into a separate transaction_participant structure
handlerton inherits it, so handlerton itself doesn't change.
but entities that only need to participate in a transaction,
like binlog or online alter log, use a transaction_participant
and no longer need to pretend to be a full-blown but invisible
storage engine which doesn't support create table.
Allow queries of multiple SELECTs combined together with
UNIONs/EXCEPTs/INTERSECTs to be pushed down to foreign engines.
If the foreign engine provides an interface method "create_unit"
and the UNIT is a top-level unit of the SQL query then the server
tries to push the whole SELECT_LEX_UNIT down to the engine for execution.
The engine should perform necessary checks and if they succeed,
execute the query. If the engine is unable to execute the whole unit,
then another attempt is made to push down SELECTs composing the unit
separately using the "create_select" interface method. In this case
the results of separate SELECTs are combined at the server side
thus composing the final result
This patch is the result of running
run-clang-tidy -fix -header-filter=.* -checks='-*,modernize-use-equals-default' .
Code style changes have been done on top. The result of this change
leads to the following improvements:
1. Binary size reduction.
* For a -DBUILD_CONFIG=mysql_release build, the binary size is reduced by
~400kb.
* A raw -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release reduces the binary size by ~1.4kb.
2. Compiler can better understand the intent of the code, thus it leads
to more optimization possibilities. Additionally it enabled detecting
unused variables that had an empty default constructor but not marked
so explicitly.
Particular change required following this patch in sql/opt_range.cc
result_keys, an unused template class Bitmap now correctly issues
unused variable warnings.
Setting Bitmap template class constructor to default allows the compiler
to identify that there are no side-effects when instantiating the class.
Previously the compiler could not issue the warning as it assumed Bitmap
class (being a template) would not be performing a NO-OP for its default
constructor. This prevented the "unused variable warning".
This solves the current problem in the optimizer
- SELECT FROM big_table
- SELECT from small_table where small_table.eq_ref_key=big_table.id
The old code assumed that each eq_ref access will cause an IO.
As the cost of IO is high, this dominated the cost for the later table
which caused the optimizer to prefer table scans + join cache over
index reads.
This patch fixes this issue by limit the number of expected IO calls,
for rows and index separately, to the size of the table or index or
the number of accesses that we except in a range for the index.
The major changes are:
- Adding a new structure ALL_READ_COST that is mainly used in
best_access_path() to hold the costs parts of the cost we are
calculating. This allows us to limit the number of IO when multiplying
the cost with the previous row combinations.
- All storage engine cost functions are changed to return IO_AND_CPU_COST.
The virtual cost functions should now return in IO_AND_CPU_COST.io
the number of disk blocks that will be accessed instead of the cost
of the access.
- We are not limiting the io_blocks for table or index scans as we
assume that engines may not store these in the 'hot' part of the
cache. Table and index scan also uses much less IO blocks than
key accesses, so the original issue is not as critical with scans.
Other things:
OPT_RANGE now holds a 'Cost_estimate cost' instead a lot of different
costs. All the old costs, like index_only_read, can be extracted
from 'cost'.
- Added to the start of some functions 'handler *file= table->file'
to shorten the code that is using the handler.
- handler->cost() is used to change a ALL_READ_COST or IO_AND_CPU_COST
to 'cost in milliseconds'
- New functions: handler::index_blocks() and handler::row_blocks()
which are used to limit the IO.
- Added index_cost and row_cost to Cost_estimate and removed all not
needed members.
- Removed cost coefficients from Cost_estimate as these don't make sense
when costs (except IO_BLOCKS) are in milliseconds.
- Removed handler::avg_io_cost() and replaced it with DISK_READ_COST.
- Renamed best_range_rowid_filter_for_partial_join() to
best_range_rowid_filter() as using the old name made rows too long.
- Changed all SJ_MATERIALIZATION_INFO 'Cost_estimate' variables to
'double' as Cost_estimate power was not used for these and thus
just caused storage and performance overhead.
- Changed cost_for_index_read() to use 'worst_seeks' to only limit
IO, not number of table accesses. With this patch worst_seeks is
probably not needed anymore, but I kept it around just in case.
- Applying cost for filter got to be much shorter and easier thanks
to the API changes.
- Adjusted cost for fulltext keys in collaboration with Sergei Golubchik.
- Most test changes caused by this patch is that table scans are changed
to use indexes.
- Added ha_seq::keyread_time() and ha_seq::key_scan_time() to get
make checking number of potential IO blocks easier during debugging.
This makes it easier to compare different costs and also allows
the optimizer to optimizer different storage engines more reliably.
- Added tests/check_costs.pl, a tool to verify optimizer cost calculations.
