChainImpl.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1a33e91a98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/InvocationChainImpl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.ListIterator;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.Operation;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.DataExchangeSemantics;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Interceptor;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.InvocationChain;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Invoker;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Phase;
+
+/**
+ * Default implementation of an invocation chain
+ * 
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class InvocationChainImpl implements InvocationChain {
+    private Operation sourceOperation;
+    private Operation targetOperation;
+    private List<Node> nodes = new ArrayList<Node>();
+
+    // FIXME: Not a good practice to use static reference
+    private static final PhaseManager phaseManager = new PhaseManager();
+    private boolean forReference;
+    private boolean allowsPassByReference;
+
+    public InvocationChainImpl(Operation sourceOperation, Operation targetOperation, boolean forReference) {
+        assert sourceOperation != null;
+        assert targetOperation != null;
+        this.targetOperation = targetOperation;
+        this.sourceOperation = sourceOperation;
+        this.forReference = forReference;
+    }
+
+    public Operation getTargetOperation() {
+        return targetOperation;
+    }
+
+    public void setTargetOperation(Operation operation) {
+        this.targetOperation = operation;
+    }
+
+    public void addInterceptor(Interceptor interceptor) {
+        String phase = forReference ? Phase.REFERENCE : Phase.SERVICE;
+        addInterceptor(phase, interceptor);
+    }
+
+    public void addInvoker(Invoker invoker) {
+        String phase = forReference ? Phase.REFERENCE_BINDING : Phase.IMPLEMENTATION;
+        addInvoker(phase, invoker);
+    }
+
+    public Invoker getHeadInvoker() {
+        return nodes.isEmpty() ? null : nodes.get(0).getInvoker();
+    }
+
+    public Invoker getTailInvoker() {
+        return nodes.isEmpty() ? null : nodes.get(nodes.size() - 1).getInvoker();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the sourceOperation
+     */
+    public Operation getSourceOperation() {
+        return sourceOperation;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param sourceOperation the sourceOperation to set
+     */
+    public void setSourceOperation(Operation sourceOperation) {
+        this.sourceOperation = sourceOperation;
+    }
+
+    public void addInterceptor(int index, Interceptor interceptor) {
+        addInterceptor(interceptor);
+    }
+
+    public void addInterceptor(String phase, Interceptor interceptor) {
+        addInvoker(phase, interceptor);
+    }
+
+    private void addInvoker(String phase, Invoker invoker) {
+        int index = phaseManager.getAllPhases().indexOf(phase);
+        if (index == -1) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid phase name: " + phase);
+        }
+        Node node = new Node(index, invoker);
+        ListIterator<Node> li = nodes.listIterator();
+        Node before = null, after = null;
+        boolean found = false;
+        while (li.hasNext()) {
+            before = after;
+            after = li.next();
+            if (after.getPhaseIndex() > index) {
+                // Move back
+                li.previous();
+                li.add(node);
+                found = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!found) {
+            // Add to the end
+            nodes.add(node);
+            before = after;
+            after = null;
+        }
+
+        // Relink the interceptors
+        if (before != null) {
+            if (before.getInvoker() instanceof Interceptor) {
+                ((Interceptor)before.getInvoker()).setNext(invoker);
+            }
+        }
+        if (after != null) {
+            if (invoker instanceof Interceptor) {
+                ((Interceptor)invoker).setNext(after.getInvoker());
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public boolean allowsPassByReference() {
+        if (allowsPassByReference) {
+            // No need to check the invokers
+            return true;
+        }
+        // Check if any of the invokers allows pass-by-reference
+        boolean allowsPBR = false;
+        for (Node i : nodes) {
+            if (i.getInvoker() instanceof DataExchangeSemantics) {
+                if (((DataExchangeSemantics)i.getInvoker()).allowsPassByReference()) {
+                    allowsPBR = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return allowsPBR;
+    }
+
+    public void setAllowsPassByReference(boolean allowsPBR) {
+        this.allowsPassByReference = allowsPBR;
+    }
+
+    private static class Node {
+        private int phaseIndex;
+        private Invoker invoker;
+
+        public Node(int phaseIndex, Invoker invoker) {
+            super();
+            this.phaseIndex = phaseIndex;
+            this.invoker = invoker;
+        }
+
+        public int getPhaseIndex() {
+            return phaseIndex;
+        }
+
+        public Invoker getInvoker() {
+            return invoker;
+        }
+
+        public String toString() {
+            return "(" + phaseIndex + ")" + invoker;
+        }
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/JDKCallbackInvocationHandler.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/JDKCallbackInvocationHandler.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cade0499d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/JDKCallbackInvocationHandler.java
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly.RuntimeWireImpl;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.context.CallableReferenceImpl;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ConversationState;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.InvocationChain;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.MessageFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeWire;
+import org.osoa.sca.NoRegisteredCallbackException;
+import org.osoa.sca.ServiceRuntimeException;
+
+/**
+ * Responsible for dispatching to a callback through a wire. <p/> TODO cache
+ * target invoker
+ * 
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class JDKCallbackInvocationHandler extends JDKInvocationHandler {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = -3350283555825935609L;
+
+    public JDKCallbackInvocationHandler(MessageFactory messageFactory, CallbackReferenceImpl ref) {
+        super(messageFactory, ref);
+        this.fixedWire = false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings( {"unchecked"})
+    public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
+        if (Object.class == method.getDeclaringClass()) {
+            return invokeObjectMethod(method, args);
+        }
+
+        // obtain a dedicated wire to be used for this callback invocation
+        RuntimeWire wire = ((CallbackReferenceImpl)callableReference).getCallbackWire();
+        if (wire == null) {
+            //FIXME: need better exception
+            throw new ServiceRuntimeException("No callback wire found");
+        }
+
+        // set the conversational state based on the interface that
+        // is specified for the reference that this wire belongs to
+        initConversational(wire);
+
+        // set the conversation id into the conversation object. This is
+        // a special case for callbacks as, unless otherwise set manually,
+        // the callback should use the same conversation id as was received
+        // on the incoming call to this component
+        if (conversational) {
+
+            if (conversation == null || conversation.getState() == ConversationState.ENDED) {
+                conversation = null;
+            }
+            Object convID = conversation == null ? null : conversation.getConversationID();
+
+            // create a conversation id if one doesn't exist 
+            // already, i.e. the conversation is just starting
+            if (convID == null) {
+                convID = ((CallbackReferenceImpl)callableReference).getConvID();
+                if (convID != null) {
+                    conversation = ((RuntimeWireImpl)wire).getConversationManager().getConversation(convID);
+                    if (callableReference != null) {
+                        ((CallableReferenceImpl)callableReference).attachConversation(conversation);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        setEndpoint(((CallbackReferenceImpl)callableReference).getResolvedEndpoint());
+
+        InvocationChain chain = getInvocationChain(method, wire);
+        if (chain == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("No matching operation is found: " + method);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            return invoke(chain, args, wire, wire.getSource());
+        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
+            Throwable t = e.getCause();
+            if (t instanceof NoRegisteredCallbackException) {
+                throw t;
+            }
+            throw e;
+        } finally {
+            // allow the cloned wire to be reused by subsequent callbacks
+            ((RuntimeWireImpl)wire).releaseWire();
+        }
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/JDKInvocationHandler.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/JDKInvocationHandler.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bbcd2e77b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/JDKInvocationHandler.java
@@ -0,0 +1,509 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.UUID;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly.RuntimeWireImpl;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.context.CallableReferenceImpl;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.context.InstanceWrapper;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ConversationManager;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ConversationState;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ExtendedConversation;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope.Scope;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope.ScopeContainer;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope.ScopedRuntimeComponent;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope.TargetDestructionException;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope.TargetResolutionException;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.ConversationSequence;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.DataType;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.Interface;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.InterfaceContract;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.Operation;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.java.JavaOperation;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.InvocationChain;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Invoker;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Message;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.MessageFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.EndpointReference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.ReferenceParameters;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeWire;
+import org.osoa.sca.CallableReference;
+import org.osoa.sca.ConversationEndedException;
+import org.osoa.sca.ServiceReference;
+import org.osoa.sca.ServiceRuntimeException;
+
+/**
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class JDKInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler, Serializable {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = -3366410500152201371L;
+
+    protected boolean conversational;
+    protected ExtendedConversation conversation;
+    protected MessageFactory messageFactory;
+    protected EndpointReference source;
+    protected EndpointReference target;
+    protected RuntimeWire wire;
+    protected CallableReference<?> callableReference;
+    protected Class<?> businessInterface;
+
+    protected boolean fixedWire = true;
+
+    protected transient Map<Method, InvocationChain> chains = new HashMap<Method, InvocationChain>();
+
+    public JDKInvocationHandler(MessageFactory messageFactory, Class<?> businessInterface, RuntimeWire wire) {
+        this.messageFactory = messageFactory;
+        this.wire = wire;
+        this.businessInterface = businessInterface;
+        init(this.wire);
+    }
+
+    public JDKInvocationHandler(MessageFactory messageFactory, CallableReference<?> callableReference) {
+        this.messageFactory = messageFactory;
+        this.callableReference = callableReference;
+        if (callableReference != null) {
+            this.businessInterface = callableReference.getBusinessInterface();
+            this.conversation = (ExtendedConversation)callableReference.getConversation();
+            this.wire = ((CallableReferenceImpl<?>)callableReference).getRuntimeWire();
+            if (wire != null) {
+                init(wire);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void init(RuntimeWire wire) {
+        if (wire != null) {
+            try {
+                // Clone the endpoint reference so that reference parameters can be changed
+                source = (EndpointReference)wire.getSource().clone();
+            } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
+                throw new ServiceRuntimeException(e);
+            }
+            initConversational(wire);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void initConversational(RuntimeWire wire) {
+        InterfaceContract contract = wire.getSource().getInterfaceContract();
+        this.conversational = contract.getInterface().isConversational();
+    }
+
+    protected Object getCallbackID() {
+        if (callableReference != null) {
+            return callableReference.getCallbackID();
+        } else {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected Object getConversationID() {
+        if (callableReference != null && callableReference instanceof ServiceReference) {
+            return ((ServiceReference)callableReference).getConversationID();
+        } else {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected Object getCallbackObject() {
+        if (callableReference != null && callableReference instanceof ServiceReference) {
+            return ((ServiceReference)callableReference).getCallback();
+        } else {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
+        if (Object.class == method.getDeclaringClass()) {
+            return invokeObjectMethod(method, args);
+        }
+        if (wire == null) {
+            throw new ServiceRuntimeException("No runtime wire is available");
+        }
+        InvocationChain chain = getInvocationChain(method, wire);
+        if (chain == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("No matching operation is found: " + method);
+        }
+
+        // send the invocation down the wire
+        Object result = invoke(chain, args, wire, source);
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Handle the methods on the Object.class
+     * @param method
+     * @param args
+     */
+    protected Object invokeObjectMethod(Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
+        String name = method.getName();
+        if ("toString".equals(name)) {
+            return "[Proxy - " + toString() + "]";
+        } else if ("equals".equals(name)) {
+            Object obj = args[0];
+            if (obj == null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (!Proxy.isProxyClass(obj.getClass())) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            return equals(Proxy.getInvocationHandler(obj));
+        } else if ("hashCode".equals(name)) {
+            return hashCode();
+        } else {
+            return method.invoke(this);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines if the given operation matches the given method
+     * 
+     * @return true if the operation matches, false if does not
+     */
+    // FIXME: Should it be in the InterfaceContractMapper?
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    private static boolean match(Operation operation, Method method) {
+        if (operation instanceof JavaOperation) {
+            JavaOperation javaOp = (JavaOperation)operation;
+            Method m = javaOp.getJavaMethod();
+            if (!method.getName().equals(m.getName())) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (method.equals(m)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (!method.getName().equals(operation.getName())) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // For remotable interface, operation is not overloaded. 
+        if (operation.getInterface().isRemotable()) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        Class<?>[] params = method.getParameterTypes();
+
+        DataType<List<DataType>> inputType = null;
+        if (operation.isWrapperStyle()) {
+            inputType = operation.getWrapper().getUnwrappedInputType();
+        } else {
+            inputType = operation.getInputType();
+        }
+        List<DataType> types = inputType.getLogical();
+        boolean matched = true;
+        if (types.size() == params.length && method.getName().equals(operation.getName())) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
+                Class<?> clazz = params[i];
+                Class<?> type = types.get(i).getPhysical();
+                // Object.class.isAssignableFrom(int.class) returns false
+                if (type != Object.class && (!type.isAssignableFrom(clazz))) {
+                    matched = false;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            matched = false;
+        }
+        return matched;
+
+    }
+
+    protected synchronized InvocationChain getInvocationChain(Method method, RuntimeWire wire) {
+        if (fixedWire && chains.containsKey(method)) {
+            return chains.get(method);
+        }
+        InvocationChain found = null;
+        for (InvocationChain chain : wire.getInvocationChains()) {
+            Operation operation = chain.getSourceOperation();
+            if (operation.isDynamic()) {
+                operation.setName(method.getName());
+                found = chain;
+                break;
+            } else if (match(operation, method)) {
+                found = chain;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (fixedWire) {
+            chains.put(method, found);
+        }
+        return found;
+    }
+
+    protected void setEndpoint(EndpointReference endpoint) {
+        this.target = endpoint;
+    }
+
+    protected Object invoke(InvocationChain chain, Object[] args, RuntimeWire wire, EndpointReference source)
+                         throws Throwable {
+        Message msg = messageFactory.createMessage();
+        msg.setFrom(source);
+        if (target != null) {
+            msg.setTo(target);
+        } else {
+            msg.setTo(wire.getTarget());
+        }
+        Invoker headInvoker = chain.getHeadInvoker();
+        Operation operation = chain.getTargetOperation();
+        msg.setOperation(operation);
+        msg.setBody(args);
+
+        Message msgContext = ThreadMessageContext.getMessageContext();
+        Object currentConversationID = msgContext.getFrom().getReferenceParameters().getConversationID();
+
+        conversationPreinvoke(msg, wire);
+        handleCallback(msg, wire, currentConversationID);
+        ThreadMessageContext.setMessageContext(msg);
+        try {
+            // dispatch the wire down the chain and get the response
+            Message resp = headInvoker.invoke(msg);
+            Object body = resp.getBody();
+            if (resp.isFault()) {
+                // mark the conversation as ended if the exception is not a business exception
+                if (currentConversationID != null ){
+                    try {
+                        boolean businessException = false;
+                        
+                        for (DataType dataType : operation.getFaultTypes()){
+                            if (dataType.getPhysical() == ((Throwable)body).getClass()){
+                                businessException = true;
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        
+                        if (businessException == false){
+                            operation.setConversationSequence(ConversationSequence.CONVERSATION_END);
+                        }
+                    } catch (Exception ex){
+                        // TODO - sure what the best course of action is here. We have
+                        //        a system exception in the middle of a business exception 
+                    }
+                }
+                throw (Throwable)body;
+            }
+            return body;
+        } finally {
+            conversationPostInvoke(msg, wire);
+            ThreadMessageContext.setMessageContext(msgContext);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param msg
+     * @param wire
+     * @param interfaze
+     * @throws TargetResolutionException
+     */
+    private void handleCallback(Message msg, RuntimeWire wire, Object currentConversationID)
+        throws TargetResolutionException {
+        ReferenceParameters parameters = msg.getFrom().getReferenceParameters();
+        parameters.setCallbackID(getCallbackID());
+        if (msg.getFrom() == null || msg.getFrom().getCallbackEndpoint() == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        parameters.setCallbackReference(msg.getFrom().getCallbackEndpoint());
+
+        // If we are passing out a callback target
+        // register the calling component instance against this 
+        // new conversation id so that stateful callbacks will be
+        // able to find it
+        Object callbackObject = getCallbackObject();
+        if (conversational && callbackObject == null) {
+            // the component instance is already registered
+            // so add another registration
+            ScopeContainer<Object> scopeContainer = getConversationalScopeContainer(wire);
+
+            if (scopeContainer != null && currentConversationID != null) {
+                scopeContainer.addWrapperReference(currentConversationID, conversation.getConversationID());
+            }
+        }
+
+        Interface interfaze = msg.getOperation().getInterface();
+        if (callbackObject != null) {
+            if (callbackObject instanceof ServiceReference) {
+                EndpointReference callbackRef = ((CallableReferenceImpl)callbackObject).getEndpointReference();
+                parameters.setCallbackReference(callbackRef);
+            } else {
+                if (interfaze != null) {
+                    if (!interfaze.isConversational()) {
+                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                                                           "Callback object for stateless callback is not a ServiceReference");
+                    } else {
+                        ScopeContainer scopeContainer = getConversationalScopeContainer(wire);
+                        if (scopeContainer != null) {
+                            InstanceWrapper wrapper = new CallbackObjectWrapper(callbackObject);
+                            scopeContainer.registerWrapper(wrapper, conversation.getConversationID());
+                        }
+                        parameters.setCallbackObjectID(callbackObject);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pre-invoke for the conversation handling
+     * @param msg
+     * @throws TargetResolutionException
+     */
+    private void conversationPreinvoke(Message msg, RuntimeWire wire) {
+        if (!conversational) {
+            // Not conversational or the conversation has been started
+            return;
+        }
+
+        ConversationManager conversationManager = ((RuntimeWireImpl)wire).getConversationManager();
+
+        if (conversation == null || conversation.getState() == ConversationState.ENDED) {
+
+            conversation = conversationManager.startConversation(getConversationID());
+            
+            // if this is a local wire then set up the conversation timeouts here based on the 
+            // parameters from the component
+            if (wire.getTarget().getComponent() != null){
+                conversation.initializeConversationAttributes(wire.getTarget().getComponent());
+            }
+            
+            // connect the conversation to the CallableReference so it can be retrieve in the future
+            if (callableReference != null) {
+                ((CallableReferenceImpl)callableReference).attachConversation(conversation);
+            }
+        } else if (conversation.isExpired()) {
+            throw new ConversationEndedException("Conversation " +  conversation.getConversationID() + " has expired.");
+        }
+
+        // if this is a local wire then schedule conversation timeouts based on the timeout
+        // parameters from the service implementation. If this isn't a local wire then
+        // the RuntimeWireInvker will take care of this
+        if (wire.getTarget().getComponent() != null){
+            conversation.updateLastReferencedTime();
+        }
+
+        msg.getFrom().getReferenceParameters().setConversationID(conversation.getConversationID());
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Post-invoke for the conversation handling
+     * @param wire
+     * @param operation
+     * @throws TargetDestructionException
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    private void conversationPostInvoke(Message msg, RuntimeWire wire) throws TargetDestructionException {
+        Operation operation = msg.getOperation();
+        ConversationSequence sequence = operation.getConversationSequence();
+        // We check that conversation has not already ended as there is only one
+        // conversation manager in the runtime and so, in the case of remote bindings, 
+        // the conversation will already have been stopped when we get back to the client
+        if ((sequence == ConversationSequence.CONVERSATION_END) && (conversation.getState() != ConversationState.ENDED)) {
+
+            // remove conversation id from scope container
+            ScopeContainer scopeContainer = getConversationalScopeContainer(wire);
+
+            if (scopeContainer != null) {
+                scopeContainer.remove(conversation.getConversationID());
+            }
+
+            conversation.end();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private ScopeContainer<Object> getConversationalScopeContainer(RuntimeWire wire) {
+        ScopeContainer<Object> scopeContainer = null;
+
+        RuntimeComponent runtimeComponent = wire.getSource().getComponent();
+
+        if (runtimeComponent instanceof ScopedRuntimeComponent) {
+            ScopedRuntimeComponent scopedRuntimeComponent = (ScopedRuntimeComponent)runtimeComponent;
+            ScopeContainer<Object> tmpScopeContainer = scopedRuntimeComponent.getScopeContainer();
+
+            if ((tmpScopeContainer != null) && (tmpScopeContainer.getScope() == Scope.CONVERSATION)) {
+                scopeContainer = tmpScopeContainer;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return scopeContainer;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new conversation id
+     * 
+     * @return the conversation id
+     */
+    private Object createConversationID() {
+        if (getConversationID() != null) {
+            return getConversationID();
+        } else {
+            return UUID.randomUUID().toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the callableReference
+     */
+    public CallableReference<?> getCallableReference() {
+        return callableReference;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param callableReference the callableReference to set
+     */
+    public void setCallableReference(CallableReference<?> callableReference) {
+        this.callableReference = callableReference;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Minimal wrapper for a callback object contained in a ServiceReference
+     */
