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Docs/manual.texi
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
@c Copyright 1997-2001 TcX AB, Detron HB and MySQL Finland AB
@c
@c *********************************************************
@c Note that @node names are used on our Website.
@c Note that @node names are used on our website.
@c So do not change node names without checking
@c Makefile.am and SitePages first.
@c *********************************************************
@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ distribution for that version.
* Environment variables:: MySQL environment variables
* Regexp:: Description of MySQL regular expression syntax
* GPL license:: GNU General Public License
* LGPL license:: GNU Library General Public License
* LGPL license:: GNU Lesser General Public License
* Function Index:: SQL command, type and function index
* Concept Index:: Concept Index
@end menu
@ -134,17 +134,21 @@ distribution for that version.
@cindex overview
@cindex general information
MySQL is a very fast, multi-threaded, multi-user, and robust SQL
(Structured Query Language) database server.
@code{MySQL (TM)} is a very fast, multi-threaded, multi-user, and robust
@code{SQL} (@code{Structured Query Language}) database server.
MySQL is intended for mission-critical, heavy load production systems
as well as for embedding into mass-deployed software.
@code{MySQL} is a trademark of @code{MySQL AB}.
You can use MySQL free of charge under the
@strong{GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE} @uref{http://www.gnu.org/licenses/}.
You can also purchase commercial MySQL licenses from MySQL AB if you
do not wish to be bound by the terms of the GPL.
MySQL has @code{Dual licensing}, you can use MySQL free of charge
under the @code{GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE}
(@uref{http://www.gnu.org/licenses/}).
You can also purchase commercial MySQL licenses from @code{MySQL AB}
if you do not wish to be bound by the terms of the GPL.
@xref{Licensing and Support}.
@uref{http://www.mysql.com/, The MySQL website}
provides the latest information about MySQL.
The MySQL website (@uref{http://www.mysql.com/}) provides the latest
information about MySQL.
The following list describes some useful sections of the manual:
@ -401,7 +405,7 @@ and provided by @code{MySQL AB}. MySQL AB is a commercial company
that builds its business providing services around the MySQL database.
@xref{What is MySQL AB}.
@uref{http://www.mysql.com/, The MySQL website}
The MySQL website (@uref{http://www.mysql.com/})
provides the latest information about MySQL and MySQL AB.
@table @asis
@ -976,7 +980,7 @@ Are a virtual company, networking with others.
Work against software patents.
@end itemize
@uref{http://www.mysql.com/, The MySQL website}
The MySQL website (@uref{http://www.mysql.com/})
provides the latest information about MySQL and MySQL AB.
@ -1133,7 +1137,7 @@ founders have built over the years.
@node Business Services Advertising, , Business Services Partnering, MySQL AB business model and services
@subsubsection Advertising
The MySQL website (@uref{http://www.mysql.com/}) immensely popular among
The MySQL website (@uref{http://www.mysql.com/}) is immensely popular among
developers and users. In October 2001, we served 10 million page views.
Our visitors represent a group that makes purchase decisions and
recommendations for both software and hardware. Twelve per cent of our
@ -1142,8 +1146,9 @@ involved in purchase decisions at all. More than 65% have made one or
more online business purchase within the last half-year, and 70% plan
to make one in the next months.
If you are interested in placing banner ads on our website, please send
an email to @email{advertising@@mysql.com}.
If you are interested in placing banner ads on our website
@uref{http://www.mysql.com/}, please send an email to
@email{advertising@@mysql.com}.
@node Contact information, , MySQL AB business model and services, What is MySQL AB
@ -1156,7 +1161,7 @@ an email to @email{advertising@@mysql.com}.
@cindex employment with MySQL
@cindex jobs at MySQL
@uref{http://www.mysql.com/, The MySQL website}
The MySQL website (@uref{http://www.mysql.com/})
provides the latest information about MySQL and MySQL AB.