- Most engine costs has been found with this program. All steps to
calculate the new costs are documented in Docs/optimizer_costs.txt
- User optimizer_cost variables are given in microseconds (as individual
costs can be very small). Internally they are stored in ms.
- Changed DISK_READ_COST (was DISK_SEEK_BASE_COST) from a hard disk cost
(9 ms) to common SSD cost (400MB/sec).
- Removed cost calculations for hard disks (rotation etc).
- Changed the following handler functions to return IO_AND_CPU_COST.
This makes it easy to apply different cost modifiers in ha_..time()
functions for io and cpu costs.
- scan_time()
- rnd_pos_time() & rnd_pos_call_time()
- keyread_time()
- Enhanched keyread_time() to calculate the full cost of reading of a set
of keys with a given number of ranges and optional number of blocks that
need to be accessed.
- Removed read_time() as keyread_time() + rnd_pos_time() can do the same
thing and more.
- Tuned cost for: heap, myisam, Aria, InnoDB, archive and MyRocks.
Used heap table costs for json_table. The rest are using default engine
costs.
- Added the following new optimizer variables:
- optimizer_disk_read_ratio
- optimizer_disk_read_cost
- optimizer_key_lookup_cost
- optimizer_row_lookup_cost
- optimizer_row_next_find_cost
- optimizer_scan_cost
- Moved all engine specific cost to OPTIMIZER_COSTS structure.
- Changed costs to use 'records_out' instead of 'records_read' when
recalculating costs.
- Split optimizer_costs.h to optimizer_costs.h and optimizer_defaults.h.
This allows one to change costs without having to compile a lot of
files.
- Updated costs for filter lookup.
- Use a better cost estimate in best_extension_by_limited_search()
for the sorting cost.
- Fixed previous issues with 'filtered' explain column as we are now
using 'records_out' (min rows seen for table) to calculate filtering.
This greatly simplifies the filtering code in
JOIN_TAB::save_explain_data().
This change caused a lot of queries to be optimized differently than
before, which exposed different issues in the optimizer that needs to
be fixed. These fixes are in the following commits. To not have to
change the same test case over and over again, the changes in the test
cases are done in a single commit after all the critical change sets
are done.
InnoDB changes:
- Updated InnoDB to not divide big range cost with 2.
- Added cost for InnoDB (innobase_update_optimizer_costs()).
- Don't mark clustered primary key with HA_KEYREAD_ONLY. This will
prevent that the optimizer is trying to use index-only scans on
the clustered key.
- Disabled ha_innobase::scan_time() and ha_innobase::read_time() and
ha_innobase::rnd_pos_time() as the default engine cost functions now
works good for InnoDB.
Other things:
- Added --show-query-costs (\Q) option to mysql.cc to show the query
cost after each query (good when working with query costs).
- Extended my_getopt with GET_ADJUSTED_VALUE which allows one to adjust
the value that user is given. This is used to change cost from
microseconds (user input) to milliseconds (what the server is
internally using).
- Added include/my_tracker.h ; Useful include file to quickly test
costs of a function.
- Use handler::set_table() in all places instead of 'table= arg'.
- Added SHOW_OPTIMIZER_COSTS to sys variables. These are input and
shown in microseconds for the user but stored as milliseconds.
This is to make the numbers easier to read for the user (less
pre-zeros). Implemented in 'Sys_var_optimizer_cost' class.
- In test_quick_select() do not use index scans if 'no_keyread' is set
for the table. This is what we do in other places of the server.
- Added THD parameter to Unique::get_use_cost() and
check_index_intersect_extension() and similar functions to be able
to provide costs to called functions.
- Changed 'records' to 'rows' in optimizer_trace.
- Write more information to optimizer_trace.
- Added INDEX_BLOCK_FILL_FACTOR_MUL (4) and INDEX_BLOCK_FILL_FACTOR_DIV (3)
to calculate usage space of keys in b-trees. (Before we used numeric
constants).
- Removed code that assumed that b-trees has similar costs as binary
trees. Replaced with engine calls that returns the cost.
- Added Bitmap::find_first_bit()
- Added timings to join_cache for ANALYZE table (patch by Sergei Petrunia).
- Added records_init and records_after_filter to POSITION to remember
more of what best_access_patch() calculates.
- table_after_join_selectivity() changed to recalculate 'records_out'
based on the new fields from best_access_patch()
Bug fixes:
- Some queries did not update last_query_cost (was 0). Fixed by moving
setting thd->...last_query_cost in JOIN::optimize().
- Write '0' as number of rows for const tables with a matching row.
Some internals:
- Engine cost are stored in OPTIMIZER_COSTS structure. When a
handlerton is created, we also created a new cost variable for the
handlerton. We also create a new variable if the user changes a
optimizer cost for a not yet loaded handlerton either with command
line arguments or with SET
@@global.engine.optimizer_cost_variable=xx.
- There are 3 global OPTIMIZER_COSTS variables:
default_optimizer_costs The default costs + changes from the
command line without an engine specifier.
heap_optimizer_costs Heap table costs, used for temporary tables
tmp_table_optimizer_costs The cost for the default on disk internal
temporary table (MyISAM or Aria)
- The engine cost for a table is stored in table_share. To speed up
accesses the handler has a pointer to this. The cost is copied
to the table on first access. If one wants to change the cost one
must first update the global engine cost and then do a FLUSH TABLES.
This was done to be able to access the costs for an open table
without any locks.
- When a handlerton is created, the cost are updated the following way:
See sql/keycaches.cc for details:
- Use 'default_optimizer_costs' as a base
- Call hton->update_optimizer_costs() to override with the engines
default costs.
- Override the costs that the user has specified for the engine.
- One handler open, copy the engine cost from handlerton to TABLE_SHARE.
- Call handler::update_optimizer_costs() to allow the engine to update
cost for this particular table.
- There are two costs stored in THD. These are copied to the handler
when the table is used in a query:
- optimizer_where_cost
- optimizer_scan_setup_cost
- Simply code in best_access_path() by storing all cost result in a
structure. (Idea/Suggestion by Igor)
Before this patch, when calculating the cost of fetching and using a
row/key from the engine, we took into account the cost of finding a
row or key from the engine, but did not consistently take into account
index only accessed, clustered key or covered keys for all access
paths.
The cost of the WHERE clause (TIME_FOR_COMPARE) was not consistently
considered in best_access_path(). TIME_FOR_COMPARE was used in
calculation in other places, like greedy_search(), but was in some
cases (like scans) done an a different number of rows than was
accessed.
The cost calculation of row and index scans didn't take into account
the number of rows that where accessed, only the number of accepted
rows.
When using a filter, the cost of index_only_reads and cost of
accessing and disregarding 'filtered rows' where not taken into
account, which made filters cost less than there actually where.
To remedy the above, the following key & row fetch related costs
has been added:
- The cost of fetching and using a row is now split into different costs:
- key + Row fetch cost (as before) but multiplied with the variable
'optimizer_cache_cost' (default to 0.5). This allows the user to
tell the optimizer the likehood of finding the key and row in the
engine cache.
- ROW_COPY_COST, The cost copying a row from the engine to the
sql layer or creating a row from the join_cache to the record
buffer. Mostly affects table scan costs.
- ROW_LOOKUP_COST, the cost of fetching a row by rowid.
- KEY_COPY_COST the cost of finding the next key and copying it from
the engine to the SQL layer. This is used when we calculate the cost
index only reads. It makes index scans more expensive than before if
they cover a lot of rows. (main.index_merge_myisam)
- KEY_LOOKUP_COST, the cost of finding the first key in a range.
This replaces the old define IDX_LOOKUP_COST, but with a higher cost.
- KEY_NEXT_FIND_COST, the cost of finding the next key (and rowid).
when doing a index scan and comparing the rowid to the filter.
Before this cost was assumed to be 0.
All of the above constants/variables are now tuned to be somewhat in
proportion of executing complexity to each other. There is tuning
need for these in the future, but that can wait until the above are
made user variables as that will make tuning much easier.
To make the usage of the above easy, there are new (not virtual)
cost calclation functions in handler:
- ha_read_time(), like read_time(), but take optimizer_cache_cost into
account.
- ha_read_and_copy_time(), like ha_read_time() but take into account
ROW_COPY_TIME
- ha_read_and_compare_time(), like ha_read_and_copy_time() but take
TIME_FOR_COMPARE into account.
- ha_rnd_pos_time(). Read row with row id, taking ROW_COPY_COST
into account. This is used with filesort where we don't need
to execute the WHERE clause again.
- ha_keyread_time(), like keyread_time() but take
optimizer_cache_cost into account.
- ha_keyread_and_copy_time(), like ha_keyread_time(), but add
KEY_COPY_COST.
- ha_key_scan_time(), like key_scan_time() but take
optimizer_cache_cost nto account.
- ha_key_scan_and_compare_time(), like ha_key_scan_time(), but add
KEY_COPY_COST & TIME_FOR_COMPARE.
I also added some setup costs for doing different types of scans and
creating temporary tables (on disk and in memory). This encourages
the optimizer to not use these for simple 'a few row' lookups if
there are adequate key lookup strategies.
- TABLE_SCAN_SETUP_COST, cost of starting a table scan.
- INDEX_SCAN_SETUP_COST, cost of starting an index scan.
- HEAP_TEMPTABLE_CREATE_COST, cost of creating in memory
temporary table.
- DISK_TEMPTABLE_CREATE_COST, cost of creating an on disk temporary
table.
When calculating cost of fetching ranges, we had a cost of
IDX_LOOKUP_COST (0.125) for doing a key div for a new range. This is
now replaced with 'io_cost * KEY_LOOKUP_COST (1.0) *
optimizer_cache_cost', which matches the cost we use for 'ref' and
other key lookups. The effect is that the cost is now a bit higher
when we have many ranges for a key.
Allmost all calculation with TIME_FOR_COMPARE is now done in
best_access_path(). 'JOIN::read_time' now includes the full
cost for finding the rows in the table.
In the result files, many of the changes are now again close to what
they where before the "Update cost for hash and cached joins" commit,
as that commit didn't fix the filter cost (too complex to do
everything in one commit).
The above changes showed a lot of a lot of inconsistencies in
optimizer cost calculation. The main objective with the other changes
was to do calculation as similar (and accurate) as possible and to make
different plans more comparable.
Detailed list of changes:
- Calculate index_only_cost consistently and correctly for all scan
and ref accesses. The row fetch_cost and index_only_cost now
takes into account clustered keys, covered keys and index
only accesses.
- cost_for_index_read now returns both full cost and index_only_cost
- Fixed cost calculation of get_sweep_read_cost() to match other
similar costs. This is bases on the assumption that data is more
often stored on SSD than a hard disk.
- Replaced constant 2.0 with new define TABLE_SCAN_SETUP_COST.
- Some scan cost estimates did not take into account
TIME_FOR_COMPARE. Now all scan costs takes this into
account. (main.show_explain)
- Added session variable optimizer_cache_hit_ratio (default 50%). By
adjusting this on can reduce or increase the cost of index or direct
record lookups. The effect of the default is that key lookups is now
a bit cheaper than before. See usage of 'optimizer_cache_cost' in
handler.h.
- JOIN_TAB::scan_time() did not take into account index only scans,
which produced a wrong cost when index scan was used. Changed
JOIN_TAB:::scan_time() to take into consideration clustered and
covered keys. The values are now cached and we only have to call
this function once. Other calls are changed to use the cached
values. Function renamed to JOIN_TAB::estimate_scan_time().
- Fixed that most index cost calculations are done the same way and
more close to 'range' calculations. The cost is now lower than
before for small data sets and higher for large data sets as we take
into account how many keys are read (main.opt_trace_selectivity,
main.limit_rows_examined).
- Ensured that index_scan_cost() ==
range(scan_of_all_rows_in_table_using_one_range) +
MULTI_RANGE_READ_INFO_CONST. One effect of this is that if there
is choice of doing a full index scan and a range-index scan over
almost the whole table then index scan will be preferred (no
range-read setup cost). (innodb.innodb, main.show_explain,
main.range)
- Fixed the EQ_REF and REF takes into account clustered and covered
keys. This changes some plans to use covered or clustered indexes
as these are much cheaper. (main.subselect_mat_cost,
main.state_tables_innodb, main.limit_rows_examined)
- Rowid filter setup cost and filter compare cost now takes into
account fetching and checking the rowid (KEY_NEXT_FIND_COST).
(main.partition_pruning heap.heap_btree main.log_state)
- Added KEY_NEXT_FIND_COST to
Range_rowid_filter_cost_info::lookup_cost to account of the time
to find and check the next key value against the container
- Introduced ha_keyread_time(rows) that takes into account finding
the next row and copying the key value to 'record'
(KEY_COPY_COST).
- Introduced ha_key_scan_time() for calculating an index scan over
all rows.
- Added IDX_LOOKUP_COST to keyread_time() as a startup cost.
- Added index_only_fetch_cost() as a convenience function to
OPT_RANGE.
- keyread_time() cost is slightly reduced to prefer shorter keys.
(main.index_merge_myisam)
- All of the above caused some index_merge combinations to be
rejected because of cost (main.index_intersect). In some cases
'ref' where replaced with index_merge because of the low
cost calculation of get_sweep_read_cost().
- Some index usage moved from PRIMARY to a covering index.
(main.subselect_innodb)
- Changed cost calculation of filter to take KEY_LOOKUP_COST and
TIME_FOR_COMPARE into account. See sql_select.cc::apply_filter().
filter parameters and costs are now written to optimizer_trace.