+    private static class CallbackObjectWrapper<T> implements InstanceWrapper<T> {
+
+        private T instance;
+
+        private CallbackObjectWrapper(T instance) {
+            this.instance = instance;
+        }
+
+        public T getInstance() {
+            return instance;
+        }
+
+        public void start() {
+            // do nothing
+        }
+
+        public void stop() {
+            // do nothing
+        }
+
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/JDKProxyFactory.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/JDKProxyFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..814c078c1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/JDKProxyFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
+import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
+import java.security.AccessController;
+import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.context.CallableReferenceImpl;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.context.ServiceReferenceImpl;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.InterfaceContractMapper;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.impl.InterfaceContractMapperImpl;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.MessageFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeWire;
+import org.osoa.sca.CallableReference;
+import org.osoa.sca.ServiceReference;
+
+/**
+ * the default implementation of a wire service that uses JDK dynamic proxies
+ * 
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class JDKProxyFactory implements ProxyFactory {
+    protected InterfaceContractMapper contractMapper;
+    private MessageFactory messageFactory;
+
+    public JDKProxyFactory() {
+        this(new MessageFactoryImpl(), new InterfaceContractMapperImpl());
+    }
+
+    public JDKProxyFactory(MessageFactory messageFactory, InterfaceContractMapper mapper) {
+        this.contractMapper = mapper;
+        this.messageFactory = messageFactory;
+    }
+
+    /** 
+     * The original createProxy method assumes that the proxy doesn't want to 
+     * share conversation state so sets the conversation object to null
+     */
+    public <T> T createProxy(Class<T> interfaze, RuntimeWire wire) throws ProxyCreationException {
+        ServiceReference<T> serviceReference = new ServiceReferenceImpl(interfaze, wire, this);
+        return createProxy(serviceReference);
+    }
+
+    public <T> T createProxy(CallableReference<T> callableReference) throws ProxyCreationException {
+        assert callableReference != null;
+        final Class<T> interfaze = callableReference.getBusinessInterface();
+        InvocationHandler handler = new JDKInvocationHandler(messageFactory, callableReference);
+        // Allow privileged access to class loader. Requires RuntimePermission in security policy.
+        ClassLoader cl = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<ClassLoader>() {
+            public ClassLoader run() {
+                return interfaze.getClassLoader();
+            }
+        });
+        Object proxy = Proxy.newProxyInstance(cl, new Class[] {interfaze}, handler);
+        ((CallableReferenceImpl)callableReference).setProxy(proxy);
+        return interfaze.cast(proxy);
+    }
+
+    public <T> T createCallbackProxy(Class<T> interfaze, List<RuntimeWire> wires) throws ProxyCreationException {
+        CallbackReferenceImpl<T> callbackReference = CallbackReferenceImpl.newInstance(interfaze, this, wires);
+        return callbackReference != null ? createCallbackProxy(callbackReference) : null;
+    }
+
+    public <T> T createCallbackProxy(CallbackReferenceImpl<T> callbackReference) throws ProxyCreationException {
+        assert callbackReference != null;
+        Class<T> interfaze = callbackReference.getBusinessInterface();
+        InvocationHandler handler = new JDKCallbackInvocationHandler(messageFactory, callbackReference);
+        ClassLoader cl = interfaze.getClassLoader();
+		Object proxy = Proxy.newProxyInstance(cl, new Class[] {interfaze}, handler);
+		callbackReference.setProxy(proxy);
+        return interfaze.cast(proxy);
+    }
+
+    public <B, R extends CallableReference<B>> R cast(B target) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        InvocationHandler handler = Proxy.getInvocationHandler(target);
+        if (handler instanceof JDKInvocationHandler) {
+            return (R)((JDKInvocationHandler)handler).getCallableReference();
+        } else {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The object is not a known proxy.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.ProxyFactory#isProxyClass(java.lang.Class)
+     */
+    public boolean isProxyClass(Class<?> clazz) {
+        return Proxy.isProxyClass(clazz);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/MessageFactoryImpl.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/MessageFactoryImpl.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6e182a6a14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/MessageFactoryImpl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Message;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.MessageFactory;
+
+/**
+ * Implementation of MessageFactory.
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class MessageFactoryImpl implements MessageFactory {
+
+    public Message createMessage() {
+        return new MessageImpl();
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/MessageImpl.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/MessageImpl.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b5b41b9d00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/MessageImpl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation;
+
+import java.util.Hashtable;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly.EndpointReferenceImpl;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.Operation;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Message;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.EndpointReference;
+
+/**
+ * The default implementation of a message flowed through a wire during an invocation
+ *
+ * @version $Rev $Date$
+ */
+public class MessageImpl implements Message { 
+    private Object body;
+    private Object messageID;
+    private boolean isFault;
+    private Operation operation;
+    private Map<String, Object> qosContext = new Hashtable<String, Object>();
+
+    private EndpointReference from;
+    private EndpointReference to;
+
+    public MessageImpl() {
+        this.from = new EndpointReferenceImpl("/");
+        this.to = new EndpointReferenceImpl("/");
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public <T> T getBody() {
+        return (T)body;
+    }
+
+    public <T> void setBody(T body) {
+        this.isFault = false;
+        this.body = body;
+    }
+
+    public Object getMessageID() {
+        return messageID;
+    }
+
+    public void setMessageID(Object messageId) {
+        this.messageID = messageId;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isFault() {
+        return isFault;
+    }
+
+    public void setFaultBody(Object fault) {
+        this.isFault = true;
+        this.body = fault;
+    }
+
+    public EndpointReference getFrom() {
+        return from;
+    }
+
+    public void setFrom(EndpointReference from) {
+        this.from = from;
+    }
+
+    public EndpointReference getTo() {
+        return to;
+    }
+
+    public void setTo(EndpointReference to) {
+        this.to = to;
+    }
+
+    public Operation getOperation() {
+        return operation;
+    }
+
+    public void setOperation(Operation op) {
+        this.operation = op;
+    }
+
+    public Map<String, Object> getQoSContext() {
+        return qosContext;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/NoMethodForOperationException.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/NoMethodForOperationException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..733544d387
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/NoMethodForOperationException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation;
+
+
+/**
+ * Thrown when an {@link org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.factory.model.Operation} cannot be mapped to a method on an interface 
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class NoMethodForOperationException extends ProxyCreationException {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 5116536602309483679L;
+
+    public NoMethodForOperationException() {
+    }
+
+    public NoMethodForOperationException(String message) {
+        super(message);
+    }
+
+    public NoMethodForOperationException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+        super(message, cause);
+    }
+
+    public NoMethodForOperationException(Throwable cause) {
+        super(cause);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/NonBlockingInterceptor.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/NonBlockingInterceptor.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e83f9e64f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/NonBlockingInterceptor.java
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation;
+
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.Operation;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Interceptor;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Invoker;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Message;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.EndpointReference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeWire;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.work.WorkScheduler;
+import org.osoa.sca.ServiceRuntimeException;
+
+/**
+ * Adds non-blocking behavior to an invocation chain
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class NonBlockingInterceptor implements Interceptor {
+
+    private static final Message RESPONSE = new ImmutableMessage();
+
+    /**
+     * The JDK logger that will be used to log messages.
+     */
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(NonBlockingInterceptor.class.getName());
+
+    private WorkScheduler workScheduler;
+    private Invoker next;
+
+    public NonBlockingInterceptor(WorkScheduler workScheduler) {
+        this.workScheduler = workScheduler;
+    }
+
+    public NonBlockingInterceptor(WorkScheduler workScheduler, Interceptor next) {
+        this.workScheduler = workScheduler;
+        this.next = next;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets desired workScheduler to NonBlockingInterceptor. This is a useful function for the extension framework
+     * to set desired workmanager on the InvocationChain, other than default workmanager which is set per Tuscany runtime.
+     * Using this function, extension framework can set desired workmanager on InvocationChain during post wire processing.
+     * @param workScheduler workScheduler which contains workmanager
+     */
+    public void setWorkScheduler(WorkScheduler workScheduler){
+        this.workScheduler = workScheduler;
+    }
+
+    public Message invoke(final Message msg) {
+        // Schedule the invocation of the next interceptor in a new Work instance
+        try {
+            workScheduler.scheduleWork(new Runnable() {
+                public void run() {
+                    Message context = ThreadMessageContext.setMessageContext(msg);
+                    try {
+                        Message response = null;
+
+                        Throwable ex = null;
+                        try {
+                            response = next.invoke(msg);
+                        } catch (Throwable t) {
+                            ex = t;
+                        }
+
+                        // Tuscany-2225 - Did the @OneWay method complete successfully?
+                        // (i.e. no exceptions)
+                        if (response != null && response.isFault()) {
+                            // The @OneWay method threw an Exception. Lets log it and
+                            // then pass it on to the WorkScheduler so it can notify any
+                            // listeners
+                            ex = (Throwable)response.getBody();
+                        }
+                        if (ex != null) {
+                            LOGGER.log(Level.SEVERE, "Exception from @OneWay invocation", ex);
+                            throw new ServiceRuntimeException("Exception from @OneWay invocation", ex);
+                        }
+                    } finally {
+                        ThreadMessageContext.setMessageContext(context);
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new ServiceRuntimeException(e);
+        }
+        return RESPONSE;
+    }
+
+    public Invoker getNext() {
+        return next;
+    }
+
+    public void setNext(Invoker next) {
+        this.next = next;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A dummy message passed back on an invocation
+     */
+    private static class ImmutableMessage implements Message {
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        public Object getBody() {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public void setBody(Object body) {
+            if (body != null) {
+                throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void setCallbackWires(LinkedList<RuntimeWire> wires) {
+
+        }
+
+        public Object getMessageID() {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public void setMessageID(Object messageId) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+        }
+
+        public boolean isFault() {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        public void setFaultBody(Object fault) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+        }
+
+        public EndpointReference getFrom() {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public EndpointReference getTo() {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public void setFrom(EndpointReference from) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+        }
+
+        public void setTo(EndpointReference to) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+        }
+
+        public Operation getOperation() {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public void setOperation(Operation op) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Message#getReplyTo()
+         */
+        public EndpointReference getReplyTo() {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Map<String, Object> getQoSContext() {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/PhaseManager.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/PhaseManager.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..071729f557
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/PhaseManager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.StringTokenizer;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.extensibility.ServiceDeclaration;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.extensibility.ServiceDiscovery;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Phase;
+import org.osoa.sca.ServiceRuntimeException;
+
+/**
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class PhaseManager {
+    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(PhaseManager.class.getName());
+
+    public static final String STAGE_REFERENCE = "reference";
+    public static final String STAGE_SERVICE = "service";
+    public static final String STAGE_IMPLEMENTATION = "implementation";
+    private static final String[] SYSTEM_REFERENCE_PHASES =
+        {Phase.REFERENCE, Phase.REFERENCE_INTERFACE, Phase.REFERENCE_POLICY, Phase.REFERENCE_BINDING};
+
+    private static final String[] SYSTEM_SERVICE_PHASES =
+        {Phase.SERVICE_BINDING, Phase.SERVICE_POLICY, Phase.SERVICE_INTERFACE, Phase.SERVICE};
+
+    private static final String[] SYSTEM_IMPLEMENTATION_PHASES = {Phase.IMPLEMENTATION_POLICY, Phase.IMPLEMENTATION};
+
+    private String pattern = Phase.class.getName();
+    private Map<String, Stage> stages;
+    private List<String> phases;
+
+    public class Stage {
+        private String name;
+        private PhaseSorter<String> sorter = new PhaseSorter<String>();
+        private Set<String> firstSet = new HashSet<String>();
+        private Set<String> lastSet = new HashSet<String>();
+        private List<String> phases = new ArrayList<String>();
+
+        public Stage(String name) {
+            super();
+            this.name = name;
+        }
+
+        public String getName() {
+            return name;
+        }
+
+        public PhaseSorter<String> getSorter() {
+            return sorter;
+        }
+
+        public Set<String> getFirstSet() {
+            return firstSet;
+        }
+
+        public Set<String> getLastSet() {
+            return lastSet;
+        }
+
+        public List<String> getPhases() {
+            return phases;
+        }
+
+        public String toString() {
+            return name + phases;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // For unit test purpose
+    PhaseManager(String pattern) {
+        super();
+        this.pattern = pattern;
+    }
+
+    public PhaseManager() {
+    }
+
+    private List<String> getPhases(String stage) {
+        Stage s = getStages().get(stage);
+        return s == null ? null : s.getPhases();
+    }
+
+    public List<String> getReferencePhases() {
+        return getPhases(STAGE_REFERENCE);
+    }
+
+    public List<String> getServicePhases() {
+        return getPhases(STAGE_SERVICE);
+    }
+
+    public List<String> getImplementationPhases() {
+        return getPhases(STAGE_IMPLEMENTATION);
+    }
+
+    public List<String> getAllPhases() {
+        if (phases == null) {
+            phases = new ArrayList<String>();
+            phases.addAll(getReferencePhases());
+            phases.addAll(getServicePhases());
+            phases.addAll(getImplementationPhases());
+        }
+        return phases;
+    }
+
+    public synchronized Map<String, Stage> getStages() {
+        if (stages != null) {
+            return stages;
+        }
+        init();
+
+        Set<ServiceDeclaration> services;
+        try {
+            services = ServiceDiscovery.getInstance().getServiceDeclarations(pattern);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new ServiceRuntimeException(e);
+        }
+
+        for (ServiceDeclaration d : services) {
+            if (log.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+                log.fine(d.getResource() + ": " + d.getAttributes());
+            }
+            String name = d.getAttributes().get("name");
+            if (name == null) {
+                throw new ServiceRuntimeException("Required attribute 'name' is missing.");
+            }
+            String stageName = d.getAttributes().get("stage");
+            if (stageName == null) {
+                throw new ServiceRuntimeException("Required attribute 'stage' is missing.");
+            }
+            Stage stage = stages.get(stageName);
+            if (stage == null) {
+                throw new ServiceRuntimeException("Invalid stage: " + stage);
+            }
+            PhaseSorter<String> graph = stage.getSorter();
+            Set<String> firstSet = stage.getFirstSet(), lastSet = stage.getLastSet();
+
+            String before = d.getAttributes().get("before");
+            String after = d.getAttributes().get("after");
+            if (before != null) {
+                StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(before);
+                while (tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
+                    String p = tokenizer.nextToken();
+                    if (!"*".equals(p)) {
+                        graph.addEdge(name, p);
+                    } else {
+                        firstSet.add(name);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (after != null) {
+                StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(after);
+                while (tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
+                    String p = tokenizer.nextToken();
+                    if (!"*".equals(p)) {
+                        graph.addEdge(p, name);
+                    } else {
+                        lastSet.add(name);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            graph.addVertext(name);
+            if(firstSet.size()>1) {
+                log.warning("More than one phases are declared to be first: "+firstSet);
+            }
+            for (String s : firstSet) {
+                for (String v : new HashSet<String>(graph.getVertices().keySet())) {
+                    if (!firstSet.contains(v)) {
+                        graph.addEdge(s, v);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if(lastSet.size()>1) {
+                log.warning("More than one phases are declared to be the last: "+lastSet);
+            }
+            for (String s : lastSet) {
+                for (String v : new HashSet<String>(graph.getVertices().keySet())) {
+                    if (!lastSet.contains(v)) {
+                        graph.addEdge(v, s);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        for (Stage s : stages.values()) {
+            List<String> phases = s.getSorter().topologicalSort(false);
+            s.getPhases().clear();
+            s.getPhases().addAll(phases);
+        }
+        if (log.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+            log.fine("Stages: " + stages);
+        }
+        return stages;
+    }
+
+    private void init() {
+        stages = new HashMap<String, Stage>();
+
+        Stage referenceStage = new Stage(STAGE_REFERENCE);
+        for (int i = 1; i < SYSTEM_REFERENCE_PHASES.length; i++) {
+            referenceStage.getSorter().addEdge(SYSTEM_REFERENCE_PHASES[i - 1], SYSTEM_REFERENCE_PHASES[i]);
+        }
+        referenceStage.getLastSet().add(Phase.REFERENCE_BINDING);
+        stages.put(referenceStage.getName(), referenceStage);
+
+        Stage serviceStage = new Stage(STAGE_SERVICE);
+        for (int i = 1; i < SYSTEM_SERVICE_PHASES.length; i++) {
+            serviceStage.getSorter().addEdge(SYSTEM_SERVICE_PHASES[i - 1], SYSTEM_SERVICE_PHASES[i]);
+        }
+        stages.put(serviceStage.getName(), serviceStage);
+
+        Stage implementationStage = new Stage(STAGE_IMPLEMENTATION);
+        for (int i = 1; i < SYSTEM_IMPLEMENTATION_PHASES.length; i++) {
+            implementationStage.getSorter().addEdge(SYSTEM_IMPLEMENTATION_PHASES[i - 1],
+                                                    SYSTEM_IMPLEMENTATION_PHASES[i]);
+        }
+        implementationStage.getLastSet().add(Phase.IMPLEMENTATION);
+        stages.put(implementationStage.getName(), implementationStage);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/PhaseSorter.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/PhaseSorter.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc4bea3d9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/PhaseSorter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * Directed, weighted graph
+ * 
+ * @param <V> The type of vertex object
+ * @param <E> The type of edge object
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class PhaseSorter<V> implements Cloneable {
+    private final Map<V, Vertex> vertices = new HashMap<V, Vertex>();
+
+    /**
+     * Vertex of a graph
+     */
+    public final class Vertex {
+        private V value;
+
+        // TODO: Do we want to support multiple edges for a vertex pair? If so,
+        // we should use a List instead of Map
+        private Map<Vertex, Edge> outEdges = new HashMap<Vertex, Edge>();
+        private Map<Vertex, Edge> inEdges = new HashMap<Vertex, Edge>();
+
+        private Vertex(V value) {
+            this.value = value;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "(" + value + ")";
+        }
+
+        public V getValue() {
+            return value;
+        }
+
+        public Map<Vertex, Edge> getOutEdges() {
+            return outEdges;
+        }
+
+        public Map<Vertex, Edge> getInEdges() {
+            return inEdges;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * An Edge connects two vertices in one direction
+     */
+    public final class Edge {
+        private Vertex sourceVertex;
+
+        private Vertex targetVertex;
+
+        public Edge(Vertex source, Vertex target) {
+            this.sourceVertex = source;
+            this.targetVertex = target;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return sourceVertex + "->" + targetVertex;
+        }
+
+        public Vertex getTargetVertex() {
+            return targetVertex;
+        }
+
+        public void setTargetVertex(Vertex vertex) {
+            this.targetVertex = vertex;
+        }
+
+        public Vertex getSourceVertex() {
+            return sourceVertex;
+        }
+
+        public void setSourceVertex(Vertex sourceVertex) {
+            this.sourceVertex = sourceVertex;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void addEdge(V source, V target) {
+        Vertex s = getVertex(source);
+        if (s == null) {
+            s = new Vertex(source);
+            vertices.put(source, s);
+        }
+        Vertex t = getVertex(target);
+        if (t == null) {
+            t = new Vertex(target);
+            vertices.put(target, t);
+        }
+        Edge edge = new Edge(s, t);
+        s.outEdges.put(t, edge);
+        t.inEdges.put(s, edge);
+    }
+
+    public void addVertext(V source) {
+        Vertex s = getVertex(source);
+        if (s == null) {
+            s = new Vertex(source);
+            vertices.put(source, s);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Vertex getVertex(V source) {
+        Vertex s = vertices.get(source);
+        return s;
+    }
+
+    public boolean removeEdge(V source, V target) {
+        Vertex s = getVertex(source);
+        if (s == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        Vertex t = getVertex(target);
+        if (t == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return s.outEdges.remove(t) != null && t.inEdges.remove(s) != null;
+
+    }
+
+    public void removeEdge(Edge edge) {
+        edge.sourceVertex.outEdges.remove(edge.targetVertex);
+        edge.targetVertex.inEdges.remove(edge.sourceVertex);
+    }
+
+    public void removeVertex(Vertex vertex) {
+        vertices.remove(vertex.getValue());
+        for (Edge e : new ArrayList<Edge>(vertex.outEdges.values())) {
+            removeEdge(e);
+        }
+        for (Edge e : new ArrayList<Edge>(vertex.inEdges.values())) {
+            removeEdge(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Edge getEdge(Vertex source, Vertex target) {
+        return source.outEdges.get(target);
+    }
+
+    public Edge getEdge(V source, V target) {
+        Vertex sv = getVertex(source);
+        if (sv == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        Vertex tv = getVertex(target);
+        if (tv == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return getEdge(getVertex(source), getVertex(target));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
+        for (Vertex v : vertices.values()) {
+            sb.append(v.outEdges.values()).append("\n");
+        }
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    public Map<V, Vertex> getVertices() {
+        return vertices;
+    }
+
+    public void addGraph(PhaseSorter<V> otherGraph) {
+        for (Vertex v : otherGraph.vertices.values()) {
+            for (Edge e : v.outEdges.values()) {
+                addEdge(e.sourceVertex.value, e.targetVertex.value);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Vertex getFirst() {
+        for (Vertex v : vertices.values()) {
+            if (v.inEdges.isEmpty()) {
+                return v;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!vertices.isEmpty()) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Circular ordering has been detected: " + toString());
+        } else {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public List<V> topologicalSort(boolean readOnly) {
+        PhaseSorter<V> graph = (!readOnly) ? this : (PhaseSorter<V>)clone();
+        List<V> list = new ArrayList<V>();
+        while (true) {
+            Vertex v = graph.getFirst();
+            if (v == null) {
+                break;
+            }
