MDEV-23842 Atomic RENAME TABLE

- Major rewrite of ddl_log.cc and ddl_log.h
  - ddl_log.cc described in the beginning how the recovery works.
  - ddl_log.log has unique signature and is dynamic. It's easy to
    add more information to the header and other ddl blocks while still
    being able to execute old ddl entries.
  - IO_SIZE for ddl blocks is now dynamic. Can be changed without affecting
    recovery of old logs.
  - Code is more modular and is now usable outside of partition handling.
  - Renamed log file to dll_recovery.log and added option --log-ddl-recovery
    to allow one to specify the path & filename.
- Added ddl_log_entry_phase[], number of phases for each DDL action,
  which allowed me to greatly simply set_global_from_ddl_log_entry()
- Changed how strings are stored in log entries, which allows us to
  store much more information in a log entry.
- ddl log is now always created at start and deleted on normal shutdown.
  This simplices things notable.
- Added probes debug_crash_here() and debug_simulate_error() to simply
  crash testing and allow crash after a given number of times a probe
  is executed. See comments in debug_sync.cc and rename_table.test for
  how this can be used.
- Reverting failed table and view renames is done trough the ddl log.
  This ensures that the ddl log is tested also outside of recovery.
- Added helper function 'handler::needs_lower_case_filenames()'
- Extend binary log with Q_XID events. ddl log handling is using this
  to check if a ddl log entry was logged to the binary log (if yes,
  it will be deleted from the log during ddl_log_close_binlogged_events()
- If a DDL entry fails 3 time, disable it. This is to ensure that if
  we have a crash in ddl recovery code the server will not get stuck
  in a forever crash-restart-crash loop.

mysqltest.cc changes:
- --die will now replace $variables with their values
- $error will contain the error of the last failed statement

storage engine changes:
- maria_rename() was changed to be more robust against crashes during
  rename.

sql/sql_partition_admin.cc

@@ -355,13 +355,14 @@ static bool exchange_name_with_ddl_log(THD *thd,
     DBUG_RETURN(TRUE);
 
   /* prepare the action entry */
+  bzero(&exchange_entry, sizeof(exchange_entry));
   exchange_entry.entry_type=   DDL_LOG_ENTRY_CODE;
   exchange_entry.action_type=  DDL_LOG_EXCHANGE_ACTION;
-  exchange_entry.next_entry=   0;
-  exchange_entry.name=         name;
-  exchange_entry.from_name=    from_name;
-  exchange_entry.tmp_name=     tmp_name;
-  exchange_entry.handler_name= ha_resolve_storage_engine_name(ht);
+  lex_string_set(&exchange_entry.name,         name);
+  lex_string_set(&exchange_entry.from_name,    from_name);
+  lex_string_set(&exchange_entry.tmp_name,     tmp_name);
+  lex_string_set(&exchange_entry.handler_name,
+                 ha_resolve_storage_engine_name(ht));
   exchange_entry.phase=        EXCH_PHASE_NAME_TO_TEMP;
 
   mysql_mutex_lock(&LOCK_gdl);
@@ -377,8 +378,8 @@ static bool exchange_name_with_ddl_log(THD *thd,
 
   DBUG_EXECUTE_IF("exchange_partition_fail_2", goto err_no_execute_written;);
   DBUG_EXECUTE_IF("exchange_partition_abort_2", DBUG_SUICIDE(););
-  if (unlikely(ddl_log_write_execute_entry(log_entry->entry_pos, FALSE,
-                                            &exec_log_entry)))
+  if (unlikely(ddl_log_write_execute_entry(log_entry->entry_pos,
+                                           &exec_log_entry)))
     goto err_no_execute_written;
   /* ddl_log is written and synced */
 
@@ -457,7 +458,7 @@ err_rename:
   (void) ddl_log_execute_entry(current_thd, log_entry->entry_pos);
   mysql_mutex_lock(&LOCK_gdl);
   /* mark the execute log entry done */
-  (void) ddl_log_write_execute_entry(0, TRUE, &exec_log_entry);
+  (void) ddl_log_disable_execute_entry(&exec_log_entry);
   /* release the execute log entry */
   (void) ddl_log_release_memory_entry(exec_log_entry);
 err_no_execute_written: