Analysis:
Queries with implicit grouping (there is aggregate, but no group by)
follow some non-obvious semantics in the case of empty result set.
Aggregate functions produce some special "natural" value depending on
the function. For instance MIN/MAX return NULL, COUNT returns 0.
The complexity comes from non-aggregate expressions in the select list.
If the non-aggregate expression is a constant, it can be computed, so
we should return its value, however if the expression is non-constant,
and depends on columns from the empty result set, then the only meaningful
value is NULL.
The cause of the wrong result was that for subqueries the optimizer didn't
make a difference between constant and non-constant ones in the case of
empty result for implicit grouping.
Solution:
In all implementations of Item_subselect::no_rows_in_result() check if the
subquery predicate is constant. If it is constant, do not set it to the
default value for implicit grouping, instead let it be evaluated.
Analysis:
The optimizer detects an empty result through constant table optimization.
Then it calls return_zero_rows(), which in turns calls inderctly
Item_maxmin_subselect::no_rows_in_result(). The latter method set "value=0",
however "value" is pointer to Item_cache, and not just an integer value.
All of the Item_[maxmin | singlerow]_subselect::val_XXX methods does:
if (forced_const)
return value->val_real();
which of course crashes when value is a NULL pointer.
Solution:
When the optimizer discovers an empty result set, set
Item_singlerow_subselect::value to a FALSE constant Item instead of NULL.
The patch enables back constant subquery execution during
query optimization after it was disabled during the development
of MWL#89 (cost-based choice of IN-TO-EXISTS vs MATERIALIZATION).
The main idea is that constant subqueries are allowed to be executed
during optimization if their execution is not expensive.
The approach is as follows:
- Constant subqueries are recursively optimized in the beginning of
JOIN::optimize of the outer query. This is done by the new method
JOIN::optimize_constant_subqueries(). This is done so that the cost
of executing these queries can be estimated.
- Optimization of the outer query proceeds normally. During this phase
the optimizer may request execution of non-expensive constant subqueries.
Each place where the optimizer may potentially execute an expensive
expression is guarded with the predicate Item::is_expensive().
- The implementation of Item_subselect::is_expensive has been extended
to use the number of examined rows (estimated by the optimizer) as a
way to determine whether the subquery is expensive or not.
- The new system variable "expensive_subquery_limit" controls how many
examined rows are considered to be not expensive. The default is 100.
In addition, multiple changes were needed to make this solution work
in the light of the changes made by MWL#89. These changes were needed
to fix various crashes and wrong results, and legacy bugs discovered
during development.
Create an Item_cache based on item's cmp_type, not result_type in
subselect_engine.
Use result_field in Item_cache_temporal::cache_value(),
just like all other Item_cache*::cache_value() do.
Analysis:
The reason for the wrong result is the interaction between constant
optimization (in this case 1-row table) and subquery optimization.
- First the outer query is optimized, and 'make_join_statistics' finds that
table t2 has one row, reads that row, and marks the whole table as constant.
This also means that all fields of t2 are constant.
- Next, we optimize the subquery in the end of the outer 'make_join_statistics'.
The field 'f2' is considered constant, with value '3'. The subquery predicate
is rewritten as the constant TRUE.
- The outer query execution detects early that the whole query result is empty
and calls 'return_zero_rows'. Since the query is with implicit grouping, we
have to produce one row with special values for the aggregates (depending on
each aggregate function), and NULL values for all non-aggregate fields. This
function calls 'no_rows_in_result' to set each aggregate function to the
default value when it aggregates over an empty result, and then calls
'send_data', which in turn evaluates each Item in the SELECT list.
- When evaluation reaches the subquery predicate, it executes the subquery
with field 'f2' having a constant value '3', and the subquery produces the
incorrect result '7'.
Solution:
Implement Item::no_rows_in_result for all subquery predicates. In order to
make this work, it is also needed to make all val_* methods of all subquery
predicates respect the Item_subselect::forced_const flag. Otherwise subqueries
are executed anyways, and override the default value set by no_rows_in_result
with whatever result is produced from the subquery evaluation.
Part#1: make EXPLAIN's plan match the one by actual execution:
Item_subselect::used_tables() should return the same value irrespectively
of whether we're running an EXPLAIN or a SELECT.
The previous patch for the bug (that erroneously identified the bug as
bug 972973 in its comment) was incorrect.
It turned out that the code that triggered the abort complain reported for
the bug was not needed at all.
When the function free_tmp_table deletes the handler object for
a temporary table the field TABLE::file for this table should be
set to NULL. Otherwise an assertion failure may occur.
- When doing join optimization, pre-sort the tables so that they mimic the execution
order we've had with 'semijoin=off'.