+            list.add(v.getValue());
+            graph.removeVertex(v);
+        }
+
+        return list;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object clone() {
+        PhaseSorter<V> copy = new PhaseSorter<V>();
+        copy.addGraph(this);
+        return copy;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/ProxyCreationException.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/ProxyCreationException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0b36b178f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/ProxyCreationException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.factory.ObjectCreationException;
+
+
+/**
+ * Denotes an error creating a proxy
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class ProxyCreationException extends ObjectCreationException {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 8002454344828513781L;
+
+    public ProxyCreationException() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    public ProxyCreationException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+        super(message, cause);
+    }
+
+    public ProxyCreationException(String message) {
+        super(message);
+    }
+
+    public ProxyCreationException(Throwable cause) {
+        super(cause);
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/ProxyFactory.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/ProxyFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cb836e42c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/ProxyFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeWire;
+import org.osoa.sca.CallableReference;
+
+/**
+ * Creates proxies that implement Java interfaces and invocation handlers for fronting wires
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+
+public interface ProxyFactory {
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a Java proxy for the given wire
+     *
+     * @param interfaze the interface the proxy implements
+     * @param wire      the wire to proxy
+     * @return the proxy
+     * @throws ProxyCreationException
+     */
+    <T> T createProxy(Class<T> interfaze, RuntimeWire wire) throws ProxyCreationException;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a Java proxy for the given CallableReference
+     *
+     * @param callableReference The CallableReference
+     * @return the proxy
+     * @throws ProxyCreationException
+     */
+    <T> T createProxy(CallableReference<T> callableReference) throws ProxyCreationException;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a Java proxy for the service contract callback
+     *
+     * @param interfaze the interface the proxy should implement
+     * @return the proxy
+     * @throws ProxyCreationException
+     */
+    <T> T createCallbackProxy(Class<T> interfaze, List<RuntimeWire> wires) throws ProxyCreationException;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a Java proxy for the given callback reference
+     *
+     * @param callableReference The CallableReference
+     * @return the proxy
+     * @throws ProxyCreationException
+     */
+    <T> T createCallbackProxy(CallbackReferenceImpl<T> callbackReference) throws ProxyCreationException;
+
+    /**
+     * Cast a proxy to a CallableReference.
+     *
+     * @param target a proxy generated by this implementation
+     * @return a CallableReference (or subclass) equivalent to this proxy
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the object supplied is not a proxy
+     */
+    <B, R extends CallableReference<B>> R cast(B target) throws IllegalArgumentException;
+    
+    /**
+     * Test if a given class is a generated proxy class by this factory
+     * @param clazz A java class or interface
+     * @return true if the class is a generated proxy class by this factory 
+     */
+    boolean isProxyClass(Class<?> clazz);
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/ProxyFactoryExtensionPoint.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/ProxyFactoryExtensionPoint.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fdd710c465
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/ProxyFactoryExtensionPoint.java
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.InterfaceContractMapper;
+
+/**
+ * The extension point to plug in proxy factories
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public interface ProxyFactoryExtensionPoint extends ProxyFactory {
+    /**
+     * Get the proxy factory for java interfaces
+     * @return
+     */
+    ProxyFactory getInterfaceProxyFactory();
+
+    /**
+     * Get the proxy factory for java classes
+     * @return
+     */
+    ProxyFactory getClassProxyFactory();
+
+    /**
+     * Set the proxy factory for java interfaces
+     * @param factory
+     */
+    void setInterfaceProxyFactory(ProxyFactory factory);
+
+    /**
+     * Set the proxy factory for java classes
+     * @param factory
+     */
+    void setClassProxyFactory(ProxyFactory factory);
+    
+    /**
+     * @return the interfaceContractMapper
+     */
+    InterfaceContractMapper getInterfaceContractMapper();
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/RuntimeWireInvoker.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/RuntimeWireInvoker.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c007669bdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/RuntimeWireInvoker.java
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.context.InstanceWrapper;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ConversationManager;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ConversationState;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ExtendedConversation;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope.Scope;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope.ScopeContainer;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope.ScopedRuntimeComponent;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope.TargetDestructionException;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope.TargetResolutionException;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.ConversationSequence;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.InterfaceContract;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.Operation;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.InvocationChain;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Invoker;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Message;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.MessageFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.EndpointReference;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.ReferenceParameters;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeWire;
+import org.osoa.sca.ConversationEndedException;
+import org.osoa.sca.ServiceRuntimeException;
+
+/**
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class RuntimeWireInvoker {
+    protected ConversationManager conversationManager;
+    protected boolean conversational;
+    protected ExtendedConversation conversation;
+    protected MessageFactory messageFactory;
+    protected Object conversationID;
+    protected Object callbackID;
+    protected Object callbackObject;
+    protected RuntimeWire wire;
+
+    public RuntimeWireInvoker(MessageFactory messageFactory, ConversationManager conversationManager, RuntimeWire wire) {
+        this.messageFactory = messageFactory;
+        this.wire = wire;
+        this.conversationManager = conversationManager;
+        init(wire);
+    }
+
+    protected void init(RuntimeWire wire) {
+        if (wire != null) {
+            ReferenceParameters parameters = wire.getSource().getReferenceParameters();
+            this.callbackID = parameters.getCallbackID();
+            this.callbackObject = parameters.getCallbackReference();
+            this.conversationID = parameters.getConversationID();
+            InterfaceContract contract = wire.getSource().getInterfaceContract();
+            this.conversational = contract.getInterface().isConversational();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Object invoke(Operation operation, Message msg) throws InvocationTargetException {
+        return invoke(wire, operation, msg);
+    }
+
+    public Object invoke(RuntimeWire wire, Operation operation, Message msg) throws InvocationTargetException {
+        RuntimeWire runtimeWire = wire == null ? this.wire : wire;
+        InvocationChain chain = runtimeWire.getInvocationChain(operation);
+        return invoke(chain, msg, runtimeWire);
+    }
+
+    protected Object invoke(InvocationChain chain, Message msg, RuntimeWire wire) throws InvocationTargetException {
+        EndpointReference from = msg.getFrom();
+        EndpointReference epFrom = wire.getSource();
+        if (from != null) {
+            from.mergeEndpoint(epFrom);
+        } else {
+            msg.setFrom(epFrom);
+        }
+        msg.setTo(wire.getTarget());
+
+        Invoker headInvoker = chain.getHeadInvoker();
+        Operation operation = chain.getTargetOperation();
+        msg.setOperation(operation);
+
+        Message msgContext = ThreadMessageContext.getMessageContext();
+        Object currentConversationID = msgContext.getFrom().getReferenceParameters().getConversationID();
+
+        ThreadMessageContext.setMessageContext(msg);
+        try {
+            conversationPreinvoke(msg);
+            // handleCallback(msg, currentConversationID);
+            // dispatch the wire down the chain and get the response
+            Message resp = headInvoker.invoke(msg);
+            Object body = resp.getBody();
+            if (resp.isFault()) {
+                throw new InvocationTargetException((Throwable)body);
+            }
+            return body;
+        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
+            throw e;
+        } catch (Throwable e) {
+            throw new ServiceRuntimeException(e);
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                conversationPostInvoke(msg);
+            } catch (TargetDestructionException e) {
+                throw new ServiceRuntimeException(e);
+            } finally {
+                ThreadMessageContext.setMessageContext(msgContext);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param msgContext
+     */
+    protected EndpointReference getCallbackEndpoint(Message msgContext) {
+        EndpointReference from = msgContext.getFrom();
+        return from == null ? null : from.getReferenceParameters().getCallbackReference();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pre-invoke for the conversation handling
+     * @param msg
+     * @throws TargetResolutionException
+     */
+    private void conversationPreinvoke(Message msg) {
+        if (conversational) {
+            ReferenceParameters parameters = msg.getFrom().getReferenceParameters();
+            // in some cases the ConversationID that should be used comes in with the 
+            // message, e.g. when ws binding is in use.
+            Object convID = parameters.getConversationID();
+            if (convID != null) {
+                conversationID = convID;
+            }
+            conversation = conversationManager.getConversation(conversationID);
+            
+            if (conversation == null || conversation.getState() == ConversationState.ENDED) {
+                conversation = conversationManager.startConversation(conversationID);
+                conversation.initializeConversationAttributes(wire.getTarget().getComponent());
+            } else if (conversation.conversationalAttributesInitialized() == false) {
+                conversation.initializeConversationAttributes(wire.getTarget().getComponent());
+            } else if (conversation.isExpired()){
+            	throw new ConversationEndedException("Conversation has expired.");
+            }
+            
+            conversation.updateLastReferencedTime();
+    
+            parameters.setConversationID(conversation.getConversationID());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Post-invoke for the conversation handling
+     * @param wire
+     * @param operation
+     * @throws TargetDestructionException
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    private void conversationPostInvoke(Message msg) throws TargetDestructionException {
+        if (conversational) {       
+            Operation operation = msg.getOperation();
+            ConversationSequence sequence = operation.getConversationSequence();
+            if (sequence == ConversationSequence.CONVERSATION_END) {
+                // in some cases the ConversationID that should be used comes in with the 
+                // message, e.g. when ws binding is in use. 
+                Object convID = msg.getFrom().getReferenceParameters().getConversationID();
+                if (convID != null) {
+                    conversationID = convID;
+                }
+                conversation = conversationManager.getConversation(conversationID);            
+    
+                // remove conversation id from scope container
+                ScopeContainer scopeContainer = getConversationalScopeContainer(msg);
+    
+                if (scopeContainer != null) {
+                    scopeContainer.remove(conversation.getConversationID());
+                }
+                
+                conversation.end();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    private ScopeContainer getConversationalScopeContainer(Message msg) {
+        ScopeContainer scopeContainer = null;
+
+        RuntimeComponent component = msg.getTo().getComponent();
+
+        if (component instanceof ScopedRuntimeComponent) {
+            ScopedRuntimeComponent scopedRuntimeComponent = (ScopedRuntimeComponent)component;
+            ScopeContainer container = scopedRuntimeComponent.getScopeContainer();
+
+            if ((container != null) && (container.getScope() == Scope.CONVERSATION)) {
+                scopeContainer = container;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return scopeContainer;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Minimal wrapper for a callback object contained in a ServiceReference
+     */
+    private static class CallbackObjectWrapper<T> implements InstanceWrapper<T> {
+
+        private T instance;
+
+        private CallbackObjectWrapper(T instance) {
+            this.instance = instance;
+        }
+
+        public T getInstance() {
+            return instance;
+        }
+
+        public void start() {
+            // do nothing
+        }
+
+        public void stop() {
+            // do nothing
+        }
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/TargetInvocationException.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/TargetInvocationException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2c4d657882
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/TargetInvocationException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation;
+
+/**
+ * Raised when an error is encountered during a target invocation
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class TargetInvocationException extends Exception {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = -6553427708442761743L;
+
+    public TargetInvocationException() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    public TargetInvocationException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+        super(message, cause);
+    }
+
+    public TargetInvocationException(String message) {
+        super(message);
+    }
+
+    public TargetInvocationException(Throwable cause) {
+        super(cause);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/ThreadMessageContext.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/ThreadMessageContext.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..504bd9b036
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/ThreadMessageContext.java
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly.EndpointReferenceImpl;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Message;
+
+/**
+ * Class for tunnelling a WorkContext through the invocation of a user class.
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public final class ThreadMessageContext {
+
+    private static final ThreadLocal<Message> CONTEXT = new ThreadLocal<Message>() {
+        @Override
+        protected synchronized Message initialValue() {
+            Message msg =  new MessageImpl();
+            msg.setFrom(new EndpointReferenceImpl("/"));
+            return msg;
+        }
+    };
+
+    private ThreadMessageContext() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the WorkContext for the current thread.
+     * The current work context is returned and must be restored after the invocation is complete.
+     * Typical usage would be:
+     * <pre>
+     *   WorkContext old = PojoWorkContextTunnel.setThreadWorkContext(newContext);
+     *   try {
+     *      ... invoke user code ...
+     *   } finally {
+     *     PojoWorkContextTunnel.setThreadWorkContext(old);
+     *   }
+     * </pre>
+     * @param context
+     * @return the current work context for the thread; this must be restored after the invocation is made
+     */
+    public static Message setMessageContext(Message context) {
+        Message old = CONTEXT.get();
+        CONTEXT.set(context);
+        return old;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the WorkContext for the current thread.
+     *
+     * @return the WorkContext for the current thread
+     */
+    public static Message getMessageContext() {
+        return CONTEXT.get();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/WireObjectFactory.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/WireObjectFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..246f9c45d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/WireObjectFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.context.ServiceReferenceImpl;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.factory.ObjectCreationException;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.factory.ObjectFactory;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeWire;
+
+/**
+ * Uses a wire to return an object instance
+ * 
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class WireObjectFactory<T> implements ObjectFactory<T> {
+    private Class<T> interfaze;
+    private RuntimeWire wire;
+    private ProxyFactory proxyService;
+    
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     * 
+     * @param interfaze the interface to inject on the client
+     * @param wire the backing wire
+     * @param proxyService the wire service to create the proxy
+     * @throws NoMethodForOperationException
+     */
+    public WireObjectFactory(Class<T> interfaze, RuntimeWire wire, ProxyFactory proxyService) {
+        this.interfaze = interfaze;
+        this.wire = wire;
+        this.proxyService = proxyService;
+    }
+
+    public T getInstance() throws ObjectCreationException {
+        return new ServiceReferenceImpl<T>(interfaze, wire, proxyService).getProxy();
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/AbstractScopeContainer.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/AbstractScopeContainer.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1168d1d0dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/AbstractScopeContainer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.context.InstanceWrapper;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.event.Event;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.provider.ImplementationProvider;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+
+/**
+ * Implements functionality common to scope contexts.
+ * 
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public abstract class AbstractScopeContainer<KEY> implements ScopeContainer<KEY> {
+    protected Map<KEY, InstanceWrapper<?>> wrappers = new ConcurrentHashMap<KEY, InstanceWrapper<?>>();
+    protected final Scope scope;
+
+    protected RuntimeComponent component;
+    protected volatile int lifecycleState = UNINITIALIZED;
+
+
+    public AbstractScopeContainer(Scope scope, RuntimeComponent component) {
+        this.scope = scope;
+        this.component = component;
+    }
+
+    protected void checkInit() {
+        if (getLifecycleState() != RUNNING) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Scope container not running [" + getLifecycleState() + "]");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new physical instance of a component, wrapped in an
+     * InstanceWrapper.
+     * 
+     * @param component the component whose instance should be created
+     * @return a wrapped instance that has been injected but not yet started
+     * @throws TargetResolutionException if there was a problem creating the
+     *             instance
+     */
+    protected InstanceWrapper createInstanceWrapper() throws TargetResolutionException {
+        ImplementationProvider implementationProvider = component.getImplementationProvider();
+        if (implementationProvider instanceof ScopedImplementationProvider) {
+            return ((ScopedImplementationProvider)implementationProvider).createInstanceWrapper();
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public InstanceWrapper getAssociatedWrapper(KEY contextId) throws TargetResolutionException {
+        return getWrapper(contextId); // TODO: what is this method supposed to do diff than getWrapper? 
+    }
+
+    public Scope getScope() {
+        return scope;
+    }
+
+    public InstanceWrapper getWrapper(KEY contextId) throws TargetResolutionException {
+        return wrappers.get(contextId);
+    }
+    
+    public void addWrapperReference(KEY existingContextId, KEY newContextId) 
+      throws TargetResolutionException {
+        // do nothing here. the conversational scope container implements this
+    }
+
+    public void registerWrapper(InstanceWrapper wrapper, KEY contextId) throws TargetResolutionException { 
+        // do nothing here. the conversational scope container implements this
+    }
+
+    public void onEvent(Event event) {
+    }
+
+    protected boolean isEagerInit() {
+        ImplementationProvider implementationProvider = ((RuntimeComponent)component).getImplementationProvider();
+        if (implementationProvider instanceof ScopedImplementationProvider) {
+            return ((ScopedImplementationProvider)implementationProvider).isEagerInit();
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public void returnWrapper(InstanceWrapper wrapper, KEY contextId) throws TargetDestructionException {
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Default implementation of remove which does nothing 
+     * 
+     * @param contextId the identifier of the context to remove. 
+     */
+    public void remove(KEY contextId) 
+        throws TargetDestructionException {
+    }    
+
+    public synchronized void start() {
+        int lifecycleState = getLifecycleState();
+        if (lifecycleState != UNINITIALIZED && lifecycleState != STOPPED) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Scope must be in UNINITIALIZED or STOPPED state [" + lifecycleState + "]");
+        }
+        setLifecycleState(RUNNING);
+    }
+
+    public void startContext(KEY contextId) {
+        if(isEagerInit()) {
+            try {
+                getWrapper(contextId);
+            } catch (TargetResolutionException e) {
+                // 
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void stop() {
+        int lifecycleState = getLifecycleState();
+        if (lifecycleState != RUNNING) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Scope in wrong state [" + lifecycleState + "]");
+        }
+        setLifecycleState(STOPPED);
+    }
+
+    public void stopContext(KEY contextId) {
+        wrappers.remove(contextId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        String s;
+        switch (lifecycleState) {
+            case ScopeContainer.CONFIG_ERROR:
+                s = "CONFIG_ERROR";
+                break;
+            case ScopeContainer.ERROR:
+                s = "ERROR";
+                break;
+            case ScopeContainer.INITIALIZING:
+                s = "INITIALIZING";
+                break;
+            case ScopeContainer.INITIALIZED:
+                s = "INITIALIZED";
+                break;
+            case ScopeContainer.RUNNING:
+                s = "RUNNING";
+                break;
+            case ScopeContainer.STOPPING:
+                s = "STOPPING";
+                break;
+            case ScopeContainer.STOPPED:
+                s = "STOPPED";
+                break;
+            case ScopeContainer.UNINITIALIZED:
+                s = "UNINITIALIZED";
+                break;
+            default:
+                s = "UNKNOWN";
+                break;
+        }
+        return "In state [" + s + ']';
+    }
+
+    public RuntimeComponent getComponent() {
+        return component;
+    }
+
+    public void setComponent(RuntimeComponent component) {
+        this.component = component;
+    }
+
+    public int getLifecycleState() {
+        return lifecycleState;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the current state of the Lifecycle.
+     *
+     * @param lifecycleState the new state
+     */
+    protected void setLifecycleState(int lifecycleState) {
+        this.lifecycleState = lifecycleState;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/CompositeScopeContainer.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/CompositeScopeContainer.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7e7ab7a9e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/CompositeScopeContainer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.context.InstanceWrapper;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+
+/**
+ * A scope context which manages atomic component instances keyed by composite
+ * 
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class CompositeScopeContainer<KEY> extends AbstractScopeContainer<KEY> {
+    private InstanceWrapper<?> wrapper;
+
+    public CompositeScopeContainer(RuntimeComponent component) {
+        super(Scope.COMPOSITE, component);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void stop() {
+        super.stop();
+        if (wrapper != null) {
+            try {
+                wrapper.stop();
+            } catch (TargetDestructionException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+            }
+        }
+        wrapper = null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized InstanceWrapper getWrapper(KEY contextId) throws TargetResolutionException {
+        if (wrapper == null) {
+            wrapper = createInstanceWrapper();
+            wrapper.start();
+        }
+        return wrapper;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public InstanceWrapper getAssociatedWrapper(KEY contextId) throws TargetResolutionException {
+        if (wrapper == null) {
+            throw new TargetNotFoundException(component.getURI());
+        }
+        return wrapper;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void start() {
+        super.start();
+        if (isEagerInit()) {
+            try {
+                getWrapper(null);
+            } catch (TargetResolutionException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/CompositeScopeContainerFactory.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/CompositeScopeContainerFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..786988613b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/CompositeScopeContainerFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+
+/**
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class CompositeScopeContainerFactory implements ScopeContainerFactory {
+
+    public ScopeContainer createScopeContainer(RuntimeComponent component) {
+        return new CompositeScopeContainer(component);
+    }
+
+    public Scope getScope() {
+        return Scope.COMPOSITE;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/ConversationalScopeContainer.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/ConversationalScopeContainer.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..deea96e641
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/ConversationalScopeContainer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+/*