For press service and inquiries not covered in our News releases
@ -1192,7 +1197,8 @@ Commercial licenses may be purchased online at
@uref{https://order.mysql.com/}. There you will also find information
on how to fax your purchase order to MySQL AB. If you have questions
regarding licensing or you want a quote for a high-volume license
deal, please fill in the contact form on our website or send an email
deal, please fill in the contact form on our website
(@uref{http://www.mysql.com/}) or send an email
to @email{licensing@@mysql.com} (for licensing questions) or to
@email{sales@@mysql.com} (for sales inquiries).
@xref{MySQL server licenses}.
@ -1228,10 +1234,15 @@ security bug in MySQL, you should send an e-mail to
@email{security@@mysql.com}.
@xref{Bug reports}.
If you have benchmark results that we can publish, please
contact us at @email{benchmarks@@mysql.com}.
@xref{Comparisons}.
If you have any suggestions concerning additions or corrections to this
manual, please send them to the manual team at @email{docs@@mysql.com}.
For questions or comments about the workings or content of the Website,
For questions or comments about the workings or content of the
MySQL website (@uref{http://www.mysql.com/}),
please send e-mail to @email{webmaster@@mysql.com}.
MySQL AB has a privacy policy, which can be read at
@ -1251,17 +1262,57 @@ For all other inquires, please send e-mail to @email{info@@mysql.com}.
This section describes MySQL support and licensing arrangements:
@menu
* Copyright:: Copyrights used by MySQL
* Support::
* MySQL server licenses::
* MySQL AB Logos and Trademarks::
* Support:: Support Offered by MySQL AB
* Copyright:: Copyrights and Licenses Used by MySQL
* MySQL server licenses:: MySQL Server Licenses
* MySQL AB Logos and Trademarks:: MySQL AB Logos and Trademarks
@end menu
@node Copyright, Support, Licensing and Support, Licensing and Support
@subsection Copyrights Used by MySQL
@node Support, Copyright, Licensing and Support, Licensing and Support
@subsection Support Offered by MySQL AB
@cindex support, types
@cindex types, of support
@cindex commercial support, types
@cindex costs, support
@cindex licensing costs
@cindex support costs
@cindex prices, support
Technical support from MySQL AB means individualised answers to your
unique problems direct from the software engineers who code the MySQL
database engine.
We try to take a broad and inclusive view of technical support. Almost
any problem involving MySQL is important to us if it's important to you.
Typically customers seek help on how to get different commands and
utilities to work, remove performance bottlenecks, restore crashed
systems, understand operating system or networking impacts on MySQL,
set-up best practices for backup and recovery, utilise APIs, etc.
Our support covers only the MySQL server and our own utilities, not
third-party products that access MySQL, though we try to help with
these where we can.
Detailed information about our various support options is given at
@uref{https://order.mysql.com/} where support contracts can also be
ordered online. If you have restricted access to the Internet, contact
our sales staff at @email{sales@@mysql.com}.
Technical support is like life insurance. You can live happily
without it for years, but when your hour arrives it becomes
critically important, yet it's too late to buy it!
If you use MySQL for important applications and encounter sudden
troubles, it might take too long to figure out all the answers
yourself. You may need immediate access to the most experienced
MySQL troubleshooters available, those employed by MySQL AB.
@node Copyright, MySQL server licenses, Support, Licensing and Support
@subsection Copyrights and Licenses Used by MySQL
@cindex copyrights
@cindex licenses
@code{MySQL AB} owns the copyright to the MySQL source code,
the MySQL logo and trademark and this manual.
@ -1278,7 +1329,7 @@ at the beginning which license it is under.
@item
The client library, and the GNU @code{getopt} library, are covered
by the ``GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE.'' @xref{LGPL license}.
by the ``GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE.'' @xref{LGPL license}.
The aim of this is to make it possible to add MySQL support (client
side, i.e. the ability to connect to a MySQL server) into commercial
products without a license.