- Don't use matchings_records_in_range() to try to estimate the number
of filtered rows for ranges. The reason is that we want to ensure
that 'range' is calculated similar to 'ref'. There is also more work
needed to calculate the selectivity when using ranges and ranges and
filtering. This causes filtering column in EXPLAIN EXTENDED to be
100.00 for some cases where range cannot use filtering.
(main.rowid_filter)
- Introduced ha_scan_time() that takes into account the CPU cost of
finding the next row and copying the row from the engine to
'record'. This causes costs of table scan to slightly increase and
some test to changed their plan from ALL to RANGE or ALL to ref.
(innodb.innodb_mysql, main.select_pkeycache)
In a few cases where scan time of very small tables have lower cost
than a ref or range, things changed from ref/range to ALL.
(main.myisam, main.func_group, main.limit_rows_examined,
main.subselect2)
- Introduced ha_scan_and_compare_time() which is like ha_scan_time()
but also adds the cost of the where clause (TIME_FOR_COMPARE).
- Added small cost for creating temporary table for
materialization. This causes some very small tables to use scan
instead of materialization.
- Added checking of the WHERE clause (TIME_FOR_COMPARE) of the
accepted rows to ROR costs in get_best_ror_intersect()
- Removed '- 0.001' from 'join->best_read' and optimize_straight_join()
to ensure that the 'Last_query_cost' status variable contains the
same value as the one that was calculated by the optimizer.
- Take avg_io_cost() into account in handler::keyread_time() and
handler::read_time(). This should have no effect as it's 1.0 by
default, except for heap that overrides these functions.
- Some 'ref_or_null' accesses changed to 'range' because of cost
adjustments (main.order_by)
- Added scan type "scan_with_join_cache" for optimizer_trace. This is
just to show in the trace what kind of scan was used.
- When using 'scan_with_join_cache' take into account number of
preceding tables (as have to restore all fields for all previous
table combination when checking the where clause)
The new cost added is:
(row_combinations * ROW_COPY_COST * number_of_cached_tables).
This increases the cost of join buffering in proportion of the
number of tables in the join buffer. One effect is that full scans
are now done earlier as the cost is then smaller.
(main.join_outer_innodb, main.greedy_optimizer)
- Removed the usage of 'worst_seeks' in cost_for_index_read as it
caused wrong plans to be created; It prefered JT_EQ_REF even if it
would be much more expensive than a full table scan. A related
issue was that worst_seeks only applied to full lookup, not to
clustered or index only lookups, which is not consistent. This
caused some plans to use index scan instead of eq_ref (main.union)
- Changed federated block size from 4096 to 1500, which is the
typical size of an IO packet.
- Added costs for reading rows to Federated. Needed as there is no
caching of rows in the federated engine.
- Added ha_innobase::rnd_pos_time() cost function.
- A lot of extra things added to optimizer trace
- More costs, especially for materialization and index_merge.
- Make lables more uniform
- Fixed a lot of minor bugs
- Added 'trace_started()' around a lot of trace blocks.
- When calculating ORDER BY with LIMIT cost for using an index
the cost did not take into account the number of row retrivals
that has to be done or the cost of comparing the rows with the
WHERE clause. The cost calculated would be just a fraction of
the real cost. Now we calculate the cost as we do for ranges
and 'ref'.
- 'Using index for group-by' is used a bit more than before as
now take into account the WHERE clause cost when comparing
with 'ref' and prefer the method with fewer row combinations.
(main.group_min_max).
Bugs fixed:
- Fixed that we don't calculate TIME_FOR_COMPARE twice for some plans,
like in optimize_straight_join() and greedy_search()
- Fixed bug in save_explain_data where we could test for the wrong
index when displaying 'Using index'. This caused some old plans to
show 'Using index'. (main.subselect_innodb, main.subselect2)
- Fixed bug in get_best_ror_intersect() where 'min_cost' was not
updated, and the cost we compared with was not the one that was
used.
- Fixed very wrong cost calculation for priority queues in
check_if_pq_applicable(). (main.order_by now correctly uses priority
queue)
- When calculating cost of EQ_REF or REF, we added the cost of
comparing the WHERE clause with the found rows, not all row
combinations. This made ref and eq_ref to be regarded way to cheap
compared to other access methods.
- FORCE INDEX cost calculation didn't take into account clustered or
covered indexes.
- JT_EQ_REF cost was estimated as avg_io_cost(), which is half the
cost of a JT_REF key. This may be true for InnoDB primary key, but
not for other unique keys or other engines. Now we use handler
function to calculate the cost, which allows us to handle
consistently clustered, covered keys and not covered keys.
- ha_start_keyread() didn't call extra_opt() if keyread was already
enabled but still changed the 'keyread' variable (which is wrong).