+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one

+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file

+ * distributed with this work for additional information

+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file

+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the

+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance

+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

+ * 

+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

+ * 

+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,

+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an

+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY

+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the

+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations

+ * under the License.    

+ */

+

+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope;

+

+import java.util.ArrayList;

+import java.util.List;

+import java.util.Map;

+import java.util.UUID;

+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

+

+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.context.InstanceWrapper;

+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ConversationListener;

+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ConversationManager;

+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ExtendedConversation;

+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.ThreadMessageContext;

+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Message;

+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;

+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.store.Store;

+

+/**

+ * A scope context which manages atomic component instances keyed on ConversationID

+ *

+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$

+ */

+public class ConversationalScopeContainer extends AbstractScopeContainer<Object> implements ConversationListener {

+    private ConversationManager conversationManager;

+    private Map<Object, InstanceLifeCycleWrapper> instanceLifecycleCollection =

+        new ConcurrentHashMap<Object, InstanceLifeCycleWrapper>();

+

+    public ConversationalScopeContainer(Store aStore, RuntimeComponent component) {

+        super(Scope.CONVERSATION, component);

+

+        // Note: aStore is here to preserve the original factory interface. It is not currently used in this 

+        // implementation since we do not support instance persistence.

+

+        // Check System properties to see if timeout values have been specified. All timeout values 

+        // will be specified in seconds.

+        //

+

+    }

+

+

+    protected InstanceWrapper getInstanceWrapper(boolean create, Object contextId) throws TargetResolutionException {

+

+        // we might get a null context if the target service has

+        // conversational scope but only its callback interface 

+        // is conversational. In this case we need to invent a 

+        // conversation Id here to store the service against

+        // and populate the thread context

+        if (contextId == null) {

+            contextId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();

+            Message msgContext = ThreadMessageContext.getMessageContext();

+

+            if (msgContext != null) {

+                msgContext.getFrom().getReferenceParameters().setConversationID(contextId);

+            }

+        }    

+        

+        InstanceLifeCycleWrapper anInstanceWrapper = this.instanceLifecycleCollection.get(contextId);

+

+        if (anInstanceWrapper == null && !create)

+            return null;

+

+        if (anInstanceWrapper == null) {

+            anInstanceWrapper = new InstanceLifeCycleWrapper(contextId);

+            this.instanceLifecycleCollection.put(contextId, anInstanceWrapper);

+        }

+

+        return anInstanceWrapper.getInstanceWrapper(contextId);

+

+    }

+

+    @Override

+    public InstanceWrapper getWrapper(Object contextId) throws TargetResolutionException {

+        return getInstanceWrapper(true, contextId);

+    }

+

+    /**

+     * This method allows a new context id to be registered alongside an existing one. This happens in

+     * one case, when a conversation includes a stateful callback. The client component instance

+ 	 * must be registered against all outgoing conversation ids so that the component instance 

+	 * can be found when the callback arrives

+	 * 

+     * @param existingContextId the context id against which the component is already registered

+     * @param context this should be a conversation object so that the conversation can b stored 

+     *                and reset when the component instance is removed

+     */

+    public void addWrapperReference(Object existingContextId, Object contextId) throws TargetResolutionException {

+       

+        

+        // get the instance wrapper via the existing id

+        InstanceLifeCycleWrapper existingInstanceWrapper = this.instanceLifecycleCollection.get(existingContextId);

+        InstanceLifeCycleWrapper newInstanceWrapper = this.instanceLifecycleCollection.get(contextId);

+

+        // only add the extra reference once

+        if (newInstanceWrapper == null) {

+            // add the id to the list of ids that the wrapper holds. Used for reference

+            // counting and conversation resetting on destruction. 

+            existingInstanceWrapper.addCallbackConversation(contextId);

+

+            // add the reference to the collection

+            this.instanceLifecycleCollection.put(contextId, existingInstanceWrapper);

+        }

+    }

+

+    public void registerWrapper(InstanceWrapper wrapper, Object contextId) throws TargetResolutionException {

+        // if a wrapper for a different instance is already registered for this contextId, remove it

+        InstanceLifeCycleWrapper anInstanceWrapper = this.instanceLifecycleCollection.get(contextId);

+        if (anInstanceWrapper != null) {

+            if (anInstanceWrapper.getInstanceWrapper(contextId).getInstance() != wrapper.getInstance()) {

+                remove(contextId);

+            } else {

+                return;

+            }

+        }

+

+        anInstanceWrapper = new InstanceLifeCycleWrapper(wrapper, contextId);

+        this.instanceLifecycleCollection.put(contextId, anInstanceWrapper);

+    }

+

+    // The remove is invoked when a conversation is explicitly ended. This can occur by using the @EndsConversation or API.  

+    // In this case the instance is immediately removed. A new conversation will be started on the next operation

+    // associated with this conversationId's service reference. 

+    //

+    @Override

+    public void remove(Object contextId) throws TargetDestructionException {

+        if (contextId != null) {

+            if (this.instanceLifecycleCollection.containsKey(contextId)) {

+                InstanceLifeCycleWrapper anInstanceLifeCycleWrapper = this.instanceLifecycleCollection.get(contextId);

+                this.instanceLifecycleCollection.remove(contextId);

+                anInstanceLifeCycleWrapper.removeInstanceWrapper(contextId);

+            }

+        }

+    }

+

+    /*

+     *  This is an inner class that keeps track of the lifecycle of a conversation scoped 

+	 *  implementation instance. 

+	 * 

+	 */

+

+    private class InstanceLifeCycleWrapper {

+        private Object clientConversationId;

+        private List<Object> callbackConversations = new ArrayList<Object>();

+

+        private InstanceLifeCycleWrapper(Object contextId) throws TargetResolutionException {

+            this.clientConversationId = contextId;

+            this.createInstance(contextId);

+        }

+

+        private InstanceLifeCycleWrapper(InstanceWrapper wrapper, Object contextId) throws TargetResolutionException {

+            this.clientConversationId = contextId;

+            wrappers.put(contextId, wrapper);

+        }

+

+

+        // Associates a callback conversation with this instance. Each time the scope container

+        // is asked to remove an object given a ontextId an associated conversation object will 

+        // have its conversationId reset to null. When the list of ids is empty the component instance

+        // will be removed from the scope container

+        private void addCallbackConversation(Object conversationID) {

+            InstanceWrapper ctx = getInstanceWrapper(clientConversationId);

+            callbackConversations.add(conversationID);

+            wrappers.put(conversationID, ctx);

+        }

+

+        //

+        // Return the backing implementation instance  

+        //

+        private InstanceWrapper getInstanceWrapper(Object contextId) {

+            InstanceWrapper ctx = wrappers.get(contextId);

+            return ctx;

+        }

+

+        private void removeInstanceWrapper(Object contextId) throws TargetDestructionException {

+            InstanceWrapper ctx = getInstanceWrapper(contextId);

+            wrappers.remove(contextId);

+

+            // find out if we are dealing with the original client conversation id

+            // and reset accordingly

+            if ( ( clientConversationId != null ) && ( clientConversationId.equals(contextId)) ) {

+                clientConversationId = null;

+            } else {

+                // reset the conversationId in the conversation object if present 

+                // so that and ending callback causes the conversation in the originating

+                // service reference in the client to be reset

+                callbackConversations.remove(contextId);

+            }

+

+            // stop the component if this removes the last reference

+            if (clientConversationId == null && callbackConversations.isEmpty()) {

+                ctx.stop();

+            }

+        }

+

+        private void createInstance(Object contextId) throws TargetResolutionException {

+            InstanceWrapper instanceWrapper = createInstanceWrapper();

+            instanceWrapper.start();

+            wrappers.put(contextId, instanceWrapper);

+        }

+

+    }

+

+    /**

+	  * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ConversationListener#conversationEnded(org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ExtendedConversation)

+	  */

+    public void conversationEnded(ExtendedConversation conversation) {

+        try {

+            remove(conversation.getConversationID());

+        } catch (Exception ex) {

+            

+        }

+    }

+

+    /**

+	  * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ConversationListener#conversationExpired(org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ExtendedConversation)

+	  */

+    public void conversationExpired(ExtendedConversation conversation) {

+    	

+    	Object conversationId = conversation.getConversationID();

+    	InstanceLifeCycleWrapper ilcw = instanceLifecycleCollection.get(conversationId);

+    	if (ilcw != null) {

+    		// cycle through all the references to this instance and

+    		// remove them from the underlying wrappers collection and

+    		// from the lifecycle wrappers collection

+    		

+    		for (Object conversationID : ilcw.callbackConversations) {

+    			try{

+        			ilcw.removeInstanceWrapper(conversationID);

+    				remove(conversationID);

+                } catch(TargetDestructionException tde) {

+    				System.out.println("Could not remove conversation id " + conversationID);

+    			}

+    		}

+    			

+    		

+    		if (ilcw.clientConversationId != null) {

+    			try{

+        			ilcw.removeInstanceWrapper(ilcw.clientConversationId);

+    				remove(ilcw.clientConversationId);

+                } catch(TargetDestructionException tde) {

+    				System.out.println("Could not remove conversation id " + ilcw.clientConversationId);

+    			}

+    		}

+    		

+        }

+    	

+    }

+

+    /**

+	  * @see org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ConversationListener#conversationStarted(org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.conversation.ExtendedConversation)

+	  */

+    public void conversationStarted(ExtendedConversation conversation) {

+        startContext(conversation.getConversationID());

+    }

+

+    /**

+	  * @return the conversationManager

+	  */

+    public ConversationManager getConversationManager() {

+        return conversationManager;

+    }

+

+    /**

+	  * @param conversationManager the conversationManager to set

+	  */

+    public void setConversationManager(ConversationManager conversationManager) {

+        this.conversationManager = conversationManager;