@ -1299,51 +1350,12 @@ Older versions of MySQL (3.22 and earlier) are subject to a more
See the documentation of the specific version for information.
@end enumerate
For information about how the MySQL licenses work in practise,
For information about how the MySQL licenses work in practice,
please refer to @ref{MySQL server licenses}.
Also see @ref{MySQL AB Logos and Trademarks}.
@node Support, MySQL server licenses, Copyright, Licensing and Support
@subsection Support offered by MySQL AB
@cindex support, types
@cindex types, of support
@cindex commercial support, types
@cindex costs, support
@cindex licensing costs
@cindex support costs
@cindex prices, support
Technical support from MySQL AB means individualised answers to your
unique problems direct from the software engineers who code the MySQL
database engine.
We try to take a broad and inclusive view of technical support. Almost
any problem involving MySQL is important to us if it's important to you.
Typically customers seek help on how to get different commands and
utilities to work, remove performance bottlenecks, restore crashed
systems, understand operating system or networking impacts on MySQL,
set-up best practises for backup and recovery, utilise APIs, etc.
Our support covers only the MySQL server and our own utilities, not
third-party products that access MySQL, though we try to help with
these where we can.
Detailed information about our various support options is given at
@uref{https://order.mysql.com/} where support contracts can also be
ordered online. If you have restricted access to the Internet, contact
our sales staff at @email{sales@@mysql.com}.
Technical support is like life insurance. You can live happily
without it for years, but when your hour arrives it becomes
critically important, yet it's too late to buy it!
If you use MySQL for important applications and encounter sudden
troubles, it might take too long to figure out all the answers
yourself. You may need immediate access to the most experienced
MySQL troubleshooters available, those employed by MySQL AB.
@node MySQL server licenses, MySQL AB Logos and Trademarks, Support, Licensing and Support
@node MySQL server licenses, MySQL AB Logos and Trademarks, Copyright, Licensing and Support
@subsection MySQL Server Licenses
@cindex licensing policy
@ -1360,8 +1372,8 @@ of the GPL license can be found at @uref{http://www.gnu.org/licenses/}.
See also @uref{http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html}.
Since the MySQL server is released under the GPL, it may often be used
for free, but for certain uses you need to buy commercial licenses from
MySQL AB at @uref{http://www.mysql.com/}.
for free, but for certain uses you may want or need to buy commercial
licenses from MySQL AB at @uref{https://order.mysql.com/}.
Older versions of MySQL (3.22 and earlier) are subject to a more
@uref{http://www.mysql.com/support/arrangements/mypl.html, strict license}.
@ -1448,7 +1460,7 @@ When using the MySQL server internally in your company.
@item
When include the MySQL client code in a commercial program.
The client part of MySQL is licensed under the LGPL
@code{GNU Library General Public License}. The formal terms of the
@code{GNU Lesser General Public License}. The formal terms of the
LGPL license can be found at @uref{http://www.gnu.org/licenses/}.
However, the @code{mysql} command-line client does include code
@ -1564,7 +1576,7 @@ use the MySQL AB trademark.
@item
If you use the trademark on a website, make it clickable, leading directly
to @uref{http://www.mysql.com/}
to @uref{http://www.mysql.com/}.
@item
If you are using the MySQL database under GPL in an application, your
@ -1876,7 +1888,7 @@ address replaced by a @samp{=}. For example, to subscribe
Mail to @email{mysql-subscribe@@lists.mysql.com} or
@email{mysql-unsubscribe@@lists.mysql.com} is handled automatically by the
ezmlm mailing list processor. Information about ezmlm is available at
@uref{http://www.ezmlm.org, The ezmlm Website}.
@uref{http://www.ezmlm.org, The ezmlm website}.
To post a message to the list itself, send your message to
@code{mysql@@lists.mysql.com}. However, please @emph{do not} send mail about
@ -2482,7 +2494,7 @@ can be retrieved via the Web.