Fixed by not doing anything if keyread is already enabled.
- multi_range_read_info_cost() didn't take into account io_cost when
calculating the cost of ranges.
- fix_semijoin_strategies_for_picked_join_order() used the wrong
record_count when calling best_access_path() for SJ_OPT_FIRST_MATCH
and SJ_OPT_LOOSE_SCAN.
- Hash joins didn't provide correct best_cost to the upper level, which
means that the cost for hash_joins more expensive than calculated
in best_access_path (a difference of 10x * TIME_OF_COMPARE).
This is fixed in the new code thanks to that we now include
TIME_OF_COMPARE cost in 'read_time'.
Other things:
- Added some 'if (thd->trace_started())' to speed up code
- Removed not used function Cost_estimate::is_zero()
- Simplified testing of HA_POS_ERROR in get_best_ror_intersect().
(No cost changes)
- Moved ha_start_keyread() from join_read_const_table() to join_read_const()
to enable keyread for all types of JT_CONST tables.
- Made a few very short functions inline in handler.h
Notes:
- In main.rowid_filter the join order of order and lineitem is swapped.
This is because the cost of doing a range fetch of lineitem(98 rows) is
almost as big as the whole join of order,lineitem. The filtering will
also ensure that we only have to do very small key fetches of the rows
in lineitem.
- main.index_merge_myisam had a few changes where we are now using
less keys for index_merge. This is because index scans are now more
expensive than before.
- handler->optimizer_cache_cost is updated in ha_external_lock().
This ensures that it is up to date per statements.
Not an optimal solution (for locked tables), but should be ok for now.
- 'DELETE FROM t1 WHERE t1.a > 0 ORDER BY t1.a' does not take cost of
filesort into consideration when table scan is chosen.
(main.myisam_explain_non_select_all)
- perfschema.table_aggregate_global_* has changed because an update
on a table with 1 row will now use table scan instead of key lookup.
TODO in upcomming commits:
- Fix selectivity calculation for ranges with and without filtering and
when there is a ref access but scan is chosen.
For this we have to store the lowest known value for
'accepted_records' in the OPT_RANGE structure.
- Change that records_read does not include filtered rows.
- test_if_cheaper_ordering() needs to be updated to properly calculate
costs. This will fix tests like main.order_by_innodb,
main.single_delete_update
- Extend get_range_limit_read_cost() to take into considering
cost_for_index_read() if there where no quick keys. This will reduce
the computed cost for ORDER BY with LIMIT in some cases.
(main.innodb_ext_key)
- Fix that we take into account selectivity when counting the number
of rows we have to read when considering using a index table scan to
resolve ORDER BY.
- Add new calculation for rnd_pos_time() where we take into account the
benefit of reading multiple rows from the same page.
FederatedX table may refer to a table with a different name on the
remote server:
test> CREATE TABLE t2 (...) ENGINE="FEDERATEDX"
CONNECTION="mysql://user:pass@192.168.1.111:9308/federatedx/t1";
test> select * from t2 where ...;
This could cause an issue with federated_pushdown=1, because FederatedX
pushes the query (or derived table's) text to the remote server. The remote
server will try to read from table t2 (while it should read from t1).
Solution: do not allow pushing down queries with tables that have different
db_name.table name on the local and remote server.
This patch also fixes:
MDEV-29863 Server crashes in federatedx_txn::acquire after select from the
FederatedX table with partitions
Solution: disallow pushdown when partitioned FederatedX tables are used.
Federated and Federatex cannot be used with ROR scans
Federated::position() and Federatex::position() is storing in 'ref' a
pointer into a local result set buffer. This means that one cannot
compare 'ref' from different handler instances to see if they point to the
same physical record.
This bug caused federated.federatedx to return wrong results when the
optimizer tried to use index_merge to resolve some queries.
Fixed by introducing table flag HA_NON_COMPARABLE_ROWID and using this
with the above handlers.
Todo:
- Fix multi_delete(), multi_update and read_records() to use primary key
instead of 'ref' if case HA_NON_COMPARABLE_ROWID is set. The current
code only works if we have only one range (like table scan) for the
tables that will be updated in the second pass.
- Enable DBUG_ASSERT() in ha_federated::cmp_ref() and
ha_federatedx::cmp_ref().
Changes:
- To detect automatic strlen() I removed the methods in String that
uses 'const char *' without a length:
- String::append(const char*)
- Binary_string(const char *str)
- String(const char *str, CHARSET_INFO *cs)
- append_for_single_quote(const char *)
All usage of append(const char*) is changed to either use
String::append(char), String::append(const char*, size_t length) or
String::append(LEX_CSTRING)
- Added STRING_WITH_LEN() around constant string arguments to
String::append()
- Added overflow argument to escape_string_for_mysql() and
escape_quotes_for_mysql() instead of returning (size_t) -1 on overflow.