+    }

+

+}

diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/ConversationalScopeContainerFactory.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/ConversationalScopeContainerFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a6663aba09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/ConversationalScopeContainerFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.store.Store;
+
+/**
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class ConversationalScopeContainerFactory implements ScopeContainerFactory {
+    private Store store;
+
+    public ConversationalScopeContainerFactory(Store store) {
+        super();
+        this.store = store;
+    }
+
+    public ScopeContainer createScopeContainer(RuntimeComponent component) {
+        return new ConversationalScopeContainer(store, component);
+    }
+
+    public Scope getScope() {
+        return Scope.CONVERSATION;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/HttpSessionScopeContainer.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/HttpSessionScopeContainer.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5ae8b94647
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/HttpSessionScopeContainer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.context.InstanceWrapper;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.event.HttpSessionEnd;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.event.Event;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+
+/**
+ * A scope context which manages atomic component instances keyed on HTTP
+ * session
+ * 
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class HttpSessionScopeContainer extends AbstractScopeContainer<Object> {
+
+    public HttpSessionScopeContainer(RuntimeComponent component) {
+        super(Scope.SESSION, component);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onEvent(Event event) {
+        checkInit();
+        if (event instanceof HttpSessionEnd) {
+            //FIXME key is not used
+            //Object key = ((HttpSessionEnd)event).getSessionID();
+            // FIXME: Remove the session id
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void start() {
+        if (lifecycleState != UNINITIALIZED && lifecycleState != STOPPED) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Scope must be in UNINITIALIZED or STOPPED state [" + lifecycleState + "]");
+        }
+        lifecycleState = RUNNING;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void stop() {
+        lifecycleState = STOPPED;
+    }
+
+    protected InstanceWrapper getInstanceWrapper(boolean create) throws TargetResolutionException {
+//        Object key = workContext.getIdentifier(Scope.SESSION);
+        // FIXME: Need to fix this
+        Object key ="http-session-id";
+        assert key != null : "HTTP session key not bound in work context";
+        InstanceWrapper ctx = wrappers.get(key);
+        if (ctx == null && !create) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        if (ctx == null) {
+            ctx = super.createInstanceWrapper();
+            ctx.start();
+            wrappers.put(key, ctx);
+        }
+        return ctx;
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public InstanceWrapper getWrapper(Object contextId) throws TargetResolutionException {
+        return getInstanceWrapper(true);
+    }    
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/HttpSessionScopeContainerFactory.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/HttpSessionScopeContainerFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..49f89661b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/HttpSessionScopeContainerFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+
+/**
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class HttpSessionScopeContainerFactory implements ScopeContainerFactory {
+
+    public HttpSessionScopeContainerFactory() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    public ScopeContainer createScopeContainer(RuntimeComponent component) {
+        return new HttpSessionScopeContainer(component);
+    }
+
+    public Scope getScope() {
+        return Scope.SESSION;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/RequestScopeContainer.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/RequestScopeContainer.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f11a61e662
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/RequestScopeContainer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.context.InstanceWrapper;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.event.RequestEnd;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.event.Event;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+
+/**
+ * A scope context which manages atomic component instances keyed on the current
+ * request context
+ * 
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class RequestScopeContainer extends AbstractScopeContainer<Thread> {
+    private final Map<Thread, InstanceWrapper> contexts;
+
+    public RequestScopeContainer(RuntimeComponent component) {
+        super(Scope.REQUEST, component);
+        contexts = new ConcurrentHashMap<Thread, InstanceWrapper>();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onEvent(Event event) {
+        checkInit();
+        if (event instanceof RequestEnd) {
+            // shutdownInstances(Thread.currentThread());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void start() {
+        if (lifecycleState != UNINITIALIZED && lifecycleState != STOPPED) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Scope must be in UNINITIALIZED or STOPPED state [" + lifecycleState + "]");
+        }
+        lifecycleState = RUNNING;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void stop() {
+        contexts.clear();
+        // synchronized (destroyQueues) {
+        // destroyQueues.clear();
+        // }
+        lifecycleState = STOPPED;
+    }
+
+    protected InstanceWrapper getInstanceWrapper(boolean create) throws TargetResolutionException {
+        InstanceWrapper ctx = wrappers.get(Thread.currentThread());
+        if (ctx == null && !create) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        if (ctx == null) {
+            ctx = super.createInstanceWrapper();
+            ctx.start();
+            wrappers.put(Thread.currentThread(), ctx);
+        }
+        return ctx;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public InstanceWrapper getWrapper(Thread contextId) throws TargetResolutionException {
+        return getInstanceWrapper(true);
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/RequestScopeContainerFactory.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/RequestScopeContainerFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1cfb6b06a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/RequestScopeContainerFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+
+/**
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class RequestScopeContainerFactory implements ScopeContainerFactory {
+
+    public ScopeContainer createScopeContainer(RuntimeComponent component) {
+        return new RequestScopeContainer(component);
+    }
+
+    public Scope getScope() {
+        return Scope.REQUEST;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/Scope.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/Scope.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0a20d793f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/Scope.java
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope;
+
+/**
+ * The default implementation scopes supported by assemblies.
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class Scope {
+    public static final Scope STATELESS = new Scope("STATELESS");
+    public static final Scope REQUEST = new Scope("REQUEST");
+    public static final Scope SESSION = new Scope("SESSION");
+    public static final Scope CONVERSATION = new Scope("CONVERSATION");
+    public static final Scope COMPOSITE = new Scope("COMPOSITE");
+    public static final Scope SYSTEM = new Scope("SYSTEM");
+    public static final Scope UNDEFINED = new Scope("UNDEFINED");
+
+    private String scope;
+
+    public Scope(String scope) {
+        this.scope = scope.toUpperCase().intern();
+    }
+
+    public String getScope() {
+        return scope;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (this == o) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        final Scope scope1 = (Scope) o;
+        return !(scope != null ? scope != scope1.scope.intern() : scope1.scope != null);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return scope != null ? scope.hashCode() : 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return scope;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/ScopeContainer.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/ScopeContainer.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6b2980b989
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/ScopeContainer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.context.InstanceWrapper;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.event.RuntimeEventListener;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+
+
+/**
+ * Manages the lifecycle and visibility of instances associated with a an {@link RuntimeComponent}.
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ * @param <KEY> the type of IDs that this container uses to identify its contexts.
+ * For example, for COMPOSITE scope this could be the URI of the composite component,
+ * or for HTTP Session scope it might be the HTTP session ID.
+ */
+public interface ScopeContainer<KEY> extends RuntimeEventListener {
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the Scope that this container supports.
+     *
+     * @return the Scope that this container supports
+     */
+    Scope getScope();
+
+    /**
+     * Start a new context with the supplied ID.
+     *
+     * @param contextId an ID that uniquely identifies the context.
+     */
+    void startContext(KEY contextId);
+
+    /**
+     * Stop the context with the supplied ID.
+     *
+     * @param contextId an ID that uniquely identifies the context.
+     */
+    void stopContext(KEY contextId);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an instance wrapper associated with the current scope context, creating one if necessary
+     * @param contextId the id for the scope context
+     *
+     * @return the wrapper for the target instance
+     * @throws TargetResolutionException if there was a problem instantiating the target instance
+     */
+    InstanceWrapper getWrapper(KEY contextId) throws TargetResolutionException;
+     
+    /**
+     * Allows a component to be registered against more than one context id. This is required in the
+     * case of stateful callbacks where we want to identify the originating client component instance 
+     * as the callback target but we don't want to reuse the clients original conversation id
+     * 
+     * @param existingContextId  an id that identifies an existing component instance
+     * @param newContextId a new id against which this component will also be registered
+     * @throws TargetResolutionException
+     */
+    void addWrapperReference(KEY existingContextId, KEY newContextId) 
+        throws TargetResolutionException;   
+
+    /**
+     * Register an existing instance against a context id.  This is needed
+     * for a stateful callback where the service reference for the forward call
+     * contains a callback object that is not a service reference.
+     * 
+     * @param wrapper the instance wrapper for the instance to be registered
+     * @param contextId the id for the scope context
+     * @throws TargetResolutionException
+     */
+    void registerWrapper(InstanceWrapper wrapper, KEY contextId) 
+        throws TargetResolutionException;   
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an implementation instance associated with the current scope context.
+     * If no instance is found, a {@link TargetNotFoundException} is thrown.
+     * @param contextId the id for the scope context
+     *
+     * @return the wrapper for the target instance
+     * @throws TargetResolutionException if there was a problem instantiating the target instance
+     */
+    InstanceWrapper getAssociatedWrapper(KEY contextId)
+        throws TargetResolutionException;
+
+    /**
+     * Return a wrapper after use (for example, after invoking the instance).
+     * @param wrapper the wrapper for the target instance being returned
+     * @param contextId the id for the scope context
+     *
+     * @throws TargetDestructionException if there was a problem returning the target instance
+     */
+    void returnWrapper(InstanceWrapper wrapper, KEY contextId)
+        throws TargetDestructionException;
+
+    /**
+     * Removes an identified component implementation instance associated with the current 
+     * context from persistent storage
+     *
+     * @param contextId the identifier of the context to remove. 
+     */
+    void remove(KEY contextId) 
+        throws TargetDestructionException;     
+
+    /* A configuration error state */
+    int CONFIG_ERROR = -1;
+    /* Has not been initialized */
+    int UNINITIALIZED = 0;
+    /* In the process of being configured and initialized */
+    int INITIALIZING = 1;
+    /* Instantiated and configured */
+    int INITIALIZED = 2;
+    /* Configured and initialized */
+    int RUNNING = 4;
+    /* In the process of being shutdown */
+    int STOPPING = 5;
+    /* Has been shutdown and removed from the composite */
+    int STOPPED = 6;
+    /* In an error state */
+    int ERROR = 7;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the lifecycle state
+     *
+     * @see #UNINITIALIZED
+     * @see #INITIALIZING
+     * @see #INITIALIZED
+     * @see #RUNNING
+     * @see #STOPPING
+     * @see #STOPPED
+     */
+    int getLifecycleState();
+
+    /**
+     * Starts the Lifecycle.
+     */
+    void start();
+
+    /**
+     * Stops the Lifecycle.
+     */
+    void stop();
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/ScopeContainerFactory.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/ScopeContainerFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b19c14b3e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/ScopeContainerFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+
+/**
+ * Factory to create ScopeContainer for components
+ * 
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public interface ScopeContainerFactory {
+    ScopeContainer createScopeContainer(RuntimeComponent component);
+    Scope getScope();
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/ScopeRegistry.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/ScopeRegistry.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..842ed4c547
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/ScopeRegistry.java
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+
+
+/**
+ * Manages {@link ScopeContainer}s in the runtime
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public interface ScopeRegistry {
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the scope container for the given scope or null if one not found
+     *
+     * @param scope the scope
+     * @return the scope container for the given scope or null if one not found
+     */
+    ScopeContainer getScopeContainer(RuntimeComponent component);
+
+    /**
+     * @param factory
+     */
+    void register(ScopeContainerFactory factory);
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/ScopeRegistryImpl.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/ScopeRegistryImpl.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..75261e11a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/ScopeRegistryImpl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.provider.ImplementationProvider;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+
+/**
+ * The default implementation of a scope registry
+ * 
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class ScopeRegistryImpl implements ScopeRegistry {
+    private final Map<Scope, ScopeContainerFactory> scopeCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<Scope, ScopeContainerFactory>();
+
+    public void register(ScopeContainerFactory factory) {
+        scopeCache.put(factory.getScope(), factory);
+    }
+
+    public ScopeContainer getScopeContainer(RuntimeComponent runtimeComponent) {
+        if (!(runtimeComponent instanceof ScopedRuntimeComponent)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        ScopedRuntimeComponent component = (ScopedRuntimeComponent)runtimeComponent;
+        if (component.getScopeContainer() != null) {
+            return component.getScopeContainer();
+        }
+        ImplementationProvider implementationProvider = component.getImplementationProvider();
+        if (implementationProvider instanceof ScopedImplementationProvider) {
+            ScopedImplementationProvider provider = (ScopedImplementationProvider)implementationProvider;
+            Scope scope = provider.getScope();
+            if (scope == null) {
+                scope = Scope.STATELESS;
+            }
+            ScopeContainerFactory factory = scopeCache.get(scope);
+            ScopeContainer container = factory.createScopeContainer(component);
+            component.setScopeContainer(container);
+            return container;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/ScopedImplementationProvider.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/ScopedImplementationProvider.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..85a6626cdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/ScopedImplementationProvider.java
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.context.InstanceWrapper;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.provider.ImplementationProvider;
+
+/**
+ * A component implementation can implement this interface to provide scope
+ * management for the components
+ * 
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public interface ScopedImplementationProvider extends ImplementationProvider {
+    /**
+     * Get the scope for the component implementation
+     * 
+     * @return The scope for the component implementation, if null is returned,
+     *         STATELESS will be used
+     */
+    Scope getScope();
+
+    /**
+     * Indicate if the component needs to be eagerly initialized
+     * 
+     * @return true if the component is marked to be eagerly initialized, false
+     *         otherwise
+     */
+    boolean isEagerInit();
+    
+    /**
+     * @return the maxAge
+     */
+    long getMaxAge();
+
+    /**
+     * @return the maxIdleTime
+     */
+    long getMaxIdleTime();    
+
+    /**
+     * Create a wrapper for the component instance for the scope management
+     * 
+     * @return A wrapper for the component instance
+     */
+    InstanceWrapper createInstanceWrapper();
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/ScopedRuntimeComponent.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/ScopedRuntimeComponent.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c27b112f8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/ScopedRuntimeComponent.java
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+
+/**
+ * Scoped runtime component
+ * 
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public interface ScopedRuntimeComponent extends RuntimeComponent {
+    /**
+     * Set the associated scope container
+     * @param scopeContainer
+     */
+    void setScopeContainer(ScopeContainer scopeContainer);
+    /**
+     * Get the assoicated scope container
+     * @return
+     */
+    ScopeContainer getScopeContainer();
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/StatelessScopeContainer.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/StatelessScopeContainer.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a2c0edb9b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/StatelessScopeContainer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.context.InstanceWrapper;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+
+/**
+ * A scope context which manages stateless atomic component instances in a non-pooled fashion.
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class StatelessScopeContainer<KEY> extends AbstractScopeContainer<KEY> {
+
+    public StatelessScopeContainer(RuntimeComponent component) {
+        super(Scope.STATELESS, component);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public  InstanceWrapper getWrapper(KEY contextId)
+        throws TargetResolutionException {
+        InstanceWrapper ctx = createInstanceWrapper();
+        ctx.start();
+        return ctx;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public  InstanceWrapper getAssociatedWrapper(KEY contextId)
+        throws TargetResolutionException {
+        return getWrapper(contextId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public  void returnWrapper(InstanceWrapper wrapper, KEY contextId)
+        throws TargetDestructionException {
+        wrapper.stop();
+    }
+    
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/StatelessScopeContainerFactory.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/StatelessScopeContainerFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0471b2c52e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/StatelessScopeContainerFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+
+/**
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class StatelessScopeContainerFactory implements ScopeContainerFactory {
+
+    public ScopeContainer createScopeContainer(RuntimeComponent component) {
+        return new StatelessScopeContainer(component);
+    }
+
+    public Scope getScope() {
+        return Scope.STATELESS;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/TargetDestructionException.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/TargetDestructionException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0f83dad97d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/TargetDestructionException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope;
+
+/**
+ * Denotes an error destroying a target
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class TargetDestructionException extends TargetResolutionException {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = -6126684147851674709L;
+
+    public TargetDestructionException() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    public TargetDestructionException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+        super(message, cause);
+    }
+
+    public TargetDestructionException(String message) {
+        super(message);
+    }
+
+    public TargetDestructionException(Throwable cause) {
+        super(cause);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/TargetInitializationException.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/TargetInitializationException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..15959c0608
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/TargetInitializationException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope;
+
+/**
+ * Denotes an error initializing a target
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class TargetInitializationException extends TargetResolutionException {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = -6228778208649752698L;
+
+    public TargetInitializationException() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    public TargetInitializationException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+        super(message, cause);
+    }
+
+    public TargetInitializationException(String message) {
+        super(message);
+    }
+
+    public TargetInitializationException(Throwable cause) {
+        super(cause);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/TargetNotFoundException.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/TargetNotFoundException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bb46a2499b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/TargetNotFoundException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope;
+
+/**
+ * Thrown when a target of an operation cannot be found
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class TargetNotFoundException extends TargetResolutionException {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 5541830480658471186L;
+
+    public TargetNotFoundException() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    public TargetNotFoundException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+        super(message, cause);
+    }
+
+    public TargetNotFoundException(String message) {
+        super(message);
+    }
+
+    public TargetNotFoundException(Throwable cause) {
+        super(cause);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/TargetResolutionException.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/TargetResolutionException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ea8d0e876c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/TargetResolutionException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope;
+
+/**
+ * Denotes an error retrieving a target instance
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class TargetResolutionException extends Exception {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 2912513650522019405L;
+
+    public TargetResolutionException() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    public TargetResolutionException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+        super(message, cause);
+    }
+
+    public TargetResolutionException(String message) {
+        super(message);
+    }
+
+    public TargetResolutionException(Throwable cause) {
+        super(cause);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/store/MemoryStore.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/store/MemoryStore.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5b838116c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/store/MemoryStore.java
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.store;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.event.BaseEventPublisher;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.store.DuplicateRecordException;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.store.RecoveryListener;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.store.Store;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.store.StoreExpirationEvent;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.store.StoreMonitor;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.store.StoreWriteException;
+import org.osoa.sca.annotations.Destroy;
+import org.osoa.sca.annotations.EagerInit;
+import org.osoa.sca.annotations.Init;
+import org.osoa.sca.annotations.Property;
+import org.osoa.sca.annotations.Service;
+
+/**
+ * Implements a non-durable, non-transactional store using a simple in-memory map
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+@Service(Store.class)
