mariadb/sql/table.h

#ifndef TABLE_INCLUDED
#define TABLE_INCLUDED
/* Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
   Copyright (c) 2009, 2014, SkySQL Ab.
   Copyright (c) 2016, 2017, MariaDB Corporation.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
   Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301  USA */

#include "my_global.h"                          /* NO_EMBEDDED_ACCESS_CHECKS */
#include "sql_plist.h"
#include "sql_list.h"                           /* Sql_alloc */
#include "mdl.h"
#include "datadict.h"
#include "sql_string.h"                         /* String */

#ifndef MYSQL_CLIENT

#include "hash.h"                               /* HASH */
#include "handler.h"                /* row_type, ha_choice, handler */
#include "mysql_com.h"              /* enum_field_types */
#include "thr_lock.h"                  /* thr_lock_type */
#include "filesort_utils.h"
#include "parse_file.h"

/* Structs that defines the TABLE */

class Item;				/* Needed by ORDER */
class Item_subselect;
class Item_field;
class GRANT_TABLE;
class st_select_lex_unit;
class st_select_lex;
class partition_info;
class COND_EQUAL;
class Security_context;
struct TABLE_LIST;
class ACL_internal_schema_access;
class ACL_internal_table_access;
class Field;
class Table_statistics;
class With_element;
struct TDC_element;
class Virtual_column_info;
class Table_triggers_list;
class TMP_TABLE_PARAM;

/*
  Used to identify NESTED_JOIN structures within a join (applicable only to
  structures that have not been simplified away and embed more the one
  element)
*/
typedef ulonglong nested_join_map;


#define tmp_file_prefix "#sql"			/**< Prefix for tmp tables */
#define tmp_file_prefix_length 4
#define TMP_TABLE_KEY_EXTRA 8

/**
  Enumerate possible types of a table from re-execution
  standpoint.
  TABLE_LIST class has a member of this type.
  At prepared statement prepare, this member is assigned a value
  as of the current state of the database. Before (re-)execution
  of a prepared statement, we check that the value recorded at
  prepare matches the type of the object we obtained from the
  table definition cache.

  @sa check_and_update_table_version()
  @sa Execute_observer
  @sa Prepared_statement::reprepare()
*/

enum enum_table_ref_type
{
  /** Initial value set by the parser */
  TABLE_REF_NULL= 0,
  TABLE_REF_VIEW,
  TABLE_REF_BASE_TABLE,
  TABLE_REF_I_S_TABLE,
  TABLE_REF_TMP_TABLE
};


/*************************************************************************/

/**
 Object_creation_ctx -- interface for creation context of database objects
 (views, stored routines, events, triggers). Creation context -- is a set
 of attributes, that should be fixed at the creation time and then be used
 each time the object is parsed or executed.
*/

class Object_creation_ctx
{
public:
  Object_creation_ctx *set_n_backup(THD *thd);

  void restore_env(THD *thd, Object_creation_ctx *backup_ctx);

protected:
  Object_creation_ctx() {}
  virtual Object_creation_ctx *create_backup_ctx(THD *thd) const = 0;

  virtual void change_env(THD *thd) const = 0;

public:
  virtual ~Object_creation_ctx()
  { }
};

/*************************************************************************/

/**
 Default_object_creation_ctx -- default implementation of
 Object_creation_ctx.
*/

class Default_object_creation_ctx : public Object_creation_ctx
{
public:
  CHARSET_INFO *get_client_cs()
  {
    return m_client_cs;
  }

  CHARSET_INFO *get_connection_cl()
  {
    return m_connection_cl;
  }

protected:
  Default_object_creation_ctx(THD *thd);

  Default_object_creation_ctx(CHARSET_INFO *client_cs,
                              CHARSET_INFO *connection_cl);

protected:
  virtual Object_creation_ctx *create_backup_ctx(THD *thd) const;

  virtual void change_env(THD *thd) const;

protected:
  /**
    client_cs stores the value of character_set_client session variable.
    The only character set attribute is used.

    Client character set is included into query context, because we save
    query in the original character set, which is client character set. So,
    in order to parse the query properly we have to switch client character
    set on parsing.
  */
  CHARSET_INFO *m_client_cs;

  /**
    connection_cl stores the value of collation_connection session
    variable. Both character set and collation attributes are used.