- That way, we will not get regressions when there are two query plans (the old and the
new) that have indentical costs but different execution times (because of factors that
the optimizer was not able to take into account).
include/mysql_com.h:
remove "shutdown levels" that aren't shutdown levels from mysql_enum_shutdown_level
mysys/my_addr_resolve.c:
my_snprintf in 5.5 (but not in 5.3) supports %p
sql/item_func.cc:
use a method (that exists only in 5.5) instead of directly accessing a member
sql/item_subselect.cc:
use a method (that exists only in 5.5) instead of directly accessing a member
sql/opt_subselect.cc:
use a method (that exists only in 5.5) instead of directly accessing a member
sql/sql_select.cc:
use a method (that exists only in 5.5) instead of directly accessing a member
A defect in the subquery substitution code may lead to a server crash:
setting substitution's name should be followed by setting its length
(to keep them in sync).
mysql-test/r/gis.result:
BUG#12537203 - CRASH WHEN SUBSELECTING GLOBAL VARIABLES IN GEOMETRY FUNCTION ARGUMENTS
test result.
mysql-test/t/gis.test:
BUG#12537203 - CRASH WHEN SUBSELECTING GLOBAL VARIABLES IN GEOMETRY FUNCTION ARGUMENTS
test case.
sql/item_subselect.cc:
BUG#12537203 - CRASH WHEN SUBSELECTING GLOBAL VARIABLES IN GEOMETRY FUNCTION ARGUMENTS
set substitution's name length as well as the name itself (to keep them in sync).
The result of materialization of the right part of an IN subquery predicate
is placed into a temporary table. Each row of the materialized table is
distinct. A unique key over all fields of the temporary table is defined and
created. It allows to perform key look-ups into the table.
The table created for a materialized subquery can be accessed by key as
any other table. The function best_access-path search for the best access
to join a table to a given partial join. With some where conditions this
function considers a possibility of a ref_or_null access. If such access
employs the unique key on the temporary table then when estimating
the cost this access the function tries to use the array rec_per_key. Yet,
such array is not built for this unique key. This causes a crash of the server.
Rows returned by the subquery that contain nulls don't have to be placed
into temporary table, as they cannot be match any row produced by the
left part of the subquery predicate. So all fields of the temporary table
can be defined as non-nullable. In this case any ref_or_null access
to the temporary table does not make any sense and it does not make sense
to estimate such an access.
The fix makes sure that the temporary table for a materialized IN subquery
is defined with columns that are all non-nullable. The also ensures that
any row with nulls returned by the subquery is not placed into the
temporary table.
The function subselect_uniquesubquery_engine::copy_ref_key has to take into
account that when EXPLAIN is processed the array of store_key object created
for any TABLE_REF may contain elements for constant items. These items should
be ignored by thefunction.
Completed the fix for this bug.
Note: in 5.3 the affected 'if' statement in Item_in_subselect::single_value_transformer()
starting with the condition (thd->variables.sql_mode & MODE_ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY)
should be removed altogether. The change from table.cc is not needed either.
This is because in 5.3
- min/max transformation for subqueries are done at the optimization phase
- evaluation of the expensive subqueries is done at the execution phase.
Added an EXPLAIN EXTENDED to the test case for bug #12329653.
The MIN/MAX optimizer code from the function opt_sum_query erroneously
did not take into account conjunctive conditions that did not depend on
any table, yet were not identified as constant items. These could be
items containing rand() or PS/SP parameters. These items are supposed
to be evaluated at the execution phase. That's why if such conditions
can be extracted from the WHERE condition the MIN/MAX optimization is
not applied as currently it is always done at the optimization phase.
(In 5.3 expensive subqueries are also evaluated only at the execution
phase. So, if a constant condition with such subquery can be extracted
from the WHERE clause the MIN/MAX optimization should not be applied
in 5.3.)
IF an IN/ALL/SOME predicate with a constant left part is transformed
into an EXISTS subquery the resulting subquery should not be considered
uncacheable if the right part of the predicate is not uncacheable.
Backported the function dbug_print_item() from 5.3. The function is used
only for debugging.
The patch differs from the original MySQL patch as follows:
- All test case differences have been reviewed one by one, and
care has been taken to restore the original plan so that each
test case executes the code path it was designed for.
- A bug was found and fixed in MariaDB 5.3 in
Item_allany_subselect::cleanup().
- ORDER BY is not removed because we are unsure of all effects,
and it would prevent enabling ORDER BY ... LIMIT subqueries.
- ref_pointer_array.m_size is not adjusted because we don't do
array bounds checking, and because it looks risky.
Original comment by Jorgen Loland:
-------------------------------------------------------------
WL#5953 - Optimize away useless subquery clauses
For IN/ALL/ANY/SOME/EXISTS subqueries, the following clauses are
meaningless:
* ORDER BY (since we don't support LIMIT in these subqueries)
* DISTINCT
* GROUP BY if there is no HAVING clause and no aggregate
functions
This WL detects and optimizes away these useless parts of the
query during JOIN::prepare()
- Part 1 of the fix: for semi-join merged subqueries, calling child_join->optimize() until we're done with all
PS-lifetime optimizations in the parent.
The problem was that when we have single row subquery with no rows
Item_cache(es) which represent result row was not null and being
requested via element_index() returned random value.
The fix is setting all Item_cache(es) in NULL before executing the
query (reset() method) which guaranty NULL value of whole query
or its elements requested in any way if no rows was found.
set_null() method was added to Item_cache to guaranty correct NULL
value in case of reseting the cache.