+@EagerInit
+public class MemoryStore extends BaseEventPublisher implements Store {
+    private Map<RuntimeComponent, Map<String, Record>> store;
+    // TODO integrate with a core threading scheme
+    private ScheduledExecutorService scheduler;
+    private long reaperInterval = 300000;
+    private StoreMonitor monitor;
+    private long defaultExpirationOffset = 600000; // 10 minutes
+
+    public MemoryStore(StoreMonitor monitor) {
+        this.monitor = monitor;
+        this.store = new ConcurrentHashMap<RuntimeComponent, Map<String, Record>>();
+        this.scheduler = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the maximum default expiration offset for records in the store
+     *
+     * @return the maximum default expiration offset for records in the store
+     */
+    public long getDefaultExpirationOffset() {
+        return defaultExpirationOffset;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the maximum default expiration offset for records in the store
+     */
+    @Property
+    public void setDefaultExpirationOffset(long defaultExpirationOffset) {
+        this.defaultExpirationOffset = defaultExpirationOffset;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the interval for expired entry scanning to be performed
+     */
+    @Property
+    public void setReaperInterval(long reaperInterval) {
+        this.reaperInterval = reaperInterval;
+    }
+
+    public long getReaperInterval() {
+        return reaperInterval;
+    }
+
+    @Init
+    public void init() {
+        scheduler.scheduleWithFixedDelay(new Reaper(), reaperInterval, reaperInterval, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        monitor.start("In-memory store started");
+    }
+
+    @Destroy
+    public void destroy() {
+        scheduler.shutdown();
+        monitor.stop("In-memory store stopped");
+    }
+
+    public void insertRecord(RuntimeComponent owner, String id, Object object, long expiration) throws StoreWriteException {
+        Map<String, Record> map = store.get(owner);
+        if (map == null) {
+            map = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Record>();
+            store.put(owner, map);
+        }
+        if (map.containsKey(id)) {
+            throw new DuplicateRecordException("Duplicate record: " + owner.getURI() +" : " + id);
+        }
+        map.put(id, new Record(object, expiration));
+    }
+
+    public void updateRecord(RuntimeComponent owner, String id, Object object, long expiration) throws StoreWriteException {
+        Map<String, Record> map = store.get(owner);
+        if (map == null) {
+            throw new StoreWriteException("Record not found: " + owner.getURI() +" : " + id);
+        }
+        Record record = map.get(id);
+        if (record == null) {
+            throw new StoreWriteException("Record not found: " + owner.getURI() +" : " + id);
+        }
+        record.data = object;
+    }
+
+    public Object readRecord(RuntimeComponent owner, String id) {
+        Map<String, Record> map = store.get(owner);
+        if (map == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        Record record = map.get(id);
+        if (record != null) {
+            return record.data;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public void removeRecords() {
+        store.clear();
+    }
+
+    public void removeRecord(RuntimeComponent owner, String id) throws StoreWriteException {
+        Map<String, Record> map = store.get(owner);
+        if (map == null) {
+            throw new StoreWriteException("Owner not found: " + owner.getURI() +" : " + id);
+        }
+        if (map.remove(id) == null) {
+            throw new StoreWriteException("Owner not found: " + owner.getURI() +" : " + id);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void recover(RecoveryListener listener) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    private class Record {
+        private Object data;
+        private long expiration = NEVER;
+
+        public Record(Object data, long expiration) {
+            this.data = data;
+            this.expiration = expiration;
+        }
+
+        public Object getData() {
+            return data;
+        }
+
+        public long getExpiration() {
+            return expiration;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class Reaper implements Runnable {
+
+        public void run() {
+            long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
+            for (Map.Entry<RuntimeComponent, Map<String, Record>> entries : store.entrySet()) {
+                for (Map.Entry<String, Record> entry : entries.getValue().entrySet()) {
+                    final long expiration = entry.getValue().expiration;
+                    if (expiration != NEVER && now >= expiration) {
+                        RuntimeComponent owner = entries.getKey();
+                        Object instance = entry.getValue().getData();
+                        // notify listeners of the expiration 
+                        StoreExpirationEvent event = new StoreExpirationEvent(this, owner, instance);
+                        publish(event);
+                        entries.getValue().remove(entry.getKey());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/Jsr237Work.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/Jsr237Work.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..adeb667277
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/Jsr237Work.java
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.work;
+
+/**
+ * JCA work wrapper.
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class Jsr237Work<T extends Runnable> implements commonj.work.Work {
+
+    // Work that is being executed.
+    private T work;
+
+    /*
+     * Initializes the work instance.
+     */
+    public Jsr237Work(T work) {
+        this.work = work;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Returns the completed work.
+     */
+    public T getWork() {
+        return work;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Release the work.
+     */
+    public void release() {
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Work attributes are not daemon.
+     */
+    public boolean isDaemon() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Runs the work.
+     */
+    public void run() {
+        work.run();
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/Jsr237WorkScheduler.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/Jsr237WorkScheduler.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b331517c85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/Jsr237WorkScheduler.java
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.work;
+
+import java.security.AccessController;
+import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
+
+import javax.naming.InitialContext;
+import javax.naming.NamingException;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.work.NotificationListener;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.work.WorkScheduler;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.work.WorkSchedulerException;
+
+import commonj.work.WorkEvent;
+import commonj.work.WorkListener;
+import commonj.work.WorkManager;
+
+/**
+ * A work scheduler implementation based on a JSR 237 work manager.
+ * <p/>
+ * <p/>
+ * This needs a JSR 237 work manager implementation available for scheduling work. Instances can be configured with a
+ * work manager implementation that is injected in. It is the responsibility of the runtime environment to make a work
+ * manager implementation available. For example, if the managed environment supports work manager the runtime can use
+ * the appropriate lookup mechanism to inject the work manager implementation. </p>
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class Jsr237WorkScheduler implements WorkScheduler {
+
+    /**
+     * Underlying JSR-237 work manager
+     */
+    private WorkManager jsr237WorkManager;
+
+    /**
+     * Initializes the JSR 237 work manager.
+     *
+     * @param jsr237WorkManager JSR 237 work manager.
+     */
+    public Jsr237WorkScheduler() {
+        
+        try {
+            InitialContext ctx  = new InitialContext();
+            jsr237WorkManager = (WorkManager) ctx.lookup("java:comp/env/wm/TuscanyWorkManager");
+        } catch (NamingException e) {
+            // ignore
+        }
+        if (jsr237WorkManager == null) {
+            jsr237WorkManager = new ThreadPoolWorkManager(10);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Schedules a unit of work for future execution. The notification listener is used to register interest in
+     * callbacks regarding the status of the work.
+     *
+     * @param work The unit of work that needs to be asynchronously executed.
+     */
+    public <T extends Runnable> void scheduleWork(T work) {
+        scheduleWork(work, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Schedules a unit of work for future execution. The notification listener is used to register interest in
+     * callbacks regarding the status of the work.
+     *
+     * @param work     The unit of work that needs to be asynchronously executed.
+     * @param listener Notification listener for callbacks.
+     */
+    public <T extends Runnable> void scheduleWork(T work, NotificationListener<T> listener) {
+
+        if (work == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Work cannot be null");
+        }
+
+        Jsr237Work<T> jsr237Work = new Jsr237Work<T>(work);
+        try {
+            if (listener == null) {
+                jsr237WorkManager.schedule(jsr237Work);
+            } else {
+                Jsr237WorkListener<T> jsr237WorkListener = new Jsr237WorkListener<T>(listener, work);
+                jsr237WorkManager.schedule(jsr237Work, jsr237WorkListener);
+            }
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
+            if (listener != null) {
+                listener.workRejected(work);
+            } else {
+                throw new WorkSchedulerException(ex);
+            }
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
+            throw new WorkSchedulerException(ex);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public void destroy() {
+        if (jsr237WorkManager instanceof ThreadPoolWorkManager) {
+            // Allow privileged access to modify threads. Requires RuntimePermission in security
+            // policy.
+            AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
+                public Object run() {
+                    ((ThreadPoolWorkManager)jsr237WorkManager).destroy();
+                    return null;
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * WorkListener for keeping track of work status callbacks.
+     *
+     */
+    private class Jsr237WorkListener<T extends Runnable> implements WorkListener {
+
+        // Notification listener
+        private NotificationListener<T> listener;
+
+        // Work
+        private T work;
+
+        /*
+        * Initializes the notification listener.
+        */
+        public Jsr237WorkListener(NotificationListener<T> listener, T work) {
+            this.listener = listener;
+            this.work = work;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Callback when the work is accepted.
+         */
+        public void workAccepted(WorkEvent workEvent) {
+            T work = getWork();
+            listener.workAccepted(work);
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Callback when the work is rejected.
+         */
+        public void workRejected(WorkEvent workEvent) {
+            T work = getWork();
+            listener.workRejected(work);
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Callback when the work is started.
+         */
+        public void workStarted(WorkEvent workEvent) {
+            T work = getWork();
+            listener.workStarted(work);
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Callback when the work is completed.
+         */
+        public void workCompleted(WorkEvent workEvent) {
+            T work = getWork();
+            Exception exception = workEvent.getException();
+            if (exception != null) {
+                listener.workFailed(work, exception);
+            } else {
+                listener.workCompleted(work);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /*
+        * Gets the underlying work from the work event.
+        */
+        private T getWork() {
+            return work;
+        }
+
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/ThreadPoolWorkManager.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/ThreadPoolWorkManager.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fb47a65edf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/ThreadPoolWorkManager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.work;
+
+import java.rmi.server.UID;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
+
+import org.osoa.sca.annotations.Destroy;
+
+import commonj.work.Work;
+import commonj.work.WorkEvent;
+import commonj.work.WorkException;
+import commonj.work.WorkItem;
+import commonj.work.WorkListener;
+import commonj.work.WorkManager;
+
+/**
+ * A thread-pool based implementation for the JSR-237 work manager.
+ * <p/>
+ * <p/>
+ * This implementation supports only local work.
+ * <p/>
+ * TODO Elaborate the implementation. </p>
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class ThreadPoolWorkManager implements WorkManager {
+
+    // Map of work items currently handled by the work manager
+    private Map<WorkItemImpl, WorkListener> workItems = new ConcurrentHashMap<WorkItemImpl, WorkListener>();
+
+    // Thread-pool
+    private ExecutorService executor;
+
+    /**
+     * Initializes the thread-pool.
+     *
+     * @param threadPoolSize Thread-pool size.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if threadPoolSize < 1
+     */
+    public ThreadPoolWorkManager(int threadPoolSize) {
+        if (threadPoolSize < 1) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid threadPoolSize of " 
+                    + threadPoolSize + ". It must be >= 1");
+        }
+
+        // Creates a new Executor, use a custom ThreadFactory that
+        // creates daemon threads.
+        executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(threadPoolSize, new ThreadFactory() {
+            public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
+                Thread thread = new Thread(r);
+                thread.setDaemon(true);
+                return thread;
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Schedules a unit of work asynchronously.
+     *
+     * @param work Work that needs to be scheduled.
+     * @return Work Work item representing the asynchronous work
+     */
+    public WorkItem schedule(Work work) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        return schedule(work, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Schedules a unit of work asynchronously.
+     *
+     * @param work         Work that needs to be scheduled.
+     * @param workListener Work listener for callbacks.
+     * @return Work Work item representing the asynchronous work
+     */
+    public WorkItem schedule(Work work, WorkListener workListener) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+
+        WorkItemImpl workItem = new WorkItemImpl(new UID().toString(), work);
+        if (workListener != null) {
+            workItems.put(workItem, workListener);
+        }
+        workAccepted(workItem, work);
+        if (scheduleWork(work, workItem)) {
+            return workItem;
+        } else {
+            workItem.setStatus(WorkEvent.WORK_REJECTED);
+            if (workListener != null) {
+                workListener.workRejected(new WorkEventImpl(workItem));
+            }
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to schedule work");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wait for all the specified units of work to finish.
+     *
+     * @param works   Units of the work that need to finish.
+     * @param timeout Timeout for waiting for the units of work to finish.
+     */
+    public boolean waitForAll(Collection works, long timeout) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("waitForAll not supported");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wait for any of the specified units of work to finish.
+     *
+     * @param works   Units of the work that need to finish.
+     * @param timeout Timeout for waiting for the units of work to finish.
+     */
+    public Collection waitForAny(Collection works, long timeout) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("waitForAny not supported");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Method provided for subclasses to indicate a work acceptance.
+     *
+     * @param workItem Work item representing the work that was accepted.
+     * @param work     Work that was accepted.
+     */
+    private void workAccepted(final WorkItemImpl workItem, final Work work) {
+        WorkListener listener = workItems.get(workItem);
+        if (listener != null) {
+            workItem.setStatus(WorkEvent.WORK_ACCEPTED);
+            WorkEvent event = new WorkEventImpl(workItem);
+            listener.workAccepted(event);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Method to indicate a work start.
+     */
+    private void workStarted(final WorkItemImpl workItem, final Work work) {
+        WorkListener listener = workItems.get(workItem);
+        if (listener != null) {
+            workItem.setStatus(WorkEvent.WORK_STARTED);
+            WorkEvent event = new WorkEventImpl(workItem);
+            listener.workStarted(event);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Method to indicate a work completion.
+     */
+    private void workCompleted(final WorkItemImpl workItem, final Work work) {
+        workCompleted(workItem, work, null);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Method to indicate a work completion.
+     */
+    private void workCompleted(final WorkItemImpl workItem, final Work work, final WorkException exception) {
+        WorkListener listener = workItems.get(workItem);
+        if (listener != null) {
+            workItem.setStatus(WorkEvent.WORK_COMPLETED);
+            workItem.setResult(work);
+            workItem.setException(exception);
+            WorkEvent event = new WorkEventImpl(workItem);
+            listener.workCompleted(event);
+            workItems.remove(workItem);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Schedules the work using the ThreadPool.
+     */
+    private boolean scheduleWork(final Work work, final WorkItemImpl workItem) {
+        try {
+            executor.execute(new DecoratingWork(workItem, work));
+            return true;
+        } catch (RejectedExecutionException ex) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Class that decorates the original worker so that it can get callbacks when work is done.
+     */
+    private final class DecoratingWork implements Runnable {
+
+        // Work item for this work.
+        private WorkItemImpl workItem;
+
+        // The original work.
+        private Work decoratedWork;
+
+        /*
+         * Initializes the work item and underlying work.
+         */
+        private DecoratingWork(final WorkItemImpl workItem, final Work decoratedWork) {
+            this.workItem = workItem;
+            this.decoratedWork = decoratedWork;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Overrides the run method.
+         */
+        public void run() {
+            workStarted(workItem, decoratedWork);
+            try {
+                decoratedWork.run();
+                workCompleted(workItem, decoratedWork);
+            } catch (Throwable th) {
+                workCompleted(workItem, decoratedWork, new WorkException(th.getMessage(), th));
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @Destroy
+    public void destroy() {
+        executor.shutdown();
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/WorkEventImpl.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/WorkEventImpl.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..67d2b66f84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/WorkEventImpl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.work;
+
+
+import commonj.work.WorkEvent;
+import commonj.work.WorkException;
+import commonj.work.WorkItem;
+
+/**
+ * Default immutable implementation of the <code>WorkEvent</code> class.
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+class WorkEventImpl implements WorkEvent {
+    
+    // Work item for this event
+    private WorkItem workItem;
+
+    // Exception if something has gone wrong
+    private WorkException exception;
+
+    /**
+     * Instantiates the event.
+     *
+     * @param workItem Work item for this event.
+     */
+    public WorkEventImpl(final WorkItemImpl workItem) {
+        this.workItem = workItem;
+        this.exception = workItem.getException();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the work type based on whether the work was accepted, started,
+     * rejected or completed.
+     *
+     * @return Work type.
+     */
+    public int getType() {
+        return workItem.getStatus();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the work item associated with this work type.
+     *
+     * @return Work item.
+     */
+    public WorkItem getWorkItem() {
+        return workItem;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the exception if the work completed with an exception.
+     *
+     * @return Work exception.
+     */
+    public WorkException getException() {
+        return exception;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/WorkItemImpl.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/WorkItemImpl.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..170319b6e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/WorkItemImpl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.work;
+
+import commonj.work.Work;
+import commonj.work.WorkException;
+import commonj.work.WorkItem;
+
+/**
+ * An identity based immutable implementation of the <code>WorkItem</code>
+ * interface.
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+class WorkItemImpl implements WorkItem {
+    
+    // Id scoped for the VM
+    private String id;
+
+    // Status
+    private int status = -1;
+
+    // Result
+    private Work result;
+    
+    // Original work
+    private Work originalWork;
+
+    // Exception
+    private WorkException exception;
+
+    /**
+     * Instantiates an id for this item.
+     *
+     * @param id of this work event.
+     */
+    protected WorkItemImpl(final String id, final Work orginalWork) {
+        this.id = id;
+        this.originalWork = orginalWork;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the id.
+     *
+     * @return Id of this item.
+     */
+    public String getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the original work.
+     *
+     * @return Original work.
+     */
+    public Work getOriginalWork() {
+        return originalWork;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the work result if the work completed.
+     *
+     * @return Work.
+     * @throws WorkException If the work completed with an exception.
+     */
+    public Work getResult() {
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the result.
+     *
+     * @param result Result.
+     */
+    protected void setResult(final Work result) {
+        this.result = result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the exception if work completed with an exception.
+     *
+     * @return Work exception.
+     */
+    protected WorkException getException() {
+        return exception;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the exception.
+     *
+     * @param exception Exception.
+     */
+    protected void setException(final WorkException exception) {
+        this.exception = exception;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the work type based on whether the work was accepted, started,
+     * rejected or completed.
+     *
+     * @return Work status.
+     */
+    public int getStatus() {
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the status.
+     *
+     * @param status Status.
+     */
+    protected void setStatus(final int status) {
+        this.status = status;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see Object#hashCode() 
+     */
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return id.hashCode();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates whether some other object is "equal to" this one.
+     *
+     * @param obj Object to be compared.
+     * @return true if this object is the same as the obj argument; false
+     *         otherwise..
+     */
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(final Object obj) {
+        return (obj != null) && (obj.getClass() == WorkItemImpl.class) && ((WorkItemImpl) obj).id.equals(id);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compares this object with the specified object for order. Returns a
+     * negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as this object is less
+     * than, equal to, or greater than the specified object.
+     *
+     * @param o Object to be compared.
+     * @return A negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as this object
+     *         is less than, equal to, or greater than the specified object.
+     * @throws ClassCastException needs better documentation.
+     */
+    public int compareTo(final Object o) {
+        if (o.getClass() != WorkItemImpl.class) {
+            throw new ClassCastException(o.getClass().getName());
+        } else {
+            return ((WorkItemImpl) o).getId().compareTo(getId());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.tuscany.sca.contribution.processor.StAXArtifactProcessor b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.tuscany.sca.contribution.processor.StAXArtifactProcessor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5f54178483
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.tuscany.sca.contribution.processor.StAXArtifactProcessor
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+# 
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+# 
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License. 
+
+# Implementation class for the artifact processor extension
+org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly.ReferenceParameterProcessor;qname=http://tuscany.apache.org/xmlns/sca/1.0#referenceParameters,model=org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.ReferenceParameters
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.tuscany.sca.work.WorkScheduler b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.tuscany.sca.work.WorkScheduler
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..56e99be0f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.tuscany.sca.work.WorkScheduler
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one

