mariadb/rem/rem0rec.c

/************************************************************************
Record manager

(c) 1994-2001 Innobase Oy

Created 5/30/1994 Heikki Tuuri
*************************************************************************/

#include "rem0rec.h"

#ifdef UNIV_NONINL
#include "rem0rec.ic"
#endif

#include "mtr0mtr.h"
#include "mtr0log.h"

/*			PHYSICAL RECORD (OLD STYLE)
			===========================

The physical record, which is the data type of all the records
found in index pages of the database, has the following format
(lower addresses and more significant bits inside a byte are below
represented on a higher text line):

| offset of the end of the last field of data, the most significant
  bit is set to 1 if and only if the field is SQL-null,
  if the offset is 2-byte, then the second most significant
  bit is set to 1 if the field is stored on another page:
  mostly this will occur in the case of big BLOB fields |
...
| offset of the end of the first field of data + the SQL-null bit |
| 4 bits used to delete mark a record, and mark a predefined
  minimum record in alphabetical order |
| 4 bits giving the number of records owned by this record
  (this term is explained in page0page.h) |
| 13 bits giving the order number of this record in the
  heap of the index page |
| 10 bits giving the number of fields in this record |
| 1 bit which is set to 1 if the offsets above are given in
  one byte format, 0 if in two byte format |
| two bytes giving an absolute pointer to the next record in the page |
ORIGIN of the record
| first field of data |
...
| last field of data |

The origin of the record is the start address of the first field
of data. The offsets are given relative to the origin.
The offsets of the data fields are stored in an inverted
order because then the offset of the first fields are near the
origin, giving maybe a better processor cache hit rate in searches.

The offsets of the data fields are given as one-byte
(if there are less than 127 bytes of data in the record)
or two-byte unsigned integers. The most significant bit
is not part of the offset, instead it indicates the SQL-null
if the bit is set to 1. */

/*			PHYSICAL RECORD (NEW STYLE)
			===========================

The physical record, which is the data type of all the records
found in index pages of the database, has the following format
(lower addresses and more significant bits inside a byte are below
represented on a higher text line):

| length of the last non-null variable-length field of data:
  if the maximum length is 255, one byte; otherwise,
  0xxxxxxx (one byte, length=0..127), or 1exxxxxxxxxxxxxx (two bytes,
  length=128..16383, extern storage flag) |
...
| length of first variable-length field of data |
| SQL-null flags (1 bit per nullable field), padded to full bytes |
| 4 bits used to delete mark a record, and mark a predefined
  minimum record in alphabetical order |
| 4 bits giving the number of records owned by this record
  (this term is explained in page0page.h) |
| 13 bits giving the order number of this record in the
  heap of the index page |
| 3 bits record type: 000=conventional, 001=node pointer (inside B-tree),
  010=infimum, 011=supremum, 1xx=reserved |
| two bytes giving a relative pointer to the next record in the page |
ORIGIN of the record
| first field of data |
...
| last field of data |

The origin of the record is the start address of the first field
of data. The offsets are given relative to the origin.
The offsets of the data fields are stored in an inverted
order because then the offset of the first fields are near the
origin, giving maybe a better processor cache hit rate in searches.

The offsets of the data fields are given as one-byte
(if there are less than 127 bytes of data in the record)
or two-byte unsigned integers. The most significant bit
is not part of the offset, instead it indicates the SQL-null
if the bit is set to 1. */

/* CANONICAL COORDINATES. A record can be seen as a single
string of 'characters' in the following way: catenate the bytes
in each field, in the order of fields. An SQL-null field
is taken to be an empty sequence of bytes. Then after
the position of each field insert in the string
the 'character' <FIELD-END>, except that after an SQL-null field
insert <NULL-FIELD-END>. Now the ordinal position of each
byte in this canonical string is its canonical coordinate.
So, for the record ("AA", SQL-NULL, "BB", ""), the canonical
string is "AA<FIELD_END><NULL-FIELD-END>BB<FIELD-END><FIELD-END>".
We identify prefixes (= initial segments) of a record
with prefixes of the canonical string. The canonical
length of the prefix is the length of the corresponding
prefix of the canonical string. The canonical length of
a record is the length of its canonical string.

For example, the maximal common prefix of records
("AA", SQL-NULL, "BB", "C") and ("AA", SQL-NULL, "B", "C")
is "AA<FIELD-END><NULL-FIELD-END>B", and its canonical
length is 5.

A complete-field prefix of a record is a prefix which ends at the
end of some field (containing also <FIELD-END>).
A record is a complete-field prefix of another record, if
the corresponding canonical strings have the same property. */

ulint	rec_dummy;	/* this is used to fool compiler in
			rec_validate */

/*******************************************************************
Validates the consistency of an old-style physical record. */
static
ibool
rec_validate_old(
/*=============*/
				/* out: TRUE if ok */
	const rec_t*	rec);	/* in: physical record */

/**********************************************************
Determine how many of the first n columns in a compact
physical record are stored externally. */

ulint
rec_get_n_extern_new(
/*=================*/
				/* out: number of externally stored columns */
	const rec_t*	rec,	/* in: compact physical record */
	dict_index_t*	index,	/* in: record descriptor */
	ulint		n)	/* in: number of columns to scan */
{
	const byte*	nulls;
	const byte*	lens;
	dict_field_t*	field;
	ulint		null_mask;
	ulint		n_extern;
	ulint		i;

	ut_ad(dict_table_is_comp(index->table));
	ut_ad(rec_get_status(rec) == REC_STATUS_ORDINARY);
	ut_ad(n == ULINT_UNDEFINED || n <= dict_index_get_n_fields(index));

	if (n == ULINT_UNDEFINED) {
		n = dict_index_get_n_fields(index);
	}

	nulls = rec - (REC_N_NEW_EXTRA_BYTES + 1);
	lens = nulls - (index->n_nullable + 7) / 8;
	null_mask = 1;
	n_extern = 0;
	i = 0;