    Connection collation is included into query context, becase it defines
    the character set and collation of text literals in internal
    representation of query (item-objects).
  */
  CHARSET_INFO *m_connection_cl;
};

class Query_arena;

/*************************************************************************/

/**
 View_creation_ctx -- creation context of view objects.
*/

class View_creation_ctx : public Default_object_creation_ctx,
                          public Sql_alloc
{
public:
  static View_creation_ctx *create(THD *thd);

  static View_creation_ctx *create(THD *thd,
                                   TABLE_LIST *view);

private:
  View_creation_ctx(THD *thd)
    : Default_object_creation_ctx(thd)
  { }
};

/*************************************************************************/

/* Order clause list element */

typedef int (*fast_field_copier)(Field *to, Field *from);


typedef struct st_order {
  struct st_order *next;
  Item	 **item;			/* Point at item in select fields */
  Item	 *item_ptr;			/* Storage for initial item */
  /*
    Reference to the function we are trying to optimize copy to
    a temporary table
  */
  fast_field_copier fast_field_copier_func;
  /* Field for which above optimizer function setup */
  Field  *fast_field_copier_setup;
  int    counter;                       /* position in SELECT list, correct
                                           only if counter_used is true*/
  enum enum_order {
    ORDER_NOT_RELEVANT,
    ORDER_ASC,
    ORDER_DESC
  };

  enum_order direction;                 /* Requested direction of ordering */
  bool	 in_field_list;			/* true if in select field list */
  bool   counter_used;                  /* parameter was counter of columns */
  Field  *field;			/* If tmp-table group */
  char	 *buff;				/* If tmp-table group */
  table_map used; /* NOTE: the below is only set to 0 but is still used by eq_ref_table */
  table_map depend_map;
} ORDER;

/**
  State information for internal tables grants.
  This structure is part of the TABLE_LIST, and is updated
  during the ACL check process.
  @sa GRANT_INFO
*/
struct st_grant_internal_info
{
  /** True if the internal lookup by schema name was done. */
  bool m_schema_lookup_done;
  /** Cached internal schema access. */
  const ACL_internal_schema_access *m_schema_access;
  /** True if the internal lookup by table name was done. */
  bool m_table_lookup_done;
  /** Cached internal table access. */
  const ACL_internal_table_access *m_table_access;
};
typedef struct st_grant_internal_info GRANT_INTERNAL_INFO;

/**
   @brief The current state of the privilege checking process for the current
   user, SQL statement and SQL object.

   @details The privilege checking process is divided into phases depending on
   the level of the privilege to be checked and the type of object to be
   accessed. Due to the mentioned scattering of privilege checking
   functionality, it is necessary to keep track of the state of the
   process. This information is stored in privilege, want_privilege, and
   orig_want_privilege.

   A GRANT_INFO also serves as a cache of the privilege hash tables. Relevant
   members are grant_table and version.
 */
typedef struct st_grant_info
{
  /**
     @brief A copy of the privilege information regarding the current host,
     database, object and user.

     @details The version of this copy is found in GRANT_INFO::version.
   */
  GRANT_TABLE *grant_table_user;
  GRANT_TABLE *grant_table_role;
  /**
     @brief Used for cache invalidation when caching privilege information.

     @details The privilege information is stored on disk, with dedicated
     caches residing in memory: table-level and column-level privileges,
     respectively, have their own dedicated caches.

     The GRANT_INFO works as a level 1 cache with this member updated to the
     current value of the global variable @c grant_version (@c static variable
     in sql_acl.cc). It is updated Whenever the GRANT_INFO is refreshed from
     the level 2 cache. The level 2 cache is the @c column_priv_hash structure
     (@c static variable in sql_acl.cc)

     @see grant_version
   */
  uint version;
  /**
     @brief The set of privileges that the current user has fulfilled for a
     certain host, database, and object.
     
     @details This field is continually updated throughout the access checking
     process. In each step the "wanted privilege" is checked against the
     fulfilled privileges. When/if the intersection of these sets is empty,
     access is granted.

     The set is implemented as a bitmap, with the bits defined in sql_acl.h.
   */
  ulong privilege;
  /**
     @brief the set of privileges that the current user needs to fulfil in
     order to carry out the requested operation.
   */
  ulong want_privilege;
  /**
    Stores the requested access acl of top level tables list. Is used to
    check access rights to the underlying tables of a view.
  */
  ulong orig_want_privilege;
  /** The grant state for internal tables. */
  GRANT_INTERNAL_INFO m_internal;
} GRANT_INFO;

enum tmp_table_type
{
  NO_TMP_TABLE, NON_TRANSACTIONAL_TMP_TABLE, TRANSACTIONAL_TMP_TABLE,
  INTERNAL_TMP_TABLE, SYSTEM_TMP_TABLE
};
enum release_type { RELEASE_NORMAL, RELEASE_WAIT_FOR_DROP };

enum enum_vcol_update_mode
{
  VCOL_UPDATE_FOR_READ= 0,
  VCOL_UPDATE_FOR_WRITE,
  VCOL_UPDATE_FOR_DELETE,
  VCOL_UPDATE_INDEXED,
  VCOL_UPDATE_INDEXED_FOR_UPDATE,
  VCOL_UPDATE_FOR_REPLACE
};


/**
  Category of table found in the table share.
*/
enum enum_table_category
{
  /**
    Unknown value.
  */
  TABLE_UNKNOWN_CATEGORY=0,

  /**
    Temporary table.
    The table is visible only in the session.
    Therefore,
    - FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK
    - SET GLOBAL READ_ONLY = ON
    do not apply to this table.
    Note that LOCK TABLE t FOR READ/WRITE
    can be used on temporary tables.
    Temporary tables are not part of the table cache.
  */
  TABLE_CATEGORY_TEMPORARY=1,