+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file

+# distributed with this work for additional information

+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file

+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the

+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance

+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

+# 

+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

+# 

+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,

+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an

+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY

+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the

+# specific language governing permissions and limitations

+# under the License.

+

+org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.work.Jsr237WorkScheduler

diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/DefaultExtensionPointRegistryTestCase.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/DefaultExtensionPointRegistryTestCase.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7b44736d4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/DefaultExtensionPointRegistryTestCase.java
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+public class DefaultExtensionPointRegistryTestCase extends TestCase {
+    private ExtensionPointRegistry registry;
+
+    @Override
+    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+        registry = new DefaultExtensionPointRegistry();
+    }
+
+    public void testRegistry() {
+        MyRegistry service = new MyREgistryImpl();
+        registry.addExtensionPoint(service);
+        assertSame(service, registry.getExtensionPoint(MyRegistry.class));
+        registry.removeExtensionPoint(service);
+        assertNull(registry.getExtensionPoint(MyRegistry.class));
+    }
+
+    public static interface MyRegistry {
+        void doSomething();
+    }
+
+    private static class MyREgistryImpl implements MyRegistry {
+
+        public void doSomething() {
+        }
+
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/BaseEventPublisherTestCase.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/BaseEventPublisherTestCase.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2bc78c3d35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/BaseEventPublisherTestCase.java
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.event;
+
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.event.Event;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.event.EventFilter;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.event.EventPublisher;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.event.RuntimeEventListener;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.event.TrueFilter;
+import org.easymock.EasyMock;
+
+/**
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class BaseEventPublisherTestCase extends TestCase {
+    EventPublisher publisher;
+
+    public void testFireListener() {
+        Event event = new TestEvent();
+        RuntimeEventListener listener = EasyMock.createMock(RuntimeEventListener.class);
+        listener.onEvent(EasyMock.same(event));
+        EasyMock.expectLastCall();
+        EasyMock.replay(listener);
+        publisher.addListener(listener);
+        publisher.publish(event);
+        EasyMock.verify(listener);
+    }
+
+    public void testRemoveListener() {
+        Event event = new TestEvent();
+        RuntimeEventListener listener = EasyMock.createMock(RuntimeEventListener.class);
+        EasyMock.replay(listener);
+        publisher.addListener(listener);
+        publisher.removeListener(listener);
+        publisher.publish(event);
+        EasyMock.verify(listener);
+    }
+
+    public void testFalseFilterListener() {
+        Event event = new TestEvent();
+        RuntimeEventListener listener = EasyMock.createMock(RuntimeEventListener.class);
+        EasyMock.replay(listener);
+        publisher.addListener(new FalseFilter(), listener);
+        publisher.publish(event);
+        EasyMock.verify(listener);
+    }
+
+    public void testTrueFilterListener() {
+        Event event = new TestEvent();
+        RuntimeEventListener listener = EasyMock.createMock(RuntimeEventListener.class);
+        listener.onEvent(EasyMock.same(event));
+        EasyMock.expectLastCall();
+        EasyMock.replay(listener);
+        publisher.addListener(new TrueFilter(), listener);
+        publisher.publish(event);
+        EasyMock.verify(listener);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+        publisher = new BaseEventPublisher() {
+        };
+    }
+
+    private class TestEvent implements Event {
+        public Object getSource() {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class FalseFilter implements EventFilter {
+
+        public boolean match(Event event) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/EventTestCase.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/EventTestCase.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..48dcf8df07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/event/EventTestCase.java
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.event;
+
+import java.net.URI;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class EventTestCase extends TestCase {
+    private URI uri = URI.create("foo");
+
+    public void testCompositeStart() {
+        ComponentStart event = new ComponentStart(this, uri);
+        assertEquals(uri, event.getComponentURI());
+    }
+
+    public void testCompositeStop() {
+        ComponentStop event = new ComponentStop(this, uri);
+        assertEquals(uri, event.getComponentURI());
+    }
+
+    public void testHttpSessionStart() {
+        Object id = new Object();
+        HttpSessionStart event = new HttpSessionStart(this, id);
+        assertEquals(this, event.getSource());
+        assertEquals(id, event.getSessionID());
+    }
+
+    public void testHttpSessionEnd() {
+        Object id = new Object();
+        HttpSessionEnd event = new HttpSessionEnd(this, id);
+        assertEquals(this, event.getSource());
+        assertEquals(id, event.getSessionID());
+    }
+
+    public void testRequestStart() {
+        RequestStart event = new RequestStart(this);
+        assertEquals(this, event.getSource());
+    }
+
+    public void testReequestEnd() {
+        RequestEnd event = new RequestEnd(this);
+        assertEquals(this, event.getSource());
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/PhaseManagerTestCase.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/PhaseManagerTestCase.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..99d5ec7bc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/PhaseManagerTestCase.java
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import junit.framework.Assert;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class PhaseManagerTestCase {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDiscovery() {
+        PhaseManager pm = new PhaseManager("org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.PhaseTest");
+        List<String> phases = pm.getAllPhases();
+        System.out.println(phases.size());
+        System.out.println(phases);
+        // Assert.assertEquals(15, phases.size());
+        Assert.assertEquals("reference.first", phases.get(0));
+
+        int rt = phases.indexOf("reference.transaction");
+        Assert.assertTrue(rt > phases.indexOf("reference.interface"));
+
+        int st = phases.indexOf("service.transaction");
+        Assert.assertTrue(st > phases.indexOf("service.binding"));
+
+        int it = phases.indexOf("implementation.transaction");
+        Assert.assertTrue(it < phases.indexOf("implementation.policy"));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/PhaseSorterTestCase.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/PhaseSorterTestCase.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..61164fa2de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/invocation/PhaseSorterTestCase.java
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+public class PhaseSorterTestCase extends TestCase {
+    private PhaseSorter<String> graph;
+
+    @Override
+    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+        graph = new PhaseSorter<String>();
+    }
+
+    public void testSort() {
+        graph.addEdge("a", "b");
+        graph.addEdge("a", "c");
+        graph.addEdge("c", "d");
+        graph.addEdge("b", "c");
+        List<String> order = graph.topologicalSort(true);
+        assertEquals(Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c", "d"), order);
+        assertTrue(!graph.getVertices().isEmpty());
+
+        graph.addEdge("d", "a");
+        try {
+            order = graph.topologicalSort(true);
+            assertTrue("Should have failed", false);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            assertTrue(true);
+        }
+
+        graph.removeEdge("d", "a");
+        order = graph.topologicalSort(false);
+        assertEquals(Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c", "d"), order);
+        assertTrue(graph.getVertices().isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        super.tearDown();
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/AbstractScopeContainerTestCase.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/AbstractScopeContainerTestCase.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..64114f7fb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/scope/AbstractScopeContainerTestCase.java
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope;
+
+import java.net.URI;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.assembly.Implementation;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.context.InstanceWrapper;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+import org.easymock.EasyMock;
+import org.easymock.IMocksControl;
+
+/**
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public abstract class AbstractScopeContainerTestCase<T, KEY> extends TestCase {
+    protected IMocksControl control;
+    protected ScopeContainer<KEY> scopeContainer;
+    protected URI groupId;
+    protected KEY contextId;
+    protected RuntimeComponent component;
+    protected ScopedImplementation implementation; 
+    protected InstanceWrapper<T> wrapper;
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Override
+    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+        control = EasyMock.createStrictControl();
+        component = control.createMock(RuntimeComponent.class);
+        wrapper = control.createMock(InstanceWrapper.class);
+        implementation = control.createMock(ScopedImplementation.class);
+        EasyMock.expect(component.getImplementation()).andReturn(implementation).anyTimes();
+    }
+
+    protected void preRegisterComponent() throws Exception {
+        scopeContainer.start();
+        EasyMock.expect(implementation.isEagerInit()).andStubReturn(false);
+    }
+
+    protected void expectCreateWrapper() throws Exception {
+        EasyMock.expect(implementation.createInstanceWrapper()).andReturn(wrapper);
+        wrapper.start();
+    }
+    
+    protected static interface ScopedImplementation extends ScopedImplementationProvider, Implementation {
+        
+    }
+    
+    
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/store/MemoryStoreTestCase.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/store/MemoryStoreTestCase.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d46d77b4b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/store/MemoryStoreTestCase.java
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.store;
+
+import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.event.RuntimeEventListener;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.runtime.RuntimeComponent;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.store.DuplicateRecordException;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.store.Store;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.store.StoreExpirationEvent;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.store.StoreMonitor;
+import org.easymock.EasyMock;
+import org.easymock.IAnswer;
+
+/**
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class MemoryStoreTestCase extends TestCase {
+    private StoreMonitor monitor;
+
+    public void testEviction() throws Exception {
+        MemoryStore store = new MemoryStore(monitor);
+        store.setReaperInterval(10);
+        store.init();
+        RuntimeComponent component = EasyMock.createNiceMock(RuntimeComponent.class);
+        EasyMock.replay(component);
+        String id = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
+        Object value = new Object();
+        store.insertRecord(component, id, value, 1);
+        Thread.sleep(200);
+        assertNull(store.readRecord(component, id));
+        store.destroy();
+    }
+
+    public void testNotifyOnEviction() throws Exception {
+        final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        RuntimeEventListener listener = EasyMock.createMock(RuntimeEventListener.class);
+        listener.onEvent(EasyMock.isA(StoreExpirationEvent.class));
+        EasyMock.expectLastCall().andStubAnswer(new IAnswer<Object>() {
+            public Object answer() throws Throwable {
+                latch.countDown();
+                return null;
+            }
+        });
+        EasyMock.replay(listener);
+        MemoryStore store = new MemoryStore(monitor);
+        store.addListener(listener);
+        store.setReaperInterval(10);
+        store.init();
+        RuntimeComponent component = EasyMock.createNiceMock(RuntimeComponent.class);
+        EasyMock.replay(component);
+        String id = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
+        Object value = new Object();
+        store.insertRecord(component, id, value, 1);
+        if (!latch.await(1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
+            // failed to notify listener
+            fail();
+        }
+        EasyMock.verify(listener);
+    }
+
+    public void testNoEviction() throws Exception {
+        MemoryStore store = new MemoryStore(monitor);
+        store.setReaperInterval(10);
+        store.init();
+        RuntimeComponent component = EasyMock.createNiceMock(RuntimeComponent.class);
+        EasyMock.replay(component);
+        String id = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
+        Object value = new Object();
+        store.insertRecord(component, id, value, Store.NEVER);
+        Thread.sleep(100);
+        assertNotNull(store.readRecord(component, id));
+        store.destroy();
+    }
+
+    public void testInsertRecord() throws Exception {
+        MemoryStore store = new MemoryStore(monitor);
+        store.setReaperInterval(10);
+        store.init();
+        RuntimeComponent component = EasyMock.createNiceMock(RuntimeComponent.class);
+        EasyMock.replay(component);
+        String id = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
+        Object value = new Object();
+        store.insertRecord(component, id, value, Store.NEVER);
+        store.destroy();
+    }
+
+    public void testInsertAlreadyExists() throws Exception {
+        MemoryStore store = new MemoryStore(monitor);
+        store.setReaperInterval(10);
+        store.init();
+        RuntimeComponent component = EasyMock.createMock(RuntimeComponent.class);
+        EasyMock.expect(component.getURI()).andReturn("component");
+        EasyMock.replay(component);
+        String id = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
+        Object value = new Object();
+        store.insertRecord(component, id, value, Store.NEVER);
+        try {
+            store.insertRecord(component, id, value, Store.NEVER);
+            fail();
+        } catch (DuplicateRecordException e) {
+            //expected
+        }
+        store.destroy();
+    }
+
+    public void testUpdateRecord() throws Exception {
+        MemoryStore store = new MemoryStore(monitor);
+        store.setReaperInterval(10);
+        store.init();
+        RuntimeComponent component = EasyMock.createNiceMock(RuntimeComponent.class);
+        EasyMock.replay(component);
+        String id = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
+        Object value = new Object();
+        Object newValue = new Object();
+
+        store.insertRecord(component, id, value, Store.NEVER);
+        store.updateRecord(component, id, newValue, 1L);
+        assertEquals(newValue, store.readRecord(component, id));
+        store.destroy();
+    }
+
+    public void testDeleteRecord() throws Exception {
+        MemoryStore store = new MemoryStore(monitor);
+        store.setReaperInterval(10);
+        store.init();
+        RuntimeComponent component = EasyMock.createNiceMock(RuntimeComponent.class);
+        EasyMock.replay(component);
+        String id = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
+        Object value = new Object();
+
+        store.insertRecord(component, id, value, Store.NEVER);
+        store.removeRecord(component, id);
+        assertNull(store.readRecord(component, id));
+        store.destroy();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+        monitor = EasyMock.createNiceMock(StoreMonitor.class);
+        EasyMock.replay(monitor);
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/wire/CallbackInterfaceInterceptorTestCase.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/wire/CallbackInterfaceInterceptorTestCase.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1aba9656d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/wire/CallbackInterfaceInterceptorTestCase.java
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.wire;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.assembly.EndpointReferenceImpl;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.CallbackInterfaceInterceptor;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.MessageFactoryImpl;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Interceptor;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Message;
+import org.easymock.EasyMock;
+import org.osoa.sca.NoRegisteredCallbackException;
+
+/**
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class CallbackInterfaceInterceptorTestCase extends TestCase {
+
+    public void testHasCallbackObject() {
+        CallbackInterfaceInterceptor interceptor = new CallbackInterfaceInterceptor();
+        Interceptor next = EasyMock.createMock(Interceptor.class);
+        EasyMock.expect(next.invoke(EasyMock.isA(Message.class))).andReturn(null);
+        EasyMock.replay(next);
+        interceptor.setNext(next);
+        Message msg = new MessageFactoryImpl().createMessage();
+        msg.setFrom(new EndpointReferenceImpl("uri"));
+        msg.getFrom().getReferenceParameters().setCallbackObjectID("ABC");
+        interceptor.invoke(msg);
+        EasyMock.verify(next);
+    }
+
+    public void testNoCallbackObject() {
+        CallbackInterfaceInterceptor interceptor = new CallbackInterfaceInterceptor();
+        Message msg = new MessageFactoryImpl().createMessage();
+        msg.setFrom(new EndpointReferenceImpl("uri"));
+        msg.getFrom().getReferenceParameters().setCallbackObjectID(null);
+        try {
+            interceptor.invoke(msg);
+            fail();
+        } catch (NoRegisteredCallbackException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/wire/InvocationChainImplTestCase.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/wire/InvocationChainImplTestCase.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1ad0927d16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/wire/InvocationChainImplTestCase.java
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.wire;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.InvocationChainImpl;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.Operation;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.interfacedef.impl.OperationImpl;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Interceptor;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.InvocationChain;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Invoker;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Message;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Phase;
+
+/**
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class InvocationChainImplTestCase extends TestCase {
+
+    public void testInsertAtEnd() throws Exception {
+        Operation op = newOperation("foo");
+        InvocationChain chain = new InvocationChainImpl(op, op, true);
+        Interceptor inter2 = new MockInterceptor();
+        Interceptor inter1 = new MockInterceptor();
+        chain.addInterceptor(inter1);
+        chain.addInterceptor(inter2);
+        Interceptor head = (Interceptor)chain.getHeadInvoker();
+        assertEquals(inter1, head);
+        assertEquals(inter2, head.getNext());
+        assertEquals(inter2, chain.getTailInvoker());
+
+    }
+
+    public void testAddByPhase() throws Exception {
+        Operation op = newOperation("foo");
+        InvocationChain chain = new InvocationChainImpl(op, op, false);
+        Interceptor inter1 = new MockInterceptor();
+        Interceptor inter2 = new MockInterceptor();
+        Interceptor inter3 = new MockInterceptor();
+        Interceptor inter4 = new MockInterceptor();
+        chain.addInterceptor(inter3); // SERVICE
+        chain.addInterceptor(Phase.IMPLEMENTATION_POLICY, inter4);
+        chain.addInterceptor(Phase.SERVICE_POLICY, inter2);
+        chain.addInterceptor(Phase.SERVICE_BINDING, inter1);
+        Interceptor head = (Interceptor)chain.getHeadInvoker();
+        assertEquals(inter1, head);
+        assertEquals(inter2, inter1.getNext());
+        assertEquals(inter3, inter2.getNext());
+        assertEquals(inter4, inter3.getNext());
+        assertEquals(inter4, chain.getTailInvoker());
+    }
+
+    private class MockInterceptor implements Interceptor {
+
+        private Invoker next;
+
+        public Message invoke(Message msg) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public void setNext(Invoker next) {
+            this.next = next;
+        }
+
+        public Invoker getNext() {
+            return next;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private static Operation newOperation(String name) {
+        Operation operation = new OperationImpl();
+        operation.setName(name);
+        return operation;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/wire/NonBlockingInterceptorTestCase.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/wire/NonBlockingInterceptorTestCase.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b8150d4edc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/wire/NonBlockingInterceptorTestCase.java
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.wire;
+
+import static org.easymock.EasyMock.createMock;
+import static org.easymock.EasyMock.expectLastCall;
+import static org.easymock.EasyMock.getCurrentArguments;
+import static org.easymock.EasyMock.isA;
+import static org.easymock.EasyMock.replay;
+import static org.easymock.EasyMock.verify;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.NonBlockingInterceptor;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.invocation.ThreadMessageContext;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Interceptor;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.Message;
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.work.WorkScheduler;
+import org.easymock.EasyMock;
+import org.easymock.IAnswer;
+
+/**
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class NonBlockingInterceptorTestCase extends TestCase {
+
+    public void testInvoke() throws Exception {
+        WorkScheduler scheduler = createMock(WorkScheduler.class);
+        scheduler.scheduleWork(isA(Runnable.class));
+        expectLastCall().andStubAnswer(new IAnswer<Object>() {
+            public Object answer() throws Throwable {
+                Runnable runnable = (Runnable) getCurrentArguments()[0];
+                runnable.run();
+                return null;
+            }
+        });
+        replay(scheduler);
+        Message context = createMock(Message.class);
+        //String convID = "convID";
+        //TODO port to the new way of dealing with conversation IDs later
+        //EasyMock.expect(context.getConversationID()).andReturn(convID);
+        EasyMock.replay(context);
+        ThreadMessageContext.setMessageContext(context);
+        Message msg = createMock(Message.class);
+        //TODO port to the new way of dealing with conversation IDs later
+        //msg.setConversationID(convID);
+        Interceptor next = EasyMock.createMock(Interceptor.class);
+        EasyMock.expect(next.invoke(EasyMock.eq(msg))).andReturn(msg);
+        EasyMock.expect(msg.isFault()).andReturn(false);
+        EasyMock.replay(next);
+        EasyMock.replay(msg);
+        Interceptor interceptor = new NonBlockingInterceptor(scheduler, next);
+        interceptor.invoke(msg);
+        verify(context);
+        verify(next);
+        verify(msg);
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/FailingWork.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/FailingWork.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3184c3de92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/FailingWork.java
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.work;
+
+import commonj.work.Work;
+
+/**
+ * Simple Work item that will throw an exception
+ * 
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class FailingWork implements Work {
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    public boolean isDaemon() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    public void release() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Throws an IllegalArgumentException
+     */
+    public void run() {
+        System.out.println("Starting " + this + " and throwing an Exception");
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Sample exception from " + this);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/JSR237MyFailingRunnable.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/JSR237MyFailingRunnable.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cdf47cf970
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/JSR237MyFailingRunnable.java
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.work;
+
+/**
+ * Simple Runnable that throws an IllegalArgumentException
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class JSR237MyFailingRunnable extends JSR237MyRunnable {
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor
+     */
+    public JSR237MyFailingRunnable() {
+        super(-1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sleeps for a period of time defined by sleepTime
+     */
+    public void run() {
+        System.out.println("Starting " + this + " and throwing an Exception");
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Sample exception from " + this);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/JSR237MyRunnable.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/JSR237MyRunnable.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a7617f7a70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/JSR237MyRunnable.java
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.work;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+/**
+ * Simple Runnable that is used for testing Jsr237WorkScheduler
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class JSR237MyRunnable implements Runnable {
+
+    /**
+     * Count of workAccepted() method calls
+     */
+    private AtomicInteger runCompletedCount = new AtomicInteger();
+
+    /**
+     * The amount of time to sleep in the Run loop
+     */
+    private final long sleepTime;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor
+     *
+     * @param sleepTime The amount of time to sleep (in milliseconds) in the run() method
+     */
+    public JSR237MyRunnable(long sleepTime) {
+        this.sleepTime = sleepTime;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sleeps for a period of time defined by sleepTime
+     */
+    public void run() {
+        System.out.println("Starting " + this);
+        try {
+            Thread.sleep(sleepTime);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        System.out.println("Done " + this);
+        runCompletedCount.incrementAndGet();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of completed calls to run()
+     *
+     * @return The number of completed calls to run()
+     */
+    public int getRunCompletedCount() {
+        return runCompletedCount.get();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/JSR237MyRunnerListener.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/JSR237MyRunnerListener.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..75840efef4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/JSR237MyRunnerListener.java
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.work;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.work.NotificationListener;
+
+/**
+ * Simple NotificationListener that is used for testing Jsr237WorkScheduler
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class JSR237MyRunnerListener implements NotificationListener<JSR237MyRunnable> {
+
+    /**
+     * Count of workAccepted() method calls
+     */
+    private AtomicInteger workAcceptedCallCount = new AtomicInteger();
+
+    /**
+     * Count of workStarted() method calls
+     */
+    private AtomicInteger workStartedCallCount = new AtomicInteger();
+
+    /**
+     * Count of workCompleted() method calls
+     */
+    private AtomicInteger workCompletedCallCount = new AtomicInteger();
+
+    /**
+     * Count of workFailed() method calls
+     */