	/* read the lengths of fields 0..n */
	do {
		ulint	len;

		field = dict_index_get_nth_field(index, i);
		if (!(dict_field_get_col(field)->prtype & DATA_NOT_NULL)) {
			/* nullable field => read the null flag */

			if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(!(byte) null_mask)) {
				nulls--;
				null_mask = 1;
			}

			if (*nulls & null_mask) {
				null_mask <<= 1;
				/* No length is stored for NULL fields. */
				continue;
			}
			null_mask <<= 1;
		}

		if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(!field->fixed_len)) {
			/* Variable-length field: read the length */
			const dict_col_t*	col
				= dict_field_get_col(field);
			len = *lens--;
			if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(col->len > 255)
			    || UNIV_UNLIKELY(col->mtype == DATA_BLOB)) {
				if (len & 0x80) {
					/* 1exxxxxxx xxxxxxxx */
					if (len & 0x40) {
						n_extern++;
					}
					lens--;
				}
			}
		}
	} while (++i < n);

	return(n_extern);
}

/**********************************************************
The following function determines the offsets to each field in the
record.	 The offsets are written to a previously allocated array of
ulint, where rec_offs_n_fields(offsets) has been initialized to the
number of fields in the record.	 The rest of the array will be
initialized by this function.  rec_offs_base(offsets)[0] will be set
to the extra size (if REC_OFFS_COMPACT is set, the record is in the
new format), and rec_offs_base(offsets)[1..n_fields] will be set to
offsets past the end of fields 0..n_fields, or to the beginning of
fields 1..n_fields+1.  When the high-order bit of the offset at [i+1]
is set (REC_OFFS_SQL_NULL), the field i is NULL.  When the second
high-order bit of the offset at [i+1] is set (REC_OFFS_EXTERNAL), the
field i is being stored externally. */
static
void
rec_init_offsets(
/*=============*/
				/* out: the offsets */
	const rec_t*	rec,	/* in: physical record */
	dict_index_t*	index,	/* in: record descriptor */
	ulint*		offsets)/* in/out: array of offsets;
				in: n=rec_offs_n_fields(offsets) */
{
	ulint	i	= 0;
	ulint	offs;

	rec_offs_make_valid(rec, index, offsets);

	if (dict_table_is_comp(index->table)) {
		const byte*	nulls;
		const byte*	lens;
		dict_field_t*	field;
		ulint		null_mask;
		ulint		status = rec_get_status(rec);
		ulint		n_node_ptr_field = ULINT_UNDEFINED;

		switch (UNIV_EXPECT(status, REC_STATUS_ORDINARY)) {
		case REC_STATUS_INFIMUM:
		case REC_STATUS_SUPREMUM:
			/* the field is 8 bytes long */
			rec_offs_base(offsets)[0]
				= REC_N_NEW_EXTRA_BYTES | REC_OFFS_COMPACT;
			rec_offs_base(offsets)[1] = 8;
			return;
		case REC_STATUS_NODE_PTR:
			n_node_ptr_field
				= dict_index_get_n_unique_in_tree(index);
			break;
		case REC_STATUS_ORDINARY:
			break;
		}

		nulls = rec - (REC_N_NEW_EXTRA_BYTES + 1);
		lens = nulls - (index->n_nullable + 7) / 8;
		offs = 0;
		null_mask = 1;

		/* read the lengths of fields 0..n */
		do {
			ulint	len;
			if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(i == n_node_ptr_field)) {
				len = offs += 4;
				goto resolved;
			}

			field = dict_index_get_nth_field(index, i);
			if (!(dict_field_get_col(field)->prtype
			      & DATA_NOT_NULL)) {
				/* nullable field => read the null flag */

				if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(!(byte) null_mask)) {
					nulls--;
					null_mask = 1;
				}

				if (*nulls & null_mask) {
					null_mask <<= 1;
					/* No length is stored for NULL fields.
					We do not advance offs, and we set
					the length to zero and enable the
					SQL NULL flag in offsets[]. */
					len = offs | REC_OFFS_SQL_NULL;
					goto resolved;
				}
				null_mask <<= 1;
			}

			if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(!field->fixed_len)) {
				/* Variable-length field: read the length */
				const dict_col_t*	col
					= dict_field_get_col(field);
				len = *lens--;
				if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(col->len > 255)
				    || UNIV_UNLIKELY(col->mtype
						     == DATA_BLOB)) {
					if (len & 0x80) {
						/* 1exxxxxxx xxxxxxxx */
						len <<= 8;
						len |= *lens--;

						offs += len & 0x3fff;
						if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(len
								  & 0x4000)) {
							ut_ad(dict_index_is_clust
							      (index));
							len = offs
								| REC_OFFS_EXTERNAL;
						} else {
							len = offs;
						}

						goto resolved;
					}
				}

				len = offs += len;
			} else {
				len = offs += field->fixed_len;
			}
resolved:
			rec_offs_base(offsets)[i + 1] = len;
		} while (++i < rec_offs_n_fields(offsets));

		*rec_offs_base(offsets)
			= (rec - (lens + 1)) | REC_OFFS_COMPACT;
	} else {
		/* Old-style record: determine extra size and end offsets */
		offs = REC_N_OLD_EXTRA_BYTES;
		if (rec_get_1byte_offs_flag(rec)) {
			offs += rec_offs_n_fields(offsets);
			*rec_offs_base(offsets) = offs;
			/* Determine offsets to fields */
			do {
				offs = rec_1_get_field_end_info(rec, i);
				if (offs & REC_1BYTE_SQL_NULL_MASK) {
					offs &= ~REC_1BYTE_SQL_NULL_MASK;
					offs |= REC_OFFS_SQL_NULL;
				}
				rec_offs_base(offsets)[1 + i] = offs;
			} while (++i < rec_offs_n_fields(offsets));
		} else {
			offs += 2 * rec_offs_n_fields(offsets);
			*rec_offs_base(offsets) = offs;
			/* Determine offsets to fields */
			do {
				offs = rec_2_get_field_end_info(rec, i);
				if (offs & REC_2BYTE_SQL_NULL_MASK) {
					offs &= ~REC_2BYTE_SQL_NULL_MASK;
					offs |= REC_OFFS_SQL_NULL;
				}
				if (offs & REC_2BYTE_EXTERN_MASK) {
					offs &= ~REC_2BYTE_EXTERN_MASK;
					offs |= REC_OFFS_EXTERNAL;
				}
				rec_offs_base(offsets)[1 + i] = offs;
			} while (++i < rec_offs_n_fields(offsets));
		}
	}
}

