mariadb/mysql-test/main/secondary_key_costs.result
Monty 4bf7c966b3 MDEV-34664: Add an option to fix InnoDB's doubling of secondary index cardinalities
(With trivial fixes by sergey@mariadb.com)
Added option fix_innodb_cardinality to optimizer_adjust_secondary_key_costs

Using fix_innodb_cardinality disables the 'divide by 2' of rec_per_key_int
in InnoDB that in effect doubles the Cardinality for secondary keys.
This has the biggest effect for indexes where a few rows has the same key
value. Using this may also cause table scans for very small tables (which
in some cases may be better than an index scan).

The user visible effect is that 'SHOW INDEX FROM table_name' will for
InnoDB show the true Cardinality (and not 2x the real value). It will
also allow the optimizer to chose a better index in some cases as the
division by 2 could have a bad effect for tables with 2-5 identical values
per key.

A few notes about using fix_innodb_cardinality:
- It has direct affect for SHOW INDEX FROM table_name. SHOW INDEX
  will also update the statistics in table share.
- The effect of fix_innodb_cardinality for query plans or EXPLAIN
  is only visible after first open of the table. This is why one must
  do a flush tables or use SHOW INDEX for the option to take effect.
- Using fix_innodb_cardinality can thus affect all user in their query
  plans if they are using the same tables.

Because of this, it is strongly recommended that one uses
optimizer_adjust_secondary_key_costs=fix_innodb_cardinality mainly
in configuration files to not cause issues for other users.
2024-07-29 16:40:53 +03:00