This was needed as most usage of the above functions never tested the
result for -1 and would have given wrong results or crashes in case
of overflows.
- Added Item_func_or_sum::func_name_cstring(), which returns LEX_CSTRING.
Changed all Item_func::func_name()'s to func_name_cstring()'s.
The old Item_func_or_sum::func_name() is now an inline function that
returns func_name_cstring().str.
- Changed Item::mode_name() and Item::func_name_ext() to return
LEX_CSTRING.
- Changed for some functions the name argument from const char * to
to const LEX_CSTRING &:
- Item::Item_func_fix_attributes()
- Item::check_type_...()
- Type_std_attributes::agg_item_collations()
- Type_std_attributes::agg_item_set_converter()
- Type_std_attributes::agg_arg_charsets...()
- Type_handler_hybrid_field_type::aggregate_for_result()
- Type_handler_geometry::check_type_geom_or_binary()
- Type_handler::Item_func_or_sum_illegal_param()
- Predicant_to_list_comparator::add_value_skip_null()
- Predicant_to_list_comparator::add_value()
- cmp_item_row::prepare_comparators()
- cmp_item_row::aggregate_row_elements_for_comparison()
- Cursor_ref::print_func()
- Removes String_space() as it was only used in one cases and that
could be simplified to not use String_space(), thanks to the fixed
my_vsnprintf().
- Added some const LEX_CSTRING's for common strings:
- NULL_clex_str, DATA_clex_str, INDEX_clex_str.
- Changed primary_key_name to a LEX_CSTRING
- Renamed String::set_quick() to String::set_buffer_if_not_allocated() to
clarify what the function really does.
- Rename of protocol function:
bool store(const char *from, CHARSET_INFO *cs) to
bool store_string_or_null(const char *from, CHARSET_INFO *cs).
This was done to both clarify the difference between this 'store' function
and also to make it easier to find unoptimal usage of store() calls.
- Added Protocol::store(const LEX_CSTRING*, CHARSET_INFO*)
- Changed some 'const char*' arrays to instead be of type LEX_CSTRING.
- class Item_func_units now used LEX_CSTRING for name.
Other things:
- Fixed a bug in mysql.cc:construct_prompt() where a wrong escape character
in the prompt would cause some part of the prompt to be duplicated.
- Fixed a lot of instances where the length of the argument to
append is known or easily obtain but was not used.
- Removed some not needed 'virtual' definition for functions that was
inherited from the parent. I added override to these.
- Fixed Ordered_key::print() to preallocate needed buffer. Old code could
case memory overruns.
- Simplified some loops when adding char * to a String with delimiters.
Cause: shared federatedx_io cannot store table-specific data.
Fix: move current row reference `federatedx_io_mysql::current` to
ha_federatedx.
FederatedX connection (represented by federatedx_io) is stored into
federatedx_txn::txn_list of per-server connections (see
federatedx_txn::acquire()). federatedx_txn object is stored into THD
(see ha_federatedx::external_lock()). When multiple handlers acquire
FederatedX connection they get single federatedx_io instance. Multiple
handlers do their operation via federatedx_io_mysql::mark_position()
and federatedx_io_mysql::fetch_row() in arbitrarty manner. They access
the same federatedx_io_mysql instance and same MYSQL_ROWS *current
pointer, so one handler disrupts the work of the other.
Related to "MDEV-14551 Can't find record in table on multi-table update
with ORDER BY".
Final added to:
- All reasonable classes inhereted from Field
- All classes inhereted from Protocol
- Almost all Handler classes
- Some important Item classes
The stripped size of mariadbd is just 4K smaller, but several object files
showed notable improvements in common execution paths.
- Checked field.o and item_sum.o
Other things:
- Added 'override' to a few class functions touched by this patch.
- Removed 'virtual' from a new class functions that had/got 'override'
- Changed Protocol_discard to inherit from Protocol instad of Protocol_text
The used code is largely based on code from Tencent
The problem is that in some rare cases there may be a conflict between .frm
files and the files in the storage engine. In this case the DROP TABLE
was not able to properly drop the table.
Some MariaDB/MySQL forks has solved this by adding a FORCE option to
DROP TABLE. After some discussion among MariaDB developers, we concluded
that users expects that DROP TABLE should always work, even if the
table would not be consistent. There should not be a need to use a
separate keyword to ensure that the table is really deleted.
The used solution is:
- If a .frm table doesn't exists, try dropping the table from all storage
engines.