/**********************************************************
The following function determines the offsets to each field
in the record.	It can reuse a previously returned array. */

ulint*
rec_get_offsets_func(
/*=================*/
				/* out: the new offsets */
	const rec_t*	rec,	/* in: physical record */
	dict_index_t*	index,	/* in: record descriptor */
	ulint*		offsets,/* in: array consisting of offsets[0]
				allocated elements, or an array from
				rec_get_offsets(), or NULL */
	ulint		n_fields,/* in: maximum number of initialized fields
				(ULINT_UNDEFINED if all fields) */
	mem_heap_t**	heap,	/* in/out: memory heap */
	const char*	file,	/* in: file name where called */
	ulint		line)	/* in: line number where called */
{
	ulint	n;
	ulint	size;

	ut_ad(rec);
	ut_ad(index);
	ut_ad(heap);

	if (dict_table_is_comp(index->table)) {
		switch (UNIV_EXPECT(rec_get_status(rec),
				    REC_STATUS_ORDINARY)) {
		case REC_STATUS_ORDINARY:
			n = dict_index_get_n_fields(index);
			break;
		case REC_STATUS_NODE_PTR:
			n = dict_index_get_n_unique_in_tree(index) + 1;
			break;
		case REC_STATUS_INFIMUM:
		case REC_STATUS_SUPREMUM:
			/* infimum or supremum record */
			n = 1;
			break;
		default:
			ut_error;
			return(NULL);
		}
	} else {
		n = rec_get_n_fields_old(rec);
	}

	if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(n_fields < n)) {
		n = n_fields;
	}

	size = n + (1 + REC_OFFS_HEADER_SIZE);

	if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(!offsets)
	    || UNIV_UNLIKELY(rec_offs_get_n_alloc(offsets) < size)) {
		if (!*heap) {
			*heap = mem_heap_create_func(size * sizeof(ulint),
						     NULL, MEM_HEAP_DYNAMIC,
						     file, line);
		}
		offsets = mem_heap_alloc(*heap, size * sizeof(ulint));
		rec_offs_set_n_alloc(offsets, size);
	}

	rec_offs_set_n_fields(offsets, n);
	rec_init_offsets(rec, index, offsets);
	return(offsets);
}

/**********************************************************
The following function determines the offsets to each field
in the record.  It can reuse a previously allocated array. */

void
rec_get_offsets_reverse(
/*====================*/
	const byte*	extra,	/* in: the extra bytes of a compact record
				in reverse order, excluding the fixed-size
				REC_N_NEW_EXTRA_BYTES */
	dict_index_t*	index,	/* in: record descriptor */
	ibool		node_ptr,/* in: TRUE=node pointer, FALSE=leaf node */
	ulint*		offsets)/* in/out: array consisting of offsets[0]
				allocated elements */
{
	ulint		n;
	ulint		i;
	ulint		offs;
	const byte*	nulls;
	const byte*	lens;
	dict_field_t*	field;
	ulint		null_mask;
	ulint		n_node_ptr_field;

	ut_ad(extra);
	ut_ad(index);
	ut_ad(offsets);
	ut_ad(dict_table_is_comp(index->table));

	if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(node_ptr)) {
		n_node_ptr_field = dict_index_get_n_unique_in_tree(index);
		n = n_node_ptr_field + 1;
	} else {
		n_node_ptr_field = ULINT_UNDEFINED;
		n = dict_index_get_n_fields(index);
	}

	ut_a(rec_offs_get_n_alloc(offsets) >= n + (1 + REC_OFFS_HEADER_SIZE));
	rec_offs_set_n_fields(offsets, n);

	nulls = extra;
	lens = nulls + (index->n_nullable + 7) / 8;
	i = offs = 0;
	null_mask = 1;

	/* read the lengths of fields 0..n */
	do {
		ulint	len;
		if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(i == n_node_ptr_field)) {
			len = offs += 4;
			goto resolved;
		}

		field = dict_index_get_nth_field(index, i);
		if (!(dict_field_get_col(field)->prtype & DATA_NOT_NULL)) {
			/* nullable field => read the null flag */

			if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(!(byte) null_mask)) {
				nulls++;
				null_mask = 1;
			}

			if (*nulls & null_mask) {
				null_mask <<= 1;
				/* No length is stored for NULL fields.
				We do not advance offs, and we set
				the length to zero and enable the
				SQL NULL flag in offsets[]. */
				len = offs | REC_OFFS_SQL_NULL;
				goto resolved;
			}
			null_mask <<= 1;
		}

		if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(!field->fixed_len)) {
			/* Variable-length field: read the length */
			const dict_col_t*	col
				= dict_field_get_col(field);
			len = *lens++;
			if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(col->len > 255)
			    || UNIV_UNLIKELY(col->mtype == DATA_BLOB)) {
				if (len & 0x80) {
					/* 1exxxxxxx xxxxxxxx */
					len <<= 8;
					len |= *lens++;

					offs += len & 0x3fff;
					if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(len & 0x4000)) {
						len = offs | REC_OFFS_EXTERNAL;
					} else {
						len = offs;
					}

					goto resolved;
				}
			}

			len = offs += len;
		} else {
			len = offs += field->fixed_len;
		}
resolved:
		rec_offs_base(offsets)[i + 1] = len;
	} while (++i < rec_offs_n_fields(offsets));

	ut_ad(lens >= extra);
	*rec_offs_base(offsets) = (lens - extra + REC_N_NEW_EXTRA_BYTES)
		| REC_OFFS_COMPACT;
}

