MariaDB server is a community developed fork of MySQL server. Started by core members of the original MySQL team, MariaDB actively works with outside developers to deliver the most featureful, stable, and sanely licensed open SQL server in the industry.
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Monty 3fa99f0c0e Change cost for REF to take into account cost for 1 extra key read_next
The main difference in code path between EQ_REF and REF is that for
REF we have to do an extra read_next on the index to check that there
is no more matching rows.

Before this patch we added a preference of EQ_REF by ensuring that REF
would always estimate to find at least 2 rows.

This patch adds the cost of the extra key read_next to REF access and
removes the code that limited REF to at least 2 rows. For some queries
this can have a big effect as the total estimated rows will be halved
for each REF table with 1 rows.

multi_range cost calculations are also changed to take into account
the difference between EQ_REF and REF.

The effect of the patch to the test suite:
- About 80 test case changed
- Almost all changes where for EXPLAIN where estimated rows for REF
  where changed from 2 to 1.
- A few test cases using explain extended had a change of 'filtered'.
  This is because of the estimated rows are now closer to the
  calculated selectivity.
- A very few test had a change of table order.
  This is because the change of estimated rows from 2 to 1 or the small
  cost change for REF
  (main.subselect_sj_jcl6, main.group_by, main.dervied_cond_pushdown,
  main.distinct, main.join_nested, main.order_by, main.join_cache)
- No key statistics and the estimated rows are now smaller which cased
  estimated filtering to be lower.
  (main.subselect_sj_mat)
- The number of total rows are halved.
  (main.derived_cond_pushdown)
- Plans with 1 row changed to use RANGE instead of REF.
  (main.group_min_max)
- ALL changed to REF
  (main.key_diff)
- Key changed from ref + index_only to PRIMARY key for InnoDB, as
  OPTIMIZER_ROW_LOOKUP_COST + OPTIMIZER_ROW_NEXT_FIND_COST is smaller than
  OPTIMIZER_KEY_LOOKUP_COST + OPTIMIZER_KEY_NEXT_FIND_COST.
  (main.join_outer_innodb)
- Cost changes printouts
  (main.opt_trace*)
- Result order change
  (innodb_gis.rtree)
2023-02-10 12:58:50 +02:00
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MariaDB: The open source relational database

MariaDB was designed as a drop-in replacement of MySQL(R) with more features, new storage engines, fewer bugs, and better performance.

MariaDB is brought to you by the MariaDB Foundation and the MariaDB Corporation. Please read the CREDITS file for details about the MariaDB Foundation, and who is developing MariaDB.

MariaDB is developed by many of the original developers of MySQL who now work for the MariaDB Corporation, the MariaDB Foundation and by many people in the community.

MySQL, which is the base of MariaDB, is a product and trademark of Oracle Corporation, Inc. For a list of developers and other contributors, see the Credits appendix. You can also run 'SHOW authors' to get a list of active contributors.

A description of the MariaDB project and a manual can be found at:

https://mariadb.org

https://mariadb.com/kb/en/

https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb-vs-mysql-features/

https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb-versus-mysql-compatibility/

https://mariadb.com/kb/en/new-and-old-releases/

Help

More help is available from the Maria Discuss mailing list https://launchpad.net/~maria-discuss, MariaDB's Zulip instance, https://mariadb.zulipchat.com/

Live QA for beginner contributors

MariaDB has a dedicated time each week when we answer new contributor questions live on Zulip. From 8:00 to 10:00 UTC on Mondays, and 10:00 to 12:00 UTC on Thursdays, anyone can ask any questions theyd like, and a live developer will be available to assist.

New contributors can ask questions any time, but we will provide immediate feedback during that interval.

Licensing


NOTE:

MariaDB is specifically available only under version 2 of the GNU General Public License (GPLv2). (I.e. Without the "any later version" clause.) This is inherited from MySQL. Please see the README file in the MySQL distribution for more information.

License information can be found in the COPYING file. Third party license information can be found in the THIRDPARTY file.


Bug Reports

Bug and/or error reports regarding MariaDB should be submitted at: https://jira.mariadb.org

For reporting security vulnerabilities see: https://mariadb.org/about/security-policy/

The code for MariaDB, including all revision history, can be found at: https://github.com/MariaDB/server