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Syntax:
TO_DATE(string_expression [DEFAULT string_expression ON CONVERSION ERROR],
format_string [,NLS_FORMAT_STRING])
The format_string has the same format elements as TO_CHAR(), except a
few elements that are not supported/usable for TO_DATE().
TO_DATE() returns a datetime or date value, depending on if the format
element FF is used.
Allowed separators, same as TO_CHAR():
space, tab and any of !#%'()*+,-./:;<=>
'&' can also be used if next character is not a character a-z or A-Z
"text' indicates a text string that is verbatim in the format. One cannot
use " as a separator.
Format elements supported by TO_DATE():
AD Anno Domini ("in the year of the Lord")
AD_DOT Anno Domini ("in the year of the Lord")
AM Meridian indicator (Before midday)
AM_DOT Meridian indicator (Before midday)
DAY Name of day
DD Day (1-31)
DDD Day of year (1-336)
DY Abbreviated name of day
FF[1-6] Fractional seconds
HH Hour (1-12)
HH12 Hour (1-12)
HH24 Hour (0-23)
IW Week of year (1-53). Used with I, IY...IYYY. ISO 8601
MI Minutes (0-59)
MM Month (1-12)
MON Abbreviated name of month
MONTH Name of Month
PM Meridian indicator (After midday)
PM_DOT Meridian indicator (After midday)
RR 20th century dates in the 21st century. 2 digits
50-99 is assumed from 2000, 0-49 is assumed from 1900.
RRRR 20th century dates in the 21st century. 4 digits
SS Seconds
SYYYY Signed 4 digit year; MariaDB only supports positive years
Y 1 digit year
YY 2 digits year
YYY 3 digits year
YYYY 4 digits year
Note that if there is a missing part of the date, the current date is used!
For example if 'MM-DD HH-MM-SS' then the current year will be used.
(Oracle behaviour)
Not supported options:
BC, D, DL, DS, E, EE, FM, FX, RM, SSSSS, TS, TZD, TZH, TZR, X,SY
BC is not supported by MariaDB datetime.
Most of the other are exotic formats, format modifies other things that
does not make in MariaDB as we return datetime or datetime with fractions,
not string.
D (day-of-week) is not supported as it is not clear exactly how it would
map to MariaDB. This element depends on the NLS territory of the session.
Extensions / differences compared to Oracle;
- MariaDB supports FF (fractional seconds). If FF[£] is used,
then TO_DATE will return a datetime with # of subseconds.
If FF is not used a datetime will be returned.
- Names can be shortened to it's unique prefix. For example January and Ja
works fine.
- No error if the date string is shorter format_string. This is useful to
get a date from a mixed set of strings in date or datetime format.
Oracle gives an error if date string is too short.
- MariaDB supports short locales as language names
- NLS_DATE_FORMAT can use both " and ' for quoting.
New formats handled by TO_CHAR():
FF[1-6] Fractional seconds
DDD Daynumber 1-366
IW Week 1-53 according to ISO 8601
I 1 digit year according to ISO 8601
IY 2 digit year according to ISO 8601
IYY 3 digit year according to ISO 8601
IYYY 4 digit year according to ISO 8601
SYYY 4 digit year according to ISO 8601 (Oracle can do signed)
Supported NLS_FORMAT_STRING options are:
NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE=language
Support languages are:
- All MariaDB short locales, like en_AU.