/****************************************************************
The following function is used to get a pointer to the nth
data field in an old-style record. */

byte*
rec_get_nth_field_old(
/*==================*/
			/* out: pointer to the field */
	rec_t*	rec,	/* in: record */
	ulint	n,	/* in: index of the field */
	ulint*	len)	/* out: length of the field; UNIV_SQL_NULL if SQL
			null */
{
	ulint	os;
	ulint	next_os;

	ut_ad(rec && len);
	ut_ad(n < rec_get_n_fields_old(rec));

	if (n > REC_MAX_N_FIELDS) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Error: trying to access field %lu in rec\n",
			(ulong) n);
		ut_error;
	}

	if (rec == NULL) {
		fputs("Error: rec is NULL pointer\n", stderr);
		ut_error;
	}

	if (rec_get_1byte_offs_flag(rec)) {
		os = rec_1_get_field_start_offs(rec, n);

		next_os = rec_1_get_field_end_info(rec, n);

		if (next_os & REC_1BYTE_SQL_NULL_MASK) {
			*len = UNIV_SQL_NULL;

			return(rec + os);
		}

		next_os = next_os & ~REC_1BYTE_SQL_NULL_MASK;
	} else {
		os = rec_2_get_field_start_offs(rec, n);

		next_os = rec_2_get_field_end_info(rec, n);

		if (next_os & REC_2BYTE_SQL_NULL_MASK) {
			*len = UNIV_SQL_NULL;

			return(rec + os);
		}

		next_os = next_os & ~(REC_2BYTE_SQL_NULL_MASK
				      | REC_2BYTE_EXTERN_MASK);
	}

	*len = next_os - os;

	ut_ad(*len < UNIV_PAGE_SIZE);

	return(rec + os);
}

/**************************************************************
The following function returns the size of a data tuple when converted to
a new-style physical record. */

ulint
rec_get_converted_size_new(
/*=======================*/
				/* out: size */
	dict_index_t*	index,	/* in: record descriptor */
	dtuple_t*	dtuple,
	const ulint*	ext,	/* in: array of extern field numbers */
	ulint		n_ext)	/* in: number of elements in ext */
{
	ulint		size		= REC_N_NEW_EXTRA_BYTES
		+ (index->n_nullable + 7) / 8;
	ulint		i;
	ulint		j;
	ulint		n_fields;
	ut_ad(index && dtuple);
	ut_ad(dict_table_is_comp(index->table));

	switch (dtuple_get_info_bits(dtuple) & REC_NEW_STATUS_MASK) {
	case REC_STATUS_ORDINARY:
		n_fields = dict_index_get_n_fields(index);
		ut_ad(n_fields == dtuple_get_n_fields(dtuple));
		break;
	case REC_STATUS_NODE_PTR:
		n_fields = dict_index_get_n_unique_in_tree(index);
		ut_ad(n_fields + 1 == dtuple_get_n_fields(dtuple));
		ut_ad(dtuple_get_nth_field(dtuple, n_fields)->len == 4);
		size += 4; /* child page number */
		break;
	case REC_STATUS_INFIMUM:
	case REC_STATUS_SUPREMUM:
		/* infimum or supremum record, 8 bytes */
		return(size + 8); /* no extra data needed */
	default:
		ut_error;
		return(ULINT_UNDEFINED);
	}

	/* read the lengths of fields 0..n */
	for (i = j = 0; i < n_fields; i++) {
		dict_field_t*		field;
		ulint			len;
		const dict_col_t*	col;

		field = dict_index_get_nth_field(index, i);
		len = dtuple_get_nth_field(dtuple, i)->len;
		col = dict_field_get_col(field);

		ut_ad(len != UNIV_SQL_NULL || !(col->prtype & DATA_NOT_NULL));

		if (len == UNIV_SQL_NULL) {
			/* No length is stored for NULL fields. */
			continue;
		}

		ut_ad(len <= col->len || col->mtype == DATA_BLOB);
		ut_ad(!field->fixed_len || len == field->fixed_len);

		if (field->fixed_len) {
		} else if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(j < n_ext) && i == ext[j]) {
			j++;
			size += 2;
		} else if (len < 128
			   || (col->len < 256 && col->mtype != DATA_BLOB)) {
			size++;
		} else {
			size += 2;
		}
		size += len;
	}

	ut_ad(j == n_ext);

	return(size);
}

/***************************************************************
Sets the value of the ith field SQL null bit of an old-style record. */

void
rec_set_nth_field_null_bit(
/*=======================*/
	rec_t*	rec,	/* in: record */
	ulint	i,	/* in: ith field */
	ibool	val)	/* in: value to set */
{
	ulint	info;

	if (rec_get_1byte_offs_flag(rec)) {

		info = rec_1_get_field_end_info(rec, i);

		if (val) {
			info = info | REC_1BYTE_SQL_NULL_MASK;
		} else {
			info = info & ~REC_1BYTE_SQL_NULL_MASK;
		}

		rec_1_set_field_end_info(rec, i, info);

		return;
	}

	info = rec_2_get_field_end_info(rec, i);

	if (val) {
		info = info | REC_2BYTE_SQL_NULL_MASK;
	} else {
		info = info & ~REC_2BYTE_SQL_NULL_MASK;
	}

	rec_2_set_field_end_info(rec, i, info);
}

/***************************************************************
Sets an old-style record field to SQL null.
The physical size of the field is not changed. */

void
rec_set_nth_field_sql_null(
/*=======================*/
	rec_t*	rec,	/* in: record */
	ulint	n)	/* in: index of the field */
{
	ulint	offset;

	offset = rec_get_field_start_offs(rec, n);

	data_write_sql_null(rec + offset, rec_get_nth_field_size(rec, n));

	rec_set_nth_field_null_bit(rec, n, TRUE);
}

/*************************************************************
Builds an old-style physical record out of a data tuple and
stores it beginning from the start of the given buffer. */
static
rec_t*
rec_convert_dtuple_to_rec_old(
/*==========================*/
				/* out: pointer to the origin of
				physical record */
	byte*		buf,	/* in: start address of the physical record */
	const dtuple_t*	dtuple,	/* in: data tuple */
	const ulint*	ext,	/* in: array of extern field numbers,
				in ascending order */
	ulint		n_ext)	/* in: number of externally stored columns */
{
	const dfield_t*	field;
	ulint		n_fields;
	ulint		data_size;
	rec_t*		rec;
	ulint		end_offset;
	ulint		ored_offset;
	const byte*	data;
	ulint		len;
	ulint		i;

	ut_ad(buf && dtuple);
	ut_ad(dtuple_validate(dtuple));
	ut_ad(dtuple_check_typed(dtuple));

	n_fields = dtuple_get_n_fields(dtuple);
	data_size = dtuple_get_data_size(dtuple);

	ut_ad(n_fields > 0);