+    private AtomicInteger workFailedCallCount = new AtomicInteger();
+
+    /**
+     * Count of workRejected() method calls
+     */
+    private AtomicInteger workRejectedCallCount = new AtomicInteger();
+
+    /**
+     * List of all exceptions thrown by Work items
+     */
+    private List<Throwable> workExceptions = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<Throwable>());
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    public void workAccepted(JSR237MyRunnable work) {
+        workAcceptedCallCount.incrementAndGet();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    public void workCompleted(JSR237MyRunnable work) {
+        workCompletedCallCount.incrementAndGet();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    public void workFailed(JSR237MyRunnable work, Throwable error) {
+        workExceptions.add(error);
+        workFailedCallCount.incrementAndGet();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    public void workRejected(JSR237MyRunnable work) {
+        workRejectedCallCount.incrementAndGet();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    public void workStarted(JSR237MyRunnable work) {
+        workStartedCallCount.incrementAndGet();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of calls to workAccepted()
+     *
+     * @return The number of calls to workAccepted()
+     */
+    public int getWorkAcceptedCallCount() {
+        return workAcceptedCallCount.get();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of calls to workStarted()
+     *
+     * @return The number of calls to workStarted()
+     */
+    public int getWorkStartedCallCount() {
+        return workStartedCallCount.get();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of calls to workCompleted()
+     *
+     * @return The number of calls to workCompleted()
+     */
+    public int getWorkCompletedCallCount() {
+        return workCompletedCallCount.get();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of calls to workFailed()
+     *
+     * @return The number of calls to workFailed()
+     */
+    public int getWorkFailedCallCount() {
+        return workFailedCallCount.get();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of calls to workRejected()
+     *
+     * @return The number of calls to workRejected()
+     */
+    public int getWorkRejectedCallCount() {
+        return workRejectedCallCount.get();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a List of all exceptions that are thrown by the Work items
+     *
+     * @return A List of all exceptions that are thrown by the Work items
+     */
+    public List<Throwable> getWorkExceptions() {
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(workExceptions);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/Jsr237WorkSchedulerTestCase.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/Jsr237WorkSchedulerTestCase.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..225f23cb93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/Jsr237WorkSchedulerTestCase.java
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.work;
+
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Test case for Jsr237WorkScheduler
+ *
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class Jsr237WorkSchedulerTestCase {
+
+    /**
+     * Wait up to 20 seconds for the Work units to complete
+     */
+    private static final long WAIT_TIMEOUT = 20000;
+
+    /**
+     * This is the shared instance of the ThreadPoolWorkManager used by the tests
+     */
+    private static Jsr237WorkScheduler workSchedular = null;
+
+    /**
+     * Setup the Jsr237WorkScheduler
+     */
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void setup() {
+        workSchedular = new Jsr237WorkScheduler();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make sure that the Jsr237WorkScheduler is stopped after running the tests
+     */
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void destroy() {
+        if (workSchedular != null) {
+            workSchedular.destroy();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests running a single fast job on the Jsr237WorkScheduler
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSingleFastJob() {
+        // Create the work and register it
+        JSR237MyRunnable fast = new JSR237MyRunnable(10);
+        JSR237MyRunnerListener listener = new JSR237MyRunnerListener();
+        workSchedular.scheduleWork(fast, listener);
+
+        // Wait for the 1 job to complete
+        waitForWorkToComplete(listener, 1);
+
+        // Test that the job completed successfully.
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, listener.getWorkAcceptedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(0, listener.getWorkRejectedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, listener.getWorkStartedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, listener.getWorkCompletedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(0, listener.getWorkExceptions().size());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests running a single job that fails on the Jsr237WorkScheduler
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSingleFailingJob() {
+        // Create the work and register it
+        JSR237MyFailingRunnable fail = new JSR237MyFailingRunnable();
+        JSR237MyRunnerListener listener = new JSR237MyRunnerListener();
+        workSchedular.scheduleWork(fail, listener);
+
+        // Wait for the 1 job to complete
+        waitForWorkToComplete(listener, 1);
+
+        // Test that the job completed successfully.
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, listener.getWorkAcceptedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(0, listener.getWorkRejectedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, listener.getWorkStartedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(0, listener.getWorkCompletedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, listener.getWorkFailedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, listener.getWorkExceptions().size());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests running a mixture of fast and slow jobs on the Jsr237WorkScheduler
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testMultipleJobs() {
+        // Create the work and register it
+        JSR237MyRunnable fast1 = new JSR237MyRunnable(50);
+        JSR237MyRunnable fast2 = new JSR237MyRunnable(100);
+        JSR237MyRunnable fast3 = new JSR237MyRunnable(200);
+        JSR237MyRunnable slow1= new JSR237MyRunnable(2000);
+        JSR237MyRunnable slow2 = new JSR237MyRunnable(2000);
+        JSR237MyRunnerListener listener = new JSR237MyRunnerListener();
+        workSchedular.scheduleWork(fast1, listener);
+        workSchedular.scheduleWork(fast2, listener);
+        workSchedular.scheduleWork(fast3, listener);
+        workSchedular.scheduleWork(slow1, listener);
+        workSchedular.scheduleWork(slow2, listener);
+
+        // Wait for the 5 jobs to complete
+        waitForWorkToComplete(listener, 5);
+
+        // Test that the job completed successfully.
+        Assert.assertEquals(5, listener.getWorkAcceptedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(0, listener.getWorkRejectedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(5, listener.getWorkStartedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(5, listener.getWorkCompletedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(0, listener.getWorkExceptions().size());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests running a mixture of fast and slow jobs some of which fail on the
+     * Jsr237WorkScheduler
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testMultipleJobsSomeFail() {
+        // Create the work and register it
+        JSR237MyRunnable fast1 = new JSR237MyRunnable(50);
+        JSR237MyRunnable fast2 = new JSR237MyRunnable(100);
+        JSR237MyRunnable fast3 = new JSR237MyRunnable(200);
+        JSR237MyRunnable slow1= new JSR237MyRunnable(2000);
+        JSR237MyRunnable slow2 = new JSR237MyRunnable(2000);
+        JSR237MyFailingRunnable fail1 = new JSR237MyFailingRunnable();
+        JSR237MyFailingRunnable fail2 = new JSR237MyFailingRunnable();
+        JSR237MyRunnerListener listener = new JSR237MyRunnerListener();
+        workSchedular.scheduleWork(fast1, listener);
+        workSchedular.scheduleWork(fast2, listener);
+        workSchedular.scheduleWork(fail1, listener);
+        workSchedular.scheduleWork(fast3, listener);
+        workSchedular.scheduleWork(slow1, listener);
+        workSchedular.scheduleWork(fail2, listener);
+        workSchedular.scheduleWork(slow2, listener);
+
+        // Wait for the 7 jobs to complete
+        waitForWorkToComplete(listener, 7);
+
+        // Test that the job completed successfully.
+        Assert.assertEquals(7, listener.getWorkAcceptedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(0, listener.getWorkRejectedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(7, listener.getWorkStartedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(5, listener.getWorkCompletedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(2, listener.getWorkFailedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(2, listener.getWorkExceptions().size());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests running a single job that has no listener
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSingleFastJobWithNoListener() {
+        // Create the work and register it
+        JSR237MyRunnable fast = new JSR237MyRunnable(10);
+        workSchedular.scheduleWork(fast);
+
+        // Wait for the job to complete
+        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        while (true) {
+            int completedCount = fast.getRunCompletedCount();
+            if (completedCount == 1) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            if (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime > WAIT_TIMEOUT) {
+                Assert.fail("Only " + completedCount + " work items completed before timeout");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Lets wait for the job to complete
+            try {
+                Thread.sleep(25);
+            } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
+                Assert.fail("Unexpected exception: " + ex);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests scheduling a null as the work item
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testNullWork() {
+        try {
+            workSchedular.scheduleWork(null);
+            Assert.fail("Should have thrown IllegalArgumentException ");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
+            // As expected
+            Assert.assertTrue(ex.toString().indexOf("null") != -1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Waits for the specified number of jobs to complete or the timeout to fire.
+     *
+     * @param listener The listener to use to track Work unit completion
+     * @param completedWorkItemsToWaitFor The number of Work items to complete
+     */
+    private void waitForWorkToComplete(JSR237MyRunnerListener listener, int completedWorkItemsToWaitFor) {
+        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        while (true) {
+            int completedCount = listener.getWorkCompletedCallCount() + listener.getWorkFailedCallCount();
+            if (completedCount == completedWorkItemsToWaitFor) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime > WAIT_TIMEOUT) {
+                Assert.fail("Only " + completedCount + " work items completed before timeout");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Lets wait for more jobs to complete
+            try {
+                Thread.sleep(25);
+            } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
+                Assert.fail("Unexpected exception: " + ex);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/TestWorkListener.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/TestWorkListener.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ba32a92c18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/TestWorkListener.java
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.work;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+
+import commonj.work.WorkEvent;
+import commonj.work.WorkException;
+import commonj.work.WorkListener;
+
+/**
+ * A simple WorkListener that tracks invocations to it.
+ * 
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class TestWorkListener implements WorkListener {
+
+    /**
+     * Count of workAccepted() method calls
+     */
+    private AtomicInteger workAcceptedCallCount = new AtomicInteger();
+
+    /**
+     * Count of workStarted() method calls
+     */
+    private AtomicInteger workStartedCallCount = new AtomicInteger();
+
+    /**
+     * Count of workCompleted() method calls
+     */
+    private AtomicInteger workCompletedCallCount = new AtomicInteger();
+
+    /**
+     * Count of workRejected() method calls
+     */
+    private AtomicInteger workRejectedCallCount = new AtomicInteger();
+
+    /**
+     * List of all exceptions thrown by Work items
+     */
+    private List<WorkException> workExceptions = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<WorkException>());
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    public void workAccepted(WorkEvent work) {
+        workAcceptedCallCount.incrementAndGet();
+
+        // Validate the WorkEvent
+        Assert.assertNotNull(work.getWorkItem());
+        Assert.assertEquals(WorkEvent.WORK_ACCEPTED, work.getType());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    public void workStarted(WorkEvent work) {
+        workStartedCallCount.incrementAndGet();
+
+        // Validate the WorkEvent
+        Assert.assertNotNull(work.getWorkItem());
+        Assert.assertEquals(WorkEvent.WORK_STARTED, work.getType());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    public void workCompleted(WorkEvent work) {
+        if (work.getException() != null) {
+            workExceptions.add(work.getException());
+        }
+
+        // Validate the WorkEvent
+        Assert.assertNotNull(work.getWorkItem());
+        Assert.assertEquals(WorkEvent.WORK_COMPLETED, work.getType());
+
+        workCompletedCallCount.incrementAndGet();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    public void workRejected(WorkEvent work) {
+        workRejectedCallCount.incrementAndGet();
+
+        // Validate the WorkEvent
+        Assert.assertNotNull(work.getWorkItem());
+        Assert.assertEquals(WorkEvent.WORK_REJECTED, work.getType());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of calls to workAccepted()
+     * 
+     * @return The number of calls to workAccepted()
+     */
+    public int getWorkAcceptedCallCount() {
+        return workAcceptedCallCount.get();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of calls to workStarted()
+     * 
+     * @return The number of calls to workStarted()
+     */
+    public int getWorkStartedCallCount() {
+        return workStartedCallCount.get();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of calls to workCompleted()
+     * 
+     * @return The number of calls to workCompleted()
+     */
+    public int getWorkCompletedCallCount() {
+        return workCompletedCallCount.get();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of calls to workRejected()
+     * 
+     * @return The number of calls to workRejected()
+     */
+    public int getWorkRejectedCallCount() {
+        return workRejectedCallCount.get();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a List of all exceptions that are thrown by the Work items
+     * 
+     * @return A List of all exceptions that are thrown by the Work items
+     */
+    public List<WorkException> getWorkExceptions() {
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(workExceptions);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/ThreadPoolWorkManagerTestCase.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/ThreadPoolWorkManagerTestCase.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..715f5f95c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/ThreadPoolWorkManagerTestCase.java
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.work;
+
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * This test case will test the ThreadPoolWorkManager
+ * 
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class ThreadPoolWorkManagerTestCase {
+
+    /**
+     * Wait up to 20 seconds for the Work units to complete
+     */
+    private static final long WAIT_TIMEOUT = 20000;
+
+    /**
+     * This is the shared instance of the ThreadPoolWorkManager used by the tests
+     */
+    private static ThreadPoolWorkManager workManager = null;
+
+    /**
+     * Setup the ThreadPoolWorkManager
+     */
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void setup() {
+        workManager = new ThreadPoolWorkManager(10);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make sure that the ThreadPoolWorkManager is stopped after running the tests
+     */
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void destroy() {
+        if (workManager != null) {
+            workManager.destroy();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests running a single fast job on the ThreadPoolWorkManager
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSingleFastJob() {
+        // Create the work and register it
+        TimeDelayWork fast = new TimeDelayWork(10);
+        TestWorkListener listener = new TestWorkListener();
+        workManager.schedule(fast, listener);
+
+        // Wait for the 1 job to complete
+        waitForWorkToComplete(listener, 1);
+
+        // Test that the job completed successfully.
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, listener.getWorkAcceptedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(0, listener.getWorkRejectedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, listener.getWorkStartedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, listener.getWorkCompletedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(0, listener.getWorkExceptions().size());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests running a single job that fails on the ThreadPoolWorkManager
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSingleFailingJob() {
+        // Create the work and register it
+        FailingWork fail = new FailingWork();
+        TestWorkListener listener = new TestWorkListener();
+        workManager.schedule(fail, listener);
+
+        // Wait for the 1 job to complete
+        waitForWorkToComplete(listener, 1);
+
+        // Test that the job completed successfully.
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, listener.getWorkAcceptedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(0, listener.getWorkRejectedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, listener.getWorkStartedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, listener.getWorkCompletedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, listener.getWorkExceptions().size());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests running a mixture of fast and slow jobs on the ThreadPoolWorkManager
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testMultipleJobs() {
+        // Create the work and register it
+        TimeDelayWork fast1 = new TimeDelayWork(50);
+        TimeDelayWork fast2 = new TimeDelayWork(100);
+        TimeDelayWork fast3 = new TimeDelayWork(200);
+        TimeDelayWork slow1= new TimeDelayWork(2000);
+        TimeDelayWork slow2 = new TimeDelayWork(2000);
+        TestWorkListener listener = new TestWorkListener();
+        workManager.schedule(fast1, listener);
+        workManager.schedule(fast2, listener);
+        workManager.schedule(fast3, listener);
+        workManager.schedule(slow1, listener);
+        workManager.schedule(slow2, listener);
+
+        // Wait for the 5 jobs to complete
+        waitForWorkToComplete(listener, 5);
+
+        // Test that the job completed successfully.
+        Assert.assertEquals(5, listener.getWorkAcceptedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(0, listener.getWorkRejectedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(5, listener.getWorkStartedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(5, listener.getWorkCompletedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(0, listener.getWorkExceptions().size());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests running a mixture of fast and slow jobs some of which fail on the 
+     * ThreadPoolWorkManager
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testMultipleJobsSomeFail() {
+        // Create the work and register it
+        TimeDelayWork fast1 = new TimeDelayWork(50);
+        TimeDelayWork fast2 = new TimeDelayWork(100);
+        TimeDelayWork fast3 = new TimeDelayWork(200);
+        TimeDelayWork slow1= new TimeDelayWork(2000);
+        TimeDelayWork slow2 = new TimeDelayWork(2000);
+        FailingWork fail1 = new FailingWork();
+        FailingWork fail2 = new FailingWork();
+        TestWorkListener listener = new TestWorkListener();
+        workManager.schedule(fast1, listener);
+        workManager.schedule(fast2, listener);
+        workManager.schedule(fail1, listener);
+        workManager.schedule(fast3, listener);
+        workManager.schedule(slow1, listener);
+        workManager.schedule(fail2, listener);
+        workManager.schedule(slow2, listener);
+
+        // Wait for the 7 jobs to complete
+        waitForWorkToComplete(listener, 7);
+
+        // Test that the job completed successfully.
+        Assert.assertEquals(7, listener.getWorkAcceptedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(0, listener.getWorkRejectedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(7, listener.getWorkStartedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(7, listener.getWorkCompletedCallCount());
+        Assert.assertEquals(2, listener.getWorkExceptions().size());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests creating a ThreadPoolWorkManager with invalid pool sizes of -10 to 0
+     * inclusive
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testThreadPoolWorkManagerLessThan1Size() {
+        for (int i = 0; i >= -10; i--) {
+            try {
+                new ThreadPoolWorkManager(i);
+                Assert.fail("Should have thrown IllegalArgumentException");
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
+                Assert.assertTrue(ex.toString().indexOf(Integer.toString(i)) != -1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests running a single job that has no listener
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSingleFastJobWithNoListener() {
+        // Create the work and register it
+        TimeDelayWork fast = new TimeDelayWork(10);
+        workManager.schedule(fast);
+
+        // Wait for the job to complete
+        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        while (true) {
+            int completedCount = fast.getRunCompletedCount();
+            if (completedCount == 1) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            if (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime > WAIT_TIMEOUT) {
+                Assert.fail("Only " + completedCount + " work items completed before timeout");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Lets wait for the job to complete
+            try {
+                Thread.sleep(25);
+            } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
+                Assert.fail("Unexpected exception: " + ex);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Make sure we have got one completed run
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, fast.getRunCompletedCount());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Waits for the specified number of jobs to complete or the timeout to fire.
+     * 
+     * @param listener The listener to use to track Work unit completion
+     * @param completedWorkItemsToWaitFor The number of Work items to complete
+     */
+    private void waitForWorkToComplete(TestWorkListener listener, int completedWorkItemsToWaitFor) {
+        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        while (true) {
+            int completedCount = listener.getWorkCompletedCallCount();
+            if (completedCount == completedWorkItemsToWaitFor) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime > WAIT_TIMEOUT) {
+                Assert.fail("Only " + completedCount + " work items completed before timeout");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Lets wait for more jobs to complete
+            try {
+                Thread.sleep(25);
+            } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
+                Assert.fail("Unexpected exception: " + ex);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/TimeDelayWork.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/TimeDelayWork.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3b30d86f14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/core/work/TimeDelayWork.java
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.    
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.work;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import commonj.work.Work;
+
+/**
+ * Simple Work item that will sleep in the run() method for the specified 
+ * period of time
+ * 
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class TimeDelayWork implements Work {
+
+    /**
+     * Count of completed run() method calls
+     */
+    private AtomicInteger runCompletedCount = new AtomicInteger();
+
+    /**
+     * The amount of time to sleep in the Run loop
+     */
+    private final long sleepTime;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor
+     * 
+     * @param sleepTime The amount of time to sleep (in milliseconds) in the run() method
+     */
+    public TimeDelayWork(long sleepTime) {
+        this.sleepTime = sleepTime;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    public boolean isDaemon() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    public void release() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sleeps for a period of time defined by sleepTime
+     */
+    public void run() {
+        System.out.println("Starting " + this);
+        try {
+            Thread.sleep(sleepTime);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        System.out.println("Done " + this);
+        runCompletedCount.incrementAndGet();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of completed calls to run()
+     * 
+     * @return The number of completed calls to run()
+     */
+    public int getRunCompletedCount() {
+        return runCompletedCount.get();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/scope/ScopeTestCase.java b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/scope/ScopeTestCase.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..341d889b7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/java/org/apache/tuscany/sca/scope/ScopeTestCase.java
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.tuscany.sca.scope;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import org.apache.tuscany.sca.core.scope.Scope;
+
+/**
+ * @version $Rev$ $Date$
+ */
+public class ScopeTestCase extends TestCase {
+
+    public void testEquals() throws Exception {
+        Scope scope = new Scope("COMPOSITE");
+        assertTrue(scope.equals(Scope.COMPOSITE));
+    }
+
+    public void testEqualsNew() throws Exception {
+        Scope foo = new Scope("foo");
+        Scope foo2 = new Scope("FOO");
+        assertTrue(foo.equals(foo2));
+    }
+
+    public void testNotEquals() throws Exception {
+        Scope foo = new Scope("BAR");
+        Scope foo2 = new Scope("FOO");
+        assertFalse(foo.equals(foo2));
+    }
+
+    public void testNotEqualsDifferent() throws Exception {
+        Scope foo = new Scope("FOO");
+        assertFalse(foo.equals(new Bar("FOO")));
+    }
+
+    public class Bar {
+        String scope;
+
+        public Bar(String scope) {
+            this.scope = scope;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+}
diff --git a/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.PhaseTest b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.PhaseTest
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9ed0928a33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sandbox/axis2-1.4/modules/core/src/test/resources/META-INF/services/org.apache.tuscany.sca.invocation.PhaseTest
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one

+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file

+# distributed with this work for additional information

+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file

+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the

+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance

+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

+# 

+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

+# 

+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,

+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an

+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY

+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the

+# specific language governing permissions and limitations

+# under the License. 

+

+name=implementation.last, stage=implementation, after=*

+name=reference.first, stage=reference, before=*

+name=reference.transaction, stage=reference, after=reference.interface

+name=service.transaction, stage=service, after=service.binding, before=component.service

+name=implementation.transaction, stage=implementation, before=implementation.policy
\ No newline at end of file