This makes it easier to compare different costs and also allows
the optimizer to optimizer different storage engines more reliably.
- Added tests/check_costs.pl, a tool to verify optimizer cost calculations.
- Most engine costs has been found with this program. All steps to
calculate the new costs are documented in Docs/optimizer_costs.txt
- User optimizer_cost variables are given in microseconds (as individual
costs can be very small). Internally they are stored in ms.
- Changed DISK_READ_COST (was DISK_SEEK_BASE_COST) from a hard disk cost
(9 ms) to common SSD cost (400MB/sec).
- Removed cost calculations for hard disks (rotation etc).
- Changed the following handler functions to return IO_AND_CPU_COST.
This makes it easy to apply different cost modifiers in ha_..time()
functions for io and cpu costs.
- scan_time()
- rnd_pos_time() & rnd_pos_call_time()
- keyread_time()
- Enhanched keyread_time() to calculate the full cost of reading of a set
of keys with a given number of ranges and optional number of blocks that
need to be accessed.
- Removed read_time() as keyread_time() + rnd_pos_time() can do the same
thing and more.
- Tuned cost for: heap, myisam, Aria, InnoDB, archive and MyRocks.
Used heap table costs for json_table. The rest are using default engine
costs.
- Added the following new optimizer variables:
- optimizer_disk_read_ratio
- optimizer_disk_read_cost
- optimizer_key_lookup_cost
- optimizer_row_lookup_cost
- optimizer_row_next_find_cost
- optimizer_scan_cost
- Moved all engine specific cost to OPTIMIZER_COSTS structure.
- Changed costs to use 'records_out' instead of 'records_read' when
recalculating costs.
- Split optimizer_costs.h to optimizer_costs.h and optimizer_defaults.h.
This allows one to change costs without having to compile a lot of
files.
- Updated costs for filter lookup.
- Use a better cost estimate in best_extension_by_limited_search()
for the sorting cost.
- Fixed previous issues with 'filtered' explain column as we are now
using 'records_out' (min rows seen for table) to calculate filtering.
This greatly simplifies the filtering code in
JOIN_TAB::save_explain_data().
This change caused a lot of queries to be optimized differently than
before, which exposed different issues in the optimizer that needs to
be fixed. These fixes are in the following commits. To not have to
change the same test case over and over again, the changes in the test
cases are done in a single commit after all the critical change sets
are done.
InnoDB changes:
- Updated InnoDB to not divide big range cost with 2.
- Added cost for InnoDB (innobase_update_optimizer_costs()).
- Don't mark clustered primary key with HA_KEYREAD_ONLY. This will
prevent that the optimizer is trying to use index-only scans on
the clustered key.
- Disabled ha_innobase::scan_time() and ha_innobase::read_time() and
ha_innobase::rnd_pos_time() as the default engine cost functions now
works good for InnoDB.
Other things:
- Added --show-query-costs (\Q) option to mysql.cc to show the query
cost after each query (good when working with query costs).
- Extended my_getopt with GET_ADJUSTED_VALUE which allows one to adjust
the value that user is given. This is used to change cost from
microseconds (user input) to milliseconds (what the server is
internally using).
- Added include/my_tracker.h ; Useful include file to quickly test
costs of a function.
- Use handler::set_table() in all places instead of 'table= arg'.
- Added SHOW_OPTIMIZER_COSTS to sys variables. These are input and
shown in microseconds for the user but stored as milliseconds.
This is to make the numbers easier to read for the user (less
pre-zeros). Implemented in 'Sys_var_optimizer_cost' class.
- In test_quick_select() do not use index scans if 'no_keyread' is set
for the table. This is what we do in other places of the server.
- Added THD parameter to Unique::get_use_cost() and
check_index_intersect_extension() and similar functions to be able
to provide costs to called functions.
- Changed 'records' to 'rows' in optimizer_trace.
- Write more information to optimizer_trace.
- Added INDEX_BLOCK_FILL_FACTOR_MUL (4) and INDEX_BLOCK_FILL_FACTOR_DIV (3)
to calculate usage space of keys in b-trees. (Before we used numeric
constants).
- Removed code that assumed that b-trees has similar costs as binary
trees. Replaced with engine calls that returns the cost.
- Added Bitmap::find_first_bit()
- Added timings to join_cache for ANALYZE table (patch by Sergei Petrunia).
- Added records_init and records_after_filter to POSITION to remember
more of what best_access_patch() calculates.
- table_after_join_selectivity() changed to recalculate 'records_out'
based on the new fields from best_access_patch()
Bug fixes:
- Some queries did not update last_query_cost (was 0). Fixed by moving
setting thd->...last_query_cost in JOIN::optimize().
- Write '0' as number of rows for const tables with a matching row.
Some internals:
- Engine cost are stored in OPTIMIZER_COSTS structure. When a
handlerton is created, we also created a new cost variable for the
handlerton. We also create a new variable if the user changes a
optimizer cost for a not yet loaded handlerton either with command
line arguments or with SET
@@global.engine.optimizer_cost_variable=xx.
- There are 3 global OPTIMIZER_COSTS variables:
default_optimizer_costs The default costs + changes from the
command line without an engine specifier.
heap_optimizer_costs Heap table costs, used for temporary tables
tmp_table_optimizer_costs The cost for the default on disk internal
temporary table (MyISAM or Aria)
- The engine cost for a table is stored in table_share. To speed up
accesses the handler has a pointer to this. The cost is copied
to the table on first access. If one wants to change the cost one
must first update the global engine cost and then do a FLUSH TABLES.