	/* Calculate the offset of the origin in the physical record */

	rec = buf + rec_get_converted_extra_size(data_size, n_fields, n_ext);
#ifdef UNIV_DEBUG
	/* Suppress Valgrind warnings of ut_ad()
	in mach_write_to_1(), mach_write_to_2() et al. */
	memset(buf, 0xff, rec - buf + data_size);
#endif /* UNIV_DEBUG */
	/* Store the number of fields */
	rec_set_n_fields_old(rec, n_fields);

	/* Set the info bits of the record */
	rec_set_info_bits_old(rec, dtuple_get_info_bits(dtuple)
			      & REC_INFO_BITS_MASK);

	/* Store the data and the offsets */

	end_offset = 0;

	if (!n_ext && data_size <= REC_1BYTE_OFFS_LIMIT) {

		rec_set_1byte_offs_flag(rec, TRUE);

		for (i = 0; i < n_fields; i++) {

			field = dtuple_get_nth_field(dtuple, i);

			data = dfield_get_data((dfield_t*) field);
			len = dfield_get_len(field);

			if (len == UNIV_SQL_NULL) {
				len = dtype_get_sql_null_size(
					dfield_get_type(field));
				data_write_sql_null(rec + end_offset, len);

				end_offset += len;
				ored_offset = end_offset
					| REC_1BYTE_SQL_NULL_MASK;
			} else {
				/* If the data is not SQL null, store it */
				ut_memcpy(rec + end_offset, data, len);

				end_offset += len;
				ored_offset = end_offset;
			}

			rec_1_set_field_end_info(rec, i, ored_offset);
		}
	} else {
		ulint	j;

		rec_set_1byte_offs_flag(rec, FALSE);

		for (i = j = 0; i < n_fields; i++) {

			field = dtuple_get_nth_field(dtuple, i);

			data = dfield_get_data((dfield_t*) field);
			len = dfield_get_len(field);

			if (len == UNIV_SQL_NULL) {
				len = dtype_get_sql_null_size(
					dfield_get_type(field));
				data_write_sql_null(rec + end_offset, len);

				end_offset += len;
				ored_offset = end_offset
					| REC_2BYTE_SQL_NULL_MASK;
			} else {
				/* If the data is not SQL null, store it */
				ut_memcpy(rec + end_offset, data, len);

				end_offset += len;
				ored_offset = end_offset;

				if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(j < n_ext) && i == ext[j]) {
					j++;
					ored_offset |= REC_2BYTE_EXTERN_MASK;
				}
			}

			rec_2_set_field_end_info(rec, i, ored_offset);
		}

		ut_ad(j == n_ext);
	}

	return(rec);
}

/*************************************************************
Builds a new-style physical record out of a data tuple and
stores it beginning from the start of the given buffer. */
static
rec_t*
rec_convert_dtuple_to_rec_new(
/*==========================*/
				/* out: pointer to the origin
				of physical record */
	byte*		buf,	/* in: start address of the physical record */
	dict_index_t*	index,	/* in: record descriptor */
	const dtuple_t*	dtuple,	/* in: data tuple */
	const ulint*	ext,	/* in: array of extern field numbers,
				in ascending order */
	ulint		n_ext)	/* in: number of elements in ext */
{
	const dfield_t*	field;
	const dtype_t*	type;
	rec_t*		rec		= buf + REC_N_NEW_EXTRA_BYTES;
	byte*		end;
	byte*		nulls;
	byte*		lens;
	ulint		len;
	ulint		i;
	ulint		j;
	ulint		n_node_ptr_field;
	ulint		fixed_len;
	ulint		null_mask	= 1;
	const ulint	n_fields	= dtuple_get_n_fields(dtuple);
	ut_ad(dict_table_is_comp(index->table));
	ut_ad(n_fields > 0);

	/* Try to ensure that the memset() between the for() loops
	completes fast.	 The address is not exact, but UNIV_PREFETCH
	should never generate a memory fault. */
	UNIV_PREFETCH_RW(rec - REC_N_NEW_EXTRA_BYTES - n_fields);
	UNIV_PREFETCH_RW(rec);

	switch (UNIV_EXPECT(dtuple_get_info_bits(dtuple) & REC_NEW_STATUS_MASK,
			    REC_STATUS_ORDINARY)) {
	case REC_STATUS_ORDINARY:
		ut_ad(n_fields <= dict_index_get_n_fields(index));
		n_node_ptr_field = ULINT_UNDEFINED;
		break;
	case REC_STATUS_NODE_PTR:
		ut_ad(n_fields == dict_index_get_n_unique_in_tree(index) + 1);
		n_node_ptr_field = n_fields - 1;
		break;
	case REC_STATUS_INFIMUM:
	case REC_STATUS_SUPREMUM:
		ut_ad(n_fields == 1);
		n_node_ptr_field = ULINT_UNDEFINED;
		ut_d(j = 0);
		goto init;
	default:
		ut_error;
		return(0);
	}