Sams' @emph{Teach Yourself MySQL in 21 Days} is a practical, step-by-step
tutorial. The reader will learn to design and employ this open source
database technology into his or her Website using practical, hands-on
database technology into his or her website using practical, hands-on
examples to follow.
@*
@ -2782,6 +2794,16 @@ PHP/MySQL Tutorial.
Hands on tutorial for MySQL.
@end table
@subheading MySQL Discussion Forums
@table @asis
@item @uref{http://www.weberdev.com/}
Examples using MySQL; (check Top 20)
@item @uref{http://futurerealm.com/forum/futureforum.htm}
FutureForum Web Discussion Software.
@end table
@subheading Porting MySQL/Using MySQL on Different Systems
@table @asis
@ -2815,16 +2837,6 @@ MySQL for Amiga
Perl DBI with MySQL FAQ.
@end table
@subheading MySQL Discussion Forums
@table @asis
@item @uref{http://www.weberdev.com/}
Examples using MySQL; (check Top 20)
@item @uref{http://futurerealm.com/forum/futureforum.htm}
FutureForum Web Discussion Software.
@end table
@c FIX We should get longer descriptions for things in this category!
@subheading Commercial Applications that Support MySQL
@ -4403,16 +4415,20 @@ For platform-specific bugs, see the sections about compiling and porting.
* Compare PostgreSQL:: How MySQL compares with PostgreSQL
@end menu
This section compares MySQL to other databases.
Our users have successfully run their own benchmarks against a number
of @code{Open Source} and traditional database servers. We are aware of
tests against @code{Oracle}, @code{DB/2}, @code{Microsoft SQL Server}
and other commercial products. Due to legal reasons we are restricted
from publishing some of those benchmarks in our reference manual.
This section has been written by the MySQL developers, so it
should be read with that in mind. There are no factual errors contained
in this section that we know of. If you find something which you believe
to be an error, please contact us about it at @email{docs@@mysql.com}.
This section includes a comparison with @code{mSQL} for historical
reasons and with @code{PostgreSQL} as it is also an Open Source
database. If you have benchmark results that we can publish, please
contact us at @email{benchmarks@@mysql.com}.
@c FIX this is bad lingo: "supported limits", etc.
For a list of all supported limits, functions, and types, see the
@code{crash-me} Web page at
For comparative lists of all supported functions and types as well
as measured operational limits of many different database systems,
see the @code{crash-me} web page at
@uref{http://www.mysql.com/information/crash-me.php}.
@ -5527,13 +5543,19 @@ this without sacrifying the speed or compromise the code.
@subsection Things That Should be in 4.0
We have now shifted development to MySQL Version 4.0. Most of the basic
things we want to have in 4.0 is already done. The target is to quickly
things we want to have in 4.0 are already done. The target is to quickly
implement the rest of the following features and then shift development
to MySQL 4.1. @xref{MySQL 4.0 In A Nutshell}.
The news section for 4.0 includes a list of the features we have already
implemented in the 4.0 tree. @xref{News-4.0.x}.
This section lists features not yet implemented in the current
version of MySQL 4.0, which will however be implemented in
later versions of MySQL 4.0. This being very volatile information,
please consider this list valid only if you are reading it from
the MySQL website (@uref{http://www.mysql.com/}).
@itemize @bullet
@item
Allow users to change startup options without taking down the server.
@ -6345,7 +6367,7 @@ see @ref{Windows}.
@cindex mirror sites
@cindex URLS for downloading MySQL
Check the @uref{http://www.mysql.com/, MySQL home page} for
Check the MySQL homepage (@uref{http://www.mysql.com/}) for
information about the current version and for downloading instructions.
Our main download mirror is located at:
@ -8201,8 +8223,8 @@ running. @xref{Multiple servers}.