This was done to be able to access the costs for an open table
without any locks.
- When a handlerton is created, the cost are updated the following way:
See sql/keycaches.cc for details:
- Use 'default_optimizer_costs' as a base
- Call hton->update_optimizer_costs() to override with the engines
default costs.
- Override the costs that the user has specified for the engine.
- One handler open, copy the engine cost from handlerton to TABLE_SHARE.
- Call handler::update_optimizer_costs() to allow the engine to update
cost for this particular table.
- There are two costs stored in THD. These are copied to the handler
when the table is used in a query:
- optimizer_where_cost
- optimizer_scan_setup_cost
- Simply code in best_access_path() by storing all cost result in a
structure. (Idea/Suggestion by Igor)
Variables added:
- optimizer_index_block_copy_cost
- optimizer_key_copy_cost
- optimizer_key_next_find_cost
- optimizer_key_compare_cost
- optimizer_row_copy_cost
- optimizer_where_compare_cost
Some rename of defines was done to make the internal defines similar to
the visible ones:
TIME_FOR_COMPARE -> WHERE_COST; WHERE_COST was also "inverted" to be
a number between 0 and 1 that is multiply with accepted records
(similar to other optimizer variables).
TIME_FOR_COMPARE_IDX -> KEY_COMPARE_COST. This is also inverted,
similar to TIME_FOR_COMPARE.
TIME_FOR_COMPARE_ROWID -> ROWID_COMPARE_COST. This is also inverted,
similar to TIME_FOR_COMPARE.
All default costs are identical to what they where before this patch.
Other things:
- Compare factor in get_merge_buffers_cost() was inverted.
- Changed namespace to static in filesort_utils.cc
- multi_range_read_info_const now uses the new records_in_range interface
- Added handler::avg_io_cost()
- Don't calculate avg_io_cost() in get_sweep_read_cost if avg_io_cost is
not 1.0. In this case we trust the avg_io_cost() from the handler.
- Changed test_quick_select to use TIME_FOR_COMPARE instead of
TIME_FOR_COMPARE_IDX to align this with the rest of the code.
- Fixed bug when using test_if_cheaper_ordering where we didn't use
keyread if index was changed
- Fixed a bug where we didn't use index only read when using order-by-index
- Added keyread_time() to HEAP.
The default keyread_time() was optimized for blocks and not suitable for
HEAP. The effect was the HEAP prefered table scans over ranges for btree
indexes.
- Fixed get_sweep_read_cost() for HEAP tables
- Ensure that range and ref have same cost for simple ranges
Added a small cost (MULTI_RANGE_READ_SETUP_COST) to ranges to ensure
we favior ref for range for simple queries.
- Fixed that matching_candidates_in_table() uses same number of records
as the rest of the optimizer
- Added avg_io_cost() to JT_EQ_REF cost. This helps calculate the cost for
HEAP and temporary tables better. A few tests changed because of this.
- heap::read_time() and heap::keyread_time() adjusted to not add +1.
This was to ensure that handler::keyread_time() doesn't give
higher cost for heap tables than for normal tables. One effect of
this is that heap and derived tables stored in heap will prefer
key access as this is now regarded as cheap.
- Changed cost for index read in sql_select.cc to match
multi_range_read_info_const(). All index cost calculation is now
done trough one function.
- 'ref' will now use quick_cost for keys if it exists. This is done
so that for '=' ranges, 'ref' is prefered over 'range'.
- scan_time() now takes avg_io_costs() into account
- get_delayed_table_estimates() uses block_size and avg_io_cost()
- Removed default argument to test_if_order_by_key(); simplifies code
This task deals with packing the non-sorted fields (or addon fields).
This would lead to efficient usage of the memory allocated for the sort buffer.
The changes brought by this feature are
1) Sort buffers would have records of variable length
2) Each record in the sort buffer would be stored like
<sort_key1><sort_key2>....<addon_length><null_bytes><field1><field2>....
addon_length is the extra bytes that are required to store the variable
length of addon field across different records.
3) Changes in rr_unpack_from_buffer and rr_from_tempfile to take into account
the variable length of records.
Ported WL#1509 Pack values of non-sorted fields in the sort buffer from
MySQL by Tor Didriksen
Modern compilers (such as GCC 8) emit warnings that the
'register' keyword is deprecated and not valid C++17.
Let us remove most use of the 'register' keyword.
Code in 'extra/' is not touched.
filesort and init_read_record() for the same table.
This will simplify code for WINDOW FUNCTIONS (MDEV-6115)
- Filesort_info renamed to SORT_INFO and moved to filesort.h
- filesort now returns SORT_INFO
- init_read_record() now takes a SORT_INFO parameter.
- unique declaration is moved to uniques.h
- subselect caching of buffers is now more explicit than before
- filesort_buffer is now reusable even if rec_length has changed.
- filsort_free_buffers() and free_io_cache() calls are removed
- Remove one malloc() when using get_addon_fields()
Other things:
- Added --debug-assert-on-not-freed-memory option to make it easier to
debug some not-freed-memory issues.