	/* Calculate the offset of the origin in the physical record.
	We must loop over all fields to do this. */
	rec += (index->n_nullable + 7) / 8;

	for (i = j = 0; i < n_fields; i++) {
		if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(i == n_node_ptr_field)) {
#ifdef UNIV_DEBUG
			field = dtuple_get_nth_field(dtuple, i);
			type = dfield_get_type(field);
			ut_ad(dtype_get_prtype(type) & DATA_NOT_NULL);
			ut_ad(dfield_get_len(field) == 4);
#endif /* UNIV_DEBUG */
			goto init;
		}
		field = dtuple_get_nth_field(dtuple, i);
		type = dfield_get_type(field);
		len = dfield_get_len(field);
		fixed_len = dict_index_get_nth_field(index, i)->fixed_len;

		if (!(dtype_get_prtype(type) & DATA_NOT_NULL)) {
			if (len == UNIV_SQL_NULL)
				continue;
		}
		/* only nullable fields can be null */
		ut_ad(len != UNIV_SQL_NULL);
		if (fixed_len) {
			ut_ad(len == fixed_len);
		} else {
			ut_ad(len <= dtype_get_len(type)
			      || dtype_get_mtype(type) == DATA_BLOB);
			rec++;
			if (len >= 128
			    && (dtype_get_len(type) >= 256
				|| dtype_get_mtype(type) == DATA_BLOB)) {
				rec++;
			} else if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(j < n_ext) && i == ext[j]) {
				j++;
				rec++;
			}
		}
	}

init:
	ut_ad(j == n_ext);
	end = rec;
	nulls = rec - (REC_N_NEW_EXTRA_BYTES + 1);
	lens = nulls - (index->n_nullable + 7) / 8;
	/* clear the SQL-null flags */
	memset (lens + 1, 0, nulls - lens);

	/* Set the info bits of the record */
	rec_set_info_and_status_bits(rec, dtuple_get_info_bits(dtuple));

	/* Store the data and the offsets */

	for (i = j = 0; i < n_fields; i++) {
		field = dtuple_get_nth_field(dtuple, i);
		type = dfield_get_type(field);
		len = dfield_get_len(field);

		if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(i == n_node_ptr_field)) {
			ut_ad(dtype_get_prtype(type) & DATA_NOT_NULL);
			ut_ad(len == 4);
			memcpy(end, dfield_get_data((dfield_t*) field), len);
			end += 4;
			break;
		}
		fixed_len = dict_index_get_nth_field(index, i)->fixed_len;

		if (!(dtype_get_prtype(type) & DATA_NOT_NULL)) {
			/* nullable field */
			ut_ad(index->n_nullable > 0);

			if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(!(byte) null_mask)) {
				nulls--;
				null_mask = 1;
			}

			ut_ad(*nulls < null_mask);

			/* set the null flag if necessary */
			if (len == UNIV_SQL_NULL) {
				*nulls |= null_mask;
				null_mask <<= 1;
				continue;
			}

			null_mask <<= 1;
		}
		/* only nullable fields can be null */
		ut_ad(len != UNIV_SQL_NULL);
		if (fixed_len) {
			ut_ad(len == fixed_len);
		} else {
			ut_ad(len <= dtype_get_len(type)
			      || dtype_get_mtype(type) == DATA_BLOB);
			if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(j < n_ext) && i == ext[j]) {
				j++;
				ut_ad(len < REC_MAX_INDEX_COL_LEN);
				*lens-- = (byte) (len >> 8) | 0xc0;
				*lens-- = (byte) len;
			} else if (len < 128
				   || (dtype_get_len(type) < 256
				       && dtype_get_mtype(type)
				       != DATA_BLOB)) {
				*lens-- = (byte) len;
			} else {
				ut_ad(len < 16384);
				*lens-- = (byte) (len >> 8) | 0x80;
				*lens-- = (byte) len;
			}
		}

		memcpy(end, dfield_get_data((dfield_t*) field), len);
		end += len;
	}

	ut_ad(j == n_ext);

	return(rec);
}

/*************************************************************
Builds a physical record out of a data tuple and
stores it beginning from the start of the given buffer. */

rec_t*
rec_convert_dtuple_to_rec(
/*======================*/
				/* out: pointer to the origin
				of physical record */
	byte*		buf,	/* in: start address of the
				physical record */
	dict_index_t*	index,	/* in: record descriptor */
	const dtuple_t*	dtuple,	/* in: data tuple */
	const ulint*	ext,	/* in: array of extern field numbers,
				in ascending order */
	ulint		n_ext)	/* in: number of elements in ext */
{
	rec_t*	rec;

	ut_ad(buf && index && dtuple);
	ut_ad(dtuple_validate(dtuple));
	ut_ad(dtuple_check_typed(dtuple));

	if (dict_table_is_comp(index->table)) {
		rec = rec_convert_dtuple_to_rec_new(buf, index, dtuple,
						    ext, n_ext);
	} else {
		rec = rec_convert_dtuple_to_rec_old(buf, dtuple, ext, n_ext);
	}

#ifdef UNIV_DEBUG
	{
		mem_heap_t*	heap	= NULL;
		ulint		offsets_[REC_OFFS_NORMAL_SIZE];
		const ulint*	offsets;
		*offsets_ = (sizeof offsets_) / sizeof *offsets_;

		offsets = rec_get_offsets(rec, index,
					  offsets_, ULINT_UNDEFINED, &heap);
		ut_ad(rec_validate(rec, offsets));
		if (UNIV_LIKELY_NULL(heap)) {
			mem_heap_free(heap);
		}
	}
#endif /* UNIV_DEBUG */
	return(rec);
}

/******************************************************************
Copies the first n fields of a physical record to a data tuple. The fields
are copied to the memory heap. */

void
rec_copy_prefix_to_dtuple(
/*======================*/
	dtuple_t*	tuple,		/* in: data tuple */
	const rec_t*	rec,		/* in: physical record */
	dict_index_t*	index,		/* in: record descriptor */
	ulint		n_fields,	/* in: number of fields to copy */
	mem_heap_t*	heap)		/* in: memory heap */
{
	dfield_t*	field;
	const byte*	data;
	ulint		len;
	byte*		buf = NULL;
	ulint		i;
	ulint		offsets_[REC_OFFS_NORMAL_SIZE];
	ulint*		offsets	= offsets_;
	*offsets_ = (sizeof offsets_) / sizeof *offsets_;

	offsets = rec_get_offsets(rec, index, offsets, n_fields, &heap);

	ut_ad(rec_validate(rec, offsets));
	ut_ad(dtuple_check_typed(tuple));