- If the .frm table exists but the table does not exist in the engine
try dropping the table from all storage engines.
- Update storage engines using many table files (.CVS, MyISAM, Aria) to
succeed with the drop even if some of the files are missing.
- Add HTON_AUTOMATIC_DELETE_TABLE to handlerton's where delete_table()
is not needed and always succeed. This is used by ha_delete_table_force()
to know which handlers to ignore when trying to drop a table without
a .frm file.
The disadvantage of this solution is that a DROP TABLE on a non existing
table will be a bit slower as we have to ask all active storage engines
if they know anything about the table.
Other things:
- Added a new flag MY_IGNORE_ENOENT to my_delete() to not give an error
if the file doesn't exist. This simplifies some of the code.
- Don't clear thd->error in ha_delete_table() if there was an active
error. This is a bug fix.
- handler::delete_table() will not abort if first file doesn't exists.
This is bug fix to handle the case when a drop table was aborted in
the middle.
- Cleaned up mysql_rm_table_no_locks() to ensure that if_exists uses
same code path as when it's not used.
- Use non_existing_Table_error() to detect if table didn't exists.
Old code used different errors tests in different position.
- Table_triggers_list::drop_all_triggers() now drops trigger file if
it can't be parsed instead of leaving it hanging around (bug fix)
- InnoDB doesn't anymore print error about .frm file out of sync with
InnoDB directory if .frm file does not exists. This change was required
to be able to try to drop an InnoDB file when .frm doesn't exists.
- Fixed bug in mi_delete_table() where the .MYD file would not be dropped
if the .MYI file didn't exists.
- Fixed memory leak in Mroonga when deleting non existing table
- Fixed memory leak in Connect when deleting non existing table
Bugs fixed introduced by the original version of this commit:
MDEV-22826 Presence of Spider prevents tables from being force-deleted from
other engines
Prototype change:
- virtual ha_rows records_in_range(uint inx, key_range *min_key,
- key_range *max_key)
+ virtual ha_rows records_in_range(uint inx, const key_range *min_key,
+ const key_range *max_key,
+ page_range *res)
The handler can ignore the page_range parameter. In the case the handler
updates the parameter, the optimizer can deduce the following:
- If previous range's last key is on the same block as next range's first
key
- If the current key range is in one block
- We can also assume that the first and last block read are cached!
This can be used for a better calculation of IO seeks when we
estimate the cost of a range index scan.
The parameter is fully implemented for MyISAM, Aria and InnoDB.
A separate patch will update handler::multi_range_read_info_const() to
take the benefits of this change and also remove the double
records_in_range() calls that are not anymore needed.
MDEV-19486 and one more similar bug appeared because handler::write_row() interface
welcomes to modify buffer by storage engine. But callers are not ready for that
thus bugs are possible in future.
handler::write_row():
handler::ha_write_row(): make argument const
MDEV-17631 select_handler for a full query pushdown
Interfaces + Proof of Concept for federatedx with test cases.
The interfaces have been developed for integration of ColumnStore engine.
Part of MDEV-5336 Implement LOCK FOR BACKUP
- Added new locks to MDL_BACKUP for all stages of backup locks and
a new MDL lock needed for backup stages.
- Renamed MDL_BACKUP_STMT to MDL_BACKUP_DDL
- flush_tables() takes a new parameter that decides what should be flushed.
- InnoDB, Aria (transactional tables with checksums), Blackhole, Federated
and Federatedx tables are marked to be safe for online backup. We are
using MDL_BACKUP_TRANS_DML instead of MDL_BACKUP_DML locks for these
which allows any DML's to proceed for these tables during the whole
backup process until BACKUP STAGE COMMIT which will block the final
commit.
no matching operator delete found; memory will not be freed if initialization throws an exception
Added a no-op delete() for MEM_ROOT based placement-new()
Handle string length as size_t, consistently (almost always:))
Change function prototypes to accept size_t, where in the past
ulong or uint were used. change local/member variables to size_t
when appropriate.
This fix excludes rocksdb, spider,spider, sphinx and connect for now.
TRASH was mapped to TRASH_FREE and was supposed to be used for memory
that should not be accessed anymore, while TRASH_ALLOC() is to be
used for uninitialized but to-be-used memory.
But sometimes TRASH() was used in the latter sense.
Remove TRASH() macro, always use explicit TRASH_ALLOC() or TRASH_FREE().
NET can only store current_thd if this NET (or its MYSQL) is not
moved between threads. In FederatedX MYSQL is part of the TABLE,
and a TABLE can migrate between threads.
Fix: associate NET with THD in txn->acquire() , and dissociate
in txn->release()