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Text

create table t1 (
pk int primary key auto_increment,
nm varchar(32),
fl1 tinyint default 0,
fl2 tinyint default 0,
index idx1(nm, fl1),
index idx2(fl2)
) engine=myisam;
create table name (
pk int primary key auto_increment,
nm bigint
) engine=myisam;
create table flag2 (
pk int primary key auto_increment,
fl2 tinyint
) engine=myisam;
insert into name(nm) select seq from seq_1_to_1000 order by rand(17);
insert into flag2(fl2) select seq mod 2 from seq_1_to_1000 order by rand(19);
insert into t1(nm,fl2)
select nm, fl2 from name, flag2 where name.pk = flag2.pk;
analyze table t1 persistent for all;
Table Op Msg_type Msg_text
test.t1 analyze status Engine-independent statistics collected
test.t1 analyze status Table is already up to date
set optimizer_trace="enabled=on";
set optimizer_switch='rowid_filter=on';
set statement optimizer_adjust_secondary_key_costs=0 for
explain select * from t1 where nm like '500%' AND fl2 = 0;
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 SIMPLE t1 range idx1,idx2 idx1 35 NULL 1 Using index condition; Using where
set @trace=(select trace from information_schema.optimizer_trace);
select json_detailed(json_extract(@trace, '$**.considered_access_paths'));
json_detailed(json_extract(@trace, '$**.considered_access_paths'))
[
[
{
"access_type": "ref",
"index": "idx2",
"used_range_estimates": true,
"rowid_filter_skipped": "worst/max seeks clipping",
"rows": 492,
"cost": 492.3171406,
"chosen": true
},
{
"access_type": "range",
"resulting_rows": 0.492,
"cost": 1.448699097,
"chosen": true
}
]
]
The following trace should have a different rowid_filter_key cost
set statement optimizer_adjust_secondary_key_costs=2 for
explain select * from t1 where nm like '500%' AND fl2 = 0;
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 SIMPLE t1 range idx1,idx2 idx1 35 NULL 1 Using index condition; Using where
set @trace=(select trace from information_schema.optimizer_trace);
select json_detailed(json_extract(@trace, '$**.considered_access_paths'));
json_detailed(json_extract(@trace, '$**.considered_access_paths'))
[
[
{
"access_type": "ref",
"index": "idx2",
"used_range_estimates": true,
"rowid_filter_key": "idx1",
"rows": 492,
"cost": 3.814364688,
"chosen": true
},
{
"access_type": "range",
"resulting_rows": 0.492,
"cost": 1.448699097,
"chosen": true
}
]
]
drop table t1, name, flag2;
select @@optimizer_adjust_secondary_key_costs;
@@optimizer_adjust_secondary_key_costs
set @@optimizer_adjust_secondary_key_costs=7;
select @@optimizer_adjust_secondary_key_costs;
@@optimizer_adjust_secondary_key_costs
adjust_secondary_key_cost,disable_max_seek,disable_forced_index_in_group_by
set @@optimizer_adjust_secondary_key_costs=default;
#
# MDEV-33306 Optimizer choosing incorrect index in 10.6, 10.5 but not in 10.4
#
create table t1 (a int primary key, b int, c int, d int, key(b),key(c)) engine=innodb;
insert into t1 select seq, mod(seq,10), mod(seq,2), seq from seq_1_to_50000;
explain select b, sum(d) from t1 where c=0 group by b;
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 SIMPLE t1 index c b 5 NULL # Using where
select b, sum(d) from t1 where c=0 group by b;
b sum(d)
0 125025000
2 124985000
4 124995000
6 125005000
8 125015000
set @@optimizer_adjust_secondary_key_costs="disable_forced_index_in_group_by";
explain select b, sum(d) from t1 where c=0 group by b;
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 SIMPLE t1 ALL c NULL NULL NULL # Using where; Using temporary; Using filesort
select b, sum(d) from t1 where c=0 group by b;
b sum(d)
0 125025000
2 124985000
4 124995000
6 125005000
8 125015000
drop table t1;
#
# MDEV-34664: fix_innodb_cardinality
#
set @save_userstat=@@global.userstat;
set @save_ispsp=@@global.innodb_stats_persistent_sample_pages;
set @@global.innodb_stats_persistent_sample_pages=20;
set @@global.userstat=on;
set use_stat_tables=PREFERABLY_FOR_QUERIES;
create or replace table t1 (a int primary key, b int, c int, d int, key(b,c,d)) engine=innodb;
insert into t1 select seq,seq/100,seq/60,seq/10 from seq_1_to_1000;
create or replace table t2 (a int);
insert into t2 values (1),(2),(3);
analyze table t1;
Table Op Msg_type Msg_text
test.t1 analyze status OK
select count(distinct b),count(distinct b,c), count(distinct b,c,d) from t1;
count(distinct b) count(distinct b,c) count(distinct b,c,d)
11 25 125
show index from t1;
Table Non_unique Key_name Seq_in_index Column_name Collation Cardinality Sub_part Packed Null Index_type Comment Index_comment Ignored
t1 0 PRIMARY 1 a A 1000 NULL NULL BTREE NO
t1 1 b 1 b A 22 NULL NULL YES BTREE NO
t1 1 b 2 c A 50 NULL NULL YES BTREE NO
t1 1 b 3 d A 250 NULL NULL YES BTREE NO
explain select * from t1,t2 where t1.b=t2.a;
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 SIMPLE t2 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 3 Using where
1 SIMPLE t1 ref b b 5 test.t2.a 45 Using index
set @@optimizer_adjust_secondary_key_costs=8;
explain select * from t1,t2 where t1.b=t2.a;
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 SIMPLE t2 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 3 Using where
1 SIMPLE t1 ref b b 5 test.t2.a 45 Using index
show index from t1;
Table Non_unique Key_name Seq_in_index Column_name Collation Cardinality Sub_part Packed Null Index_type Comment Index_comment Ignored
t1 0 PRIMARY 1 a A 1000 NULL NULL BTREE NO
t1 1 b 1 b A 11 NULL NULL YES BTREE NO
t1 1 b 2 c A 25 NULL NULL YES BTREE NO
t1 1 b 3 d A 125 NULL NULL YES BTREE NO
flush tables;
explain select * from t1,t2 where t1.b=t2.a;
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 SIMPLE t2 ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL 3 Using where
1 SIMPLE t1 ref b b 5 test.t2.a 90 Using index
show index from t1;
Table Non_unique Key_name Seq_in_index Column_name Collation Cardinality Sub_part Packed Null Index_type Comment Index_comment Ignored
t1 0 PRIMARY 1 a A 1000 NULL NULL BTREE NO
t1 1 b 1 b A 11 NULL NULL YES BTREE NO
t1 1 b 2 c A 25 NULL NULL YES BTREE NO
t1 1 b 3 d A 125 NULL NULL YES BTREE NO
connect user2, localhost, root,,;
show index from t1;
Table Non_unique Key_name Seq_in_index Column_name Collation Cardinality Sub_part Packed Null Index_type Comment Index_comment Ignored
t1 0 PRIMARY 1 a A 1000 NULL NULL BTREE NO
t1 1 b 1 b A 22 NULL NULL YES BTREE NO
t1 1 b 2 c A 50 NULL NULL YES BTREE NO
t1 1 b 3 d A 250 NULL NULL YES BTREE NO
connection default;
disconnect user2;
drop table t1,t2;
set global userstat=@save_userstat;
set global innodb_stats_persistent_sample_pages=@save_ispsp;
set @@optimizer_adjust_secondary_key_costs=default;