	dtuple_set_info_bits(tuple, rec_get_info_bits(
				     rec, dict_table_is_comp(index->table)));

	for (i = 0; i < n_fields; i++) {

		field = (dfield_t*) dtuple_get_nth_field(tuple, i);
		data = rec_get_nth_field((rec_t*) rec, offsets, i, &len);

		if (len != UNIV_SQL_NULL) {
			buf = mem_heap_alloc(heap, len);

			ut_memcpy(buf, data, len);
		}

		dfield_set_data(field, buf, len);
	}
}

/******************************************************************
Copies the first n fields of an old-style physical record
to a new physical record in a buffer. */
static
rec_t*
rec_copy_prefix_to_buf_old(
/*=======================*/
					/* out, own: copied record */
	const rec_t*	rec,		/* in: physical record */
	ulint		n_fields,	/* in: number of fields to copy */
	ulint		area_end,	/* in: end of the prefix data */
	byte**		buf,		/* in/out: memory buffer for
					the copied prefix, or NULL */
	ulint*		buf_size)	/* in/out: buffer size */
{
	rec_t*	copy_rec;
	ulint	area_start;
	ulint	prefix_len;

	if (rec_get_1byte_offs_flag(rec)) {
		area_start = REC_N_OLD_EXTRA_BYTES + n_fields;
	} else {
		area_start = REC_N_OLD_EXTRA_BYTES + 2 * n_fields;
	}

	prefix_len = area_start + area_end;

	if ((*buf == NULL) || (*buf_size < prefix_len)) {
		if (*buf != NULL) {
			mem_free(*buf);
		}

		*buf = mem_alloc(prefix_len);
		*buf_size = prefix_len;
	}

	ut_memcpy(*buf, rec - area_start, prefix_len);

	copy_rec = *buf + area_start;

	rec_set_n_fields_old(copy_rec, n_fields);

	return(copy_rec);
}

/******************************************************************
Copies the first n fields of a physical record to a new physical record in
a buffer. */

rec_t*
rec_copy_prefix_to_buf(
/*===================*/
					/* out, own: copied record */
	const rec_t*	rec,		/* in: physical record */
	dict_index_t*	index,		/* in: record descriptor */
	ulint		n_fields,	/* in: number of fields to copy */
	byte**		buf,		/* in/out: memory buffer
					for the copied prefix, or NULL */
	ulint*		buf_size)	/* in/out: buffer size */
{
	const byte*	nulls;
	const byte*	lens;
	ulint		i;
	ulint		prefix_len;
	ulint		null_mask;
	ulint		status;

	UNIV_PREFETCH_RW(*buf);

	if (!dict_table_is_comp(index->table)) {
		ut_ad(rec_validate_old(rec));
		return(rec_copy_prefix_to_buf_old(
			       rec, n_fields,
			       rec_get_field_start_offs(rec, n_fields),
			       buf, buf_size));
	}

	status = rec_get_status(rec);

	switch (status) {
	case REC_STATUS_ORDINARY:
		ut_ad(n_fields <= dict_index_get_n_fields(index));
		break;
	case REC_STATUS_NODE_PTR:
		/* it doesn't make sense to copy the child page number field */
		ut_ad(n_fields <= dict_index_get_n_unique_in_tree(index));
		break;
	case REC_STATUS_INFIMUM:
	case REC_STATUS_SUPREMUM:
		/* infimum or supremum record: no sense to copy anything */
	default:
		ut_error;
		return(NULL);
	}

	nulls = rec - (REC_N_NEW_EXTRA_BYTES + 1);
	lens = nulls - (index->n_nullable + 7) / 8;
	UNIV_PREFETCH_R(lens);
	prefix_len = 0;
	null_mask = 1;

	/* read the lengths of fields 0..n */
	for (i = 0; i < n_fields; i++) {
		const dict_field_t*	field;
		const dict_col_t*	col;

		field = dict_index_get_nth_field(index, i);
		col = dict_field_get_col(field);

		if (!(col->prtype & DATA_NOT_NULL)) {
			/* nullable field => read the null flag */
			if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(!(byte) null_mask)) {
				nulls--;
				null_mask = 1;
			}

			if (*nulls & null_mask) {
				null_mask <<= 1;
				continue;
			}

			null_mask <<= 1;
		}

		if (field->fixed_len) {
			prefix_len += field->fixed_len;
		} else {
			ulint	len = *lens--;
			if (col->len > 255 || col->mtype == DATA_BLOB) {
				if (len & 0x80) {
					/* 1exxxxxx */
					len &= 0x3f;
					len <<= 8;
					len |= *lens--;
					UNIV_PREFETCH_R(lens);
				}
			}
			prefix_len += len;
		}
	}

	UNIV_PREFETCH_R(rec + prefix_len);

	prefix_len += rec - (lens + 1);

	if ((*buf == NULL) || (*buf_size < prefix_len)) {
		if (*buf != NULL) {
			mem_free(*buf);
		}

		*buf = mem_alloc(prefix_len);
		*buf_size = prefix_len;
	}

	memcpy(*buf, lens + 1, prefix_len);

	return(*buf + (rec - (lens + 1)));
}

/*******************************************************************
Validates the consistency of an old-style physical record. */
static
ibool
rec_validate_old(
/*=============*/
				/* out: TRUE if ok */
	const rec_t*	rec)	/* in: physical record */
{
	const byte*	data;
	ulint		len;
	ulint		n_fields;
	ulint		len_sum		= 0;
	ulint		sum		= 0;
	ulint		i;

	ut_a(rec);
	n_fields = rec_get_n_fields_old(rec);

	if ((n_fields == 0) || (n_fields > REC_MAX_N_FIELDS)) {
		fprintf(stderr, "InnoDB: Error: record has %lu fields\n",
			(ulong) n_fields);
		return(FALSE);
	}

	for (i = 0; i < n_fields; i++) {
		data = rec_get_nth_field_old((rec_t*) rec, i, &len);

		if (!((len < UNIV_PAGE_SIZE) || (len == UNIV_SQL_NULL))) {
			fprintf(stderr,
				"InnoDB: Error: record field %lu len %lu\n",
				(ulong) i,
				(ulong) len);
			return(FALSE);
		}

