MDEV-27900: aio handle partial reads/writes

As btrfs showed, a partial read of data in AIO /O_DIRECT circumstances can
really confuse MariaDB.

Filipe Manana (SuSE)[1] showed how database programmers can assume
O_DIRECT is all or nothing.

While a fix was done in the kernel side, we can do better in our code by
requesting that the rest of the block be read/written synchronously if
we do only get a partial read/write.

Per the APIs, a partial read/write can occur before an error, so
reattempting the request will leave the caller with a concrete error to
handle.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/CABVffENfbsC6HjGbskRZGR2NvxbnQi17gAuW65eOM+QRzsr8Bg@mail.gmail.com/T/#mb2738e675e48e0e0778a2e8d1537dec5ec0d3d3a

Also spell synchronously correctly in other files.

storage/innobase/buf/buf0rea.cc

@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ nothing_read:
 		/* Trx sys header is so low in the latching order that we play
 		safe and do not leave the i/o-completion to an asynchronous
 		i/o-thread. Change buffer pages must always be read with
-		syncronous i/o, to make sure they do not get involved in
+		synchronous i/o, to make sure they do not get involved in
 		thread deadlocks. */
 		sync = true;
 	}

storage/innobase/os/os0file.cc

@@ -2807,7 +2807,7 @@ os_file_set_eof(
 
 #endif /* !_WIN32*/
 
-/** Does a syncronous read or write depending upon the type specified
+/** Does a synchronous read or write depending upon the type specified
 In case of partial reads/writes the function tries
 NUM_RETRIES_ON_PARTIAL_IO times to read/write the complete data.
 @param[in]	type,		IO flags

tpool/aio_linux.cc

@@ -131,6 +131,8 @@ class aio_linux final : public aio
           {
             iocb->m_ret_len= event.res;
             iocb->m_err= 0;
+            if (iocb->m_ret_len != iocb->m_len)
+              finish_synchronous(iocb);
           }
           iocb->m_internal_task.m_func= iocb->m_callback;
           iocb->m_internal_task.m_arg= iocb;

tpool/aio_simulated.cc

@@ -136,32 +136,7 @@ public:
   static void simulated_aio_callback(void *param)
   {
     aiocb *cb= (aiocb *) param;
-#ifdef _WIN32
-    size_t ret_len;
-#else
-    ssize_t ret_len;
-#endif
-    int err= 0;
-    switch (cb->m_opcode)
-    {
-    case aio_opcode::AIO_PREAD:
-      ret_len= pread(cb->m_fh, cb->m_buffer, cb->m_len, cb->m_offset);
-      break;
-    case aio_opcode::AIO_PWRITE:
-      ret_len= pwrite(cb->m_fh, cb->m_buffer, cb->m_len, cb->m_offset);
-      break;
-    default:
-      abort();
-    }
-#ifdef _WIN32
-    if (static_cast<int>(ret_len) < 0)
-      err= GetLastError();
-#else
-    if (ret_len < 0)
-      err= errno;
-#endif
-    cb->m_ret_len = ret_len;
-    cb->m_err = err;
+    synchronous(cb);
     cb->m_internal_task.m_func= cb->m_callback;
     thread_pool *pool= (thread_pool *)cb->m_internal;
     pool->submit_task(&cb->m_internal_task);

tpool/tpool.h

@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ class aio
 {
 public:
   /**
-    Submit asyncronous IO.
+    Submit asynchronous IO.
     On completion, cb->m_callback is executed.
   */
   virtual int submit_io(aiocb *cb)= 0;
@@ -165,6 +165,10 @@ public:
   /** "Unind" file to AIO handler (used on Windows only) */
   virtual int unbind(const native_file_handle &fd)= 0;
   virtual ~aio(){};
+protected:
+  static void synchronous(aiocb *cb);
+  /** finish a partial read/write callback synchronously */
+  static void finish_synchronous(aiocb *cb);
 };
 
 class timer

tpool/tpool_generic.cc

@@ -47,6 +47,58 @@ namespace tpool
   static const std::chrono::milliseconds LONG_TASK_DURATION = std::chrono::milliseconds(500);
   static const int  OVERSUBSCRIBE_FACTOR = 2;
 
+/**
+  Process the cb synchronously
+*/
+void aio::synchronous(aiocb *cb)
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  size_t ret_len;
+#else
+  ssize_t ret_len;
+#endif
+  int err= 0;
+  switch (cb->m_opcode)
+  {
+  case aio_opcode::AIO_PREAD:
+    ret_len= pread(cb->m_fh, cb->m_buffer, cb->m_len, cb->m_offset);
+    break;
+  case aio_opcode::AIO_PWRITE:
+    ret_len= pwrite(cb->m_fh, cb->m_buffer, cb->m_len, cb->m_offset);
+    break;
+  default:
+    abort();
+  }
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  if (static_cast<int>(ret_len) < 0)
+    err= GetLastError();
+#else
+  if (ret_len < 0)
+  {
+    err= errno;
+    ret_len= 0;
+  }
+#endif
+  cb->m_ret_len = ret_len;
+  cb->m_err = err;
+  if (!err && cb->m_ret_len != cb->m_len)
+    finish_synchronous(cb);
+}
+
+
+/**
+  A partial read/write has occured, continue synchronously.
+*/
+void aio::finish_synchronous(aiocb *cb)
+{
+  assert(cb->m_ret_len != (unsigned int) cb->m_len && !cb->m_err);
+  /* partial read/write */
+  cb->m_buffer= (char *) cb->m_buffer + cb->m_ret_len;
+  cb->m_len-= (unsigned int) cb->m_ret_len;
+  cb->m_offset+= cb->m_ret_len;
+  synchronous(cb);
+}
+
 /**
   Implementation of generic threadpool.
   This threadpool consists of the following components