- The following Oracle language names:
ALBANIAN, AMERICAN, ARABIC, BASQUE, BELARUSIAN, BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
BULGARIAN, CANADIAN FRENCH, CATALAN, CROATIAN, CYRILLIC SERBIAN CZECH,
DANISH, DUTCH, EGYPTIAN, ENGLISH, ESTONIAN, FINNISH, FRENCH, GERMAN,
GREEK, HEBREW, HINDI, HUNGARIAN, ICELANDIC, INDONESIAN ITALIAN,
JAPANESE, KANNADA, KOREAN, LATIN AMERICAN SPANISH, LATVIAN,
LITHUANIAN, MACEDONIAN, MALAY, MEXICAN SPANISH, NORWEGIAN, POLISH,
PORTUGUESE, ROMANIAN, RUSSIAN, SIMPLIFIED CHINESE, SLOVAK, SLOVENIAN,
SPANISH, SWAHILI, SWEDISH, TAMIL, THAI, TRADITIONAL CHINESE, TURKISH,
UKRAINIAN, URDU, VIETNAMESE
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||
|---|---|---|
| .. | ||
| collections | ||
| include | ||
| lib | ||
| main | ||
| std_data | ||
| suite | ||
| asan.supp | ||
| CMakeLists.txt | ||
| dgcov.pl | ||
| lsan.supp | ||
| mariadb-stress-test.pl | ||
| mariadb-test-run.pl | ||
| mtr.out-of-source | ||
| purify.supp | ||
| README | ||
| README-gcov | ||
| README.stress | ||
| suite.pm | ||
| valgrind.supp | ||
This directory contains test suites for the MariaDB server. To run currently existing test cases, execute ./mysql-test-run in this directory. Some tests are known to fail on some platforms or be otherwise unreliable. In the file collections/smoke_test there is a list of tests that are expected to be stable. In general you do not have to do "make install", and you can have a co-existing MariaDB installation, the tests will not conflict with it. To run the tests in a source directory, you must do "make" first. In Red Hat distributions, you should run the script as user "mysql". The user is created with nologin shell, so the best bet is something like # su - # cd /usr/share/mariadb-test # su -s /bin/bash mysql -c ./mysql-test-run This will use the installed MariaDB executables, but will run a private copy of the server process (using data files within /usr/share/mariadb-test), so you need not start the mysqld service beforehand. You can omit --skip-test-list option if you want to check whether the listed failures occur for you. To clean up afterwards, remove the created "var" subdirectory, e.g. # su -s /bin/bash - mysql -c "rm -rf /usr/share/mariadb-test/var" If tests fail on your system, please read the following manual section for instructions on how to report the problem: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/reporting-bugs If you want to use an already running MySQL server for specific tests, use the --extern option to mysql-test-run. Please note that in this mode, you are expected to provide names of the tests to run. For example, here is the command to run the "alias" and "analyze" tests with an external server: # mariadb-test-run --extern socket=/tmp/mysql.sock alias analyze To match your setup, you might need to provide other relevant options. With no test names on the command line, mysql-test-run will attempt to execute the default set of tests, which will certainly fail, because many tests cannot run with an external server (they need to control the options with which the server is started, restart the server during execution, etc.) You can create your own test cases. To create a test case, create a new file in the main subdirectory using a text editor. The file should have a .test extension. For example: # xemacs t/test_case_name.test In the file, put a set of SQL statements that create some tables, load test data, and run some queries to manipulate it. Your test should begin by dropping the tables you are going to create and end by dropping them again. This ensures that you can run the test over and over again. If you are using mysqltest commands in your test case, you should create the result file as follows: # mariadb-test-run --record test_case_name or # mariadb-test --record < t/test_case_name.test If you only have a simple test case consisting of SQL statements and comments, you can create the result file in one of the following ways: # mariadb-test-run --record test_case_name # mariadb test < t/test_case_name.test > r/test_case_name.result # mariadb-test --record --database test --result-file=r/test_case_name.result < t/test_case_name.test When this is done, take a look at r/test_case_name.result. If the result is incorrect, you have found a bug. In this case, you should edit the test result to the correct results so that we can verify that the bug is corrected in future releases. If you want to submit your test case you can send it to developers@lists.mariadb.org or attach it to a bug report on http://mariadb.org/jira/. If the test case is really big or if it contains 'not public' data, then put your .test file and .result file(s) into a tar.gz archive, add a README that explains the problem, ftp the archive to ftp://ftp.mariadb.org/private and submit a report to https://mariadb.org/jira about it. The latest information about mysql-test-run can be found at: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/mysqltest/ If you want to create .rdiff files, check https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/mysql-test-auxiliary-files/