		if (len != UNIV_SQL_NULL) {
			len_sum += len;
			sum += *(data + len -1); /* dereference the
						 end of the field to
						 cause a memory trap
						 if possible */
		} else {
			len_sum += rec_get_nth_field_size(rec, i);
		}
	}

	if (len_sum != rec_get_data_size_old(rec)) {
		fprintf(stderr,
			"InnoDB: Error: record len should be %lu, len %lu\n",
			(ulong) len_sum,
			rec_get_data_size_old(rec));
		return(FALSE);
	}

	rec_dummy = sum; /* This is here only to fool the compiler */

	return(TRUE);
}

/*******************************************************************
Validates the consistency of a physical record. */

ibool
rec_validate(
/*=========*/
				/* out: TRUE if ok */
	const rec_t*	rec,	/* in: physical record */
	const ulint*	offsets)/* in: array returned by rec_get_offsets() */
{
	const byte*	data;
	ulint		len;
	ulint		n_fields;
	ulint		len_sum		= 0;
	ulint		sum		= 0;
	ulint		i;

	ut_a(rec);
	n_fields = rec_offs_n_fields(offsets);

	if ((n_fields == 0) || (n_fields > REC_MAX_N_FIELDS)) {
		fprintf(stderr, "InnoDB: Error: record has %lu fields\n",
			(ulong) n_fields);
		return(FALSE);
	}

	ut_a(rec_offs_comp(offsets) || n_fields <= rec_get_n_fields_old(rec));

	for (i = 0; i < n_fields; i++) {
		data = rec_get_nth_field((rec_t*) rec, offsets, i, &len);

		if (!((len < UNIV_PAGE_SIZE) || (len == UNIV_SQL_NULL))) {
			fprintf(stderr,
				"InnoDB: Error: record field %lu len %lu\n",
				(ulong) i,
				(ulong) len);
			return(FALSE);
		}

		if (len != UNIV_SQL_NULL) {
			len_sum += len;
			sum += *(data + len -1); /* dereference the
						 end of the field to
						 cause a memory trap
						 if possible */
		} else if (!rec_offs_comp(offsets)) {
			len_sum += rec_get_nth_field_size(rec, i);
		}
	}

	if (len_sum != rec_offs_data_size(offsets)) {
		fprintf(stderr,
			"InnoDB: Error: record len should be %lu, len %lu\n",
			(ulong) len_sum,
			(ulong) rec_offs_data_size(offsets));
		return(FALSE);
	}

	rec_dummy = sum; /* This is here only to fool the compiler */

	if (!rec_offs_comp(offsets)) {
		ut_a(rec_validate_old(rec));
	}

	return(TRUE);
}

/*******************************************************************
Prints an old-style physical record. */

void
rec_print_old(
/*==========*/
	FILE*		file,	/* in: file where to print */
	const rec_t*	rec)	/* in: physical record */
{
	const byte*	data;
	ulint		len;
	ulint		n;
	ulint		i;

	ut_ad(rec);

	n = rec_get_n_fields_old(rec);

	fprintf(file, "PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields %lu;"
		" %u-byte offsets; info bits %lu\n",
		(ulong) n,
		rec_get_1byte_offs_flag(rec) ? 1 : 2,
		(ulong) rec_get_info_bits(rec, FALSE));

	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {

		data = rec_get_nth_field_old((rec_t*) rec, i, &len);

		fprintf(file, " %lu:", (ulong) i);

		if (len != UNIV_SQL_NULL) {
			if (len <= 30) {

				ut_print_buf(file, data, len);
			} else {
				ut_print_buf(file, data, 30);

				fputs("...(truncated)", file);
			}
		} else {
			fprintf(file, " SQL NULL, size %lu ",
				rec_get_nth_field_size(rec, i));
		}
		putc(';', file);
	}

	putc('\n', file);

	rec_validate_old(rec);
}

/*******************************************************************
Prints a physical record. */

void
rec_print_new(
/*==========*/
	FILE*		file,	/* in: file where to print */
	const rec_t*	rec,	/* in: physical record */
	const ulint*	offsets)/* in: array returned by rec_get_offsets() */
{
	const byte*	data;
	ulint		len;
	ulint		i;

	ut_ad(rec_offs_validate(rec, NULL, offsets));

	if (!rec_offs_comp(offsets)) {
		rec_print_old(file, rec);
		return;
	}

	ut_ad(rec);

	fprintf(file, "PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields %lu;"
		" compact format; info bits %lu\n",
		(ulong) rec_offs_n_fields(offsets),
		(ulong) rec_get_info_bits(rec, TRUE));

	for (i = 0; i < rec_offs_n_fields(offsets); i++) {

		data = rec_get_nth_field((rec_t*) rec, offsets, i, &len);

		fprintf(file, " %lu:", (ulong) i);

		if (len != UNIV_SQL_NULL) {
			if (len <= 30) {

				ut_print_buf(file, data, len);
			} else {
				ut_print_buf(file, data, 30);

				fputs("...(truncated)", file);
			}
		} else {
			fputs(" SQL NULL", file);
		}
		putc(';', file);
	}

	putc('\n', file);

	rec_validate(rec, offsets);
}

/*******************************************************************
Prints a physical record. */

void
rec_print(
/*======*/
	FILE*		file,	/* in: file where to print */
	const rec_t*	rec,	/* in: physical record */
	dict_index_t*	index)	/* in: record descriptor */
{
	ut_ad(index);

	if (!dict_table_is_comp(index->table)) {
		rec_print_old(file, rec);
		return;
	} else {
		mem_heap_t*	heap	= NULL;
		ulint		offsets_[REC_OFFS_NORMAL_SIZE];
		*offsets_ = (sizeof offsets_) / sizeof *offsets_;

		rec_print_new(file, rec,
			      rec_get_offsets(rec, index, offsets_,
					      ULINT_UNDEFINED, &heap));
		if (UNIV_LIKELY_NULL(heap)) {
			mem_heap_free(heap);
		}
	}
}