@cindex applying, patches
Sometimes patches appear on the mailing list or are placed in the
@uref{http://www.mysql.com/Downloads/Patches, patches area} of the
MySQL website.
patches area of the MySQL website
(@uref{http://www.mysql.com/Downloads/Patches}).
To apply a patch from the mailing list, save the message in which the patch
appears in a file, change into the top-level directory of your MySQL
@ -8382,7 +8404,7 @@ CFLAGS="-O3 -mpentiumpro" CXX=gcc CXXFLAGS="-O3 -mpentiumpro -felide-constructor
@end example
The binaries we provide on the MySQL website at
@uref{http://www.mysql.com} are all compiled with full optimisation and
@uref{http://www.mysql.com/} are all compiled with full optimisation and
should be perfect for most users. @xref{MySQL binaries}. There are some
things you can tweak to make an even faster binary, but this is only for
advanced users. @xref{Compile and link options}.
@ -18298,9 +18320,8 @@ mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
You can also use @code{xmysqladmin}, @code{mysql_webadmin}, and even
@code{xmysql} to insert, change, and update values in the grant tables.
You can find these utilities in the
@uref{http://www.mysql.com/Downloads/Contrib/,Contrib directory of the MySQL
Website}.
You can find these utilities in the Contrib directory of the
MySQL website (@uref{http://www.mysql.com/Downloads/Contrib/}).
@node Passwords, Password security, Adding users, User Account Management
@ -37477,7 +37498,7 @@ MySQL and MySQL -Max differ only in the server executable.
To compile MySQL with InnoDB support,
download MySQL-3.23.34a or newer version from
@uref{http://www.mysql.com}
@uref{http://www.mysql.com/}
and configure MySQL with the
@code{--with-innodb} option. See the
MySQL manual
@ -39064,8 +39085,8 @@ the maximum size for a table. The minimum tablespace size is 10 MB.
@subsection InnoDB Contact Information
Contact information of Innobase Oy, producer of the InnoDB engine.
Website: @uref{http://www.innodb.com}. Email:
@email{Heikki.Tuuri@@innodb.com}
Website: @uref{http://www.innodb.com/}.
Email: @email{Heikki.Tuuri@@innodb.com}
@example
phone: 358-9-6969 3250 (office) 358-40-5617367 (mobile)
@ -39412,8 +39433,8 @@ create dynamic Web pages. It contains support for accessing several
databases, including MySQL. PHP may be run as a separate program
or compiled as a module for use with the Apache Web server.
The distribution and documentation are available at the
@uref{http://www.php.net/, PHP website}.
The distribution and documentation are available at the PHP website
(@uref{http://www.php.net/}).
@menu
* PHP problems:: Common problems with MySQL and PHP
@ -43695,11 +43716,11 @@ have your own alarm that can break a long read to a server. If you
install interrupt handlers for the @code{SIGPIPE} interrupt,
the socket handling should be thread safe.
In the older binaries we distribute on our website, the client
libraries are not normally compiled with the thread-safe option (the
Windows binaries are by default compiled to be thread safe).
Newer binary distributions should have both a normal and a
thread-safe client library.
In the older binaries we distribute on our website
(@uref{http://www.mysql.com/}), the client libraries are not normally
compiled with the thread-safe option (the Windows binaries are by
default compiled to be thread safe). Newer binary distributions should
have both a normal and a thread-safe client library.
To get a threaded client where you can interrupt the client from other
threads and set timeouts when talking with the MySQL server, you should
@ -54517,7 +54538,8 @@ This appendix will help you port MySQL to other operationg systems.
Do check the list of currently supported operating systems first.
@xref{Which OS}.
If you have created a new port of MySQL, please let us know so that
we can list it here and on our website, recommending it to other users.
we can list it here and on our website (@uref{http://www.mysql.com/}),
recommending it to other users.
Note: If you create a new port of MySQL, you are free to copy and
distribute it under the GPL license, but it does not make you a