  /**
    User table.
    These tables do honor:
    - LOCK TABLE t FOR READ/WRITE
    - FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK
    - SET GLOBAL READ_ONLY = ON
    User tables are cached in the table cache.
  */
  TABLE_CATEGORY_USER=2,

  /**
    System table, maintained by the server.
    These tables do honor:
    - LOCK TABLE t FOR READ/WRITE
    - FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK
    - SET GLOBAL READ_ONLY = ON
    Typically, writes to system tables are performed by
    the server implementation, not explicitly be a user.
    System tables are cached in the table cache.
  */
  TABLE_CATEGORY_SYSTEM=3,

  /**
    Information schema tables.
    These tables are an interface provided by the system
    to inspect the system metadata.
    These tables do *not* honor:
    - LOCK TABLE t FOR READ/WRITE
    - FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK
    - SET GLOBAL READ_ONLY = ON
    as there is no point in locking explicitly
    an INFORMATION_SCHEMA table.
    Nothing is directly written to information schema tables.
    Note that this value is not used currently,
    since information schema tables are not shared,
    but implemented as session specific temporary tables.
  */
  /*
    TODO: Fixing the performance issues of I_S will lead
    to I_S tables in the table cache, which should use
    this table type.
  */
  TABLE_CATEGORY_INFORMATION=4,

  /**
    Log tables.
    These tables are an interface provided by the system
    to inspect the system logs.
    These tables do *not* honor:
    - LOCK TABLE t FOR READ/WRITE
    - FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK
    - SET GLOBAL READ_ONLY = ON
    as there is no point in locking explicitly
    a LOG table.
    An example of LOG tables are:
    - mysql.slow_log
    - mysql.general_log,
    which *are* updated even when there is either
    a GLOBAL READ LOCK or a GLOBAL READ_ONLY in effect.
    User queries do not write directly to these tables
    (there are exceptions for log tables).
    The server implementation perform writes.
    Log tables are cached in the table cache.
  */
  TABLE_CATEGORY_LOG=5,

  /**
    Performance schema tables.
    These tables are an interface provided by the system
    to inspect the system performance data.
    These tables do *not* honor:
    - LOCK TABLE t FOR READ/WRITE
    - FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK
    - SET GLOBAL READ_ONLY = ON
    as there is no point in locking explicitly
    a PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA table.
    An example of PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA tables are:
    - performance_schema.*
    which *are* updated (but not using the handler interface)
    even when there is either
    a GLOBAL READ LOCK or a GLOBAL READ_ONLY in effect.
    User queries do not write directly to these tables
    (there are exceptions for SETUP_* tables).
    The server implementation perform writes.
    Performance tables are cached in the table cache.
  */
  TABLE_CATEGORY_PERFORMANCE=6
};
typedef enum enum_table_category TABLE_CATEGORY;

TABLE_CATEGORY get_table_category(const LEX_STRING *db,
                                  const LEX_STRING *name);


typedef struct st_table_field_type
{
  LEX_STRING name;
  LEX_STRING type;
  LEX_STRING cset;
} TABLE_FIELD_TYPE;


typedef struct st_table_field_def
{
  uint count;
  const TABLE_FIELD_TYPE *field;
  uint primary_key_parts;
  const uint *primary_key_columns;
} TABLE_FIELD_DEF;


class Table_check_intact
{
protected:
  virtual void report_error(uint code, const char *fmt, ...)= 0;

public:
  Table_check_intact() {}
  virtual ~Table_check_intact() {}

  /** Checks whether a table is intact. */
  bool check(TABLE *table, const TABLE_FIELD_DEF *table_def);
};


/*
  If the table isn't valid, report the error to the server log only.
*/
class Table_check_intact_log_error : public Table_check_intact
{
protected:
  void report_error(uint, const char *fmt, ...);
};


/**
  Class representing the fact that some thread waits for table
  share to be flushed. Is used to represent information about
  such waits in MDL deadlock detector.
*/

class Wait_for_flush : public MDL_wait_for_subgraph
{
  MDL_context *m_ctx;
  TABLE_SHARE *m_share;
  uint m_deadlock_weight;
public:
  Wait_for_flush(MDL_context *ctx_arg, TABLE_SHARE *share_arg,
               uint deadlock_weight_arg)
    : m_ctx(ctx_arg), m_share(share_arg),
      m_deadlock_weight(deadlock_weight_arg)
  {}

  MDL_context *get_ctx() const { return m_ctx; }

  virtual bool accept_visitor(MDL_wait_for_graph_visitor *dvisitor);

  virtual uint get_deadlock_weight() const;

  /**
    Pointers for participating in the list of waiters for table share.
  */
  Wait_for_flush *next_in_share;
  Wait_for_flush **prev_in_share;
};


typedef I_P_List <Wait_for_flush,
                  I_P_List_adapter<Wait_for_flush,
                                   &Wait_for_flush::next_in_share,
                                   &Wait_for_flush::prev_in_share> >
                 Wait_for_flush_list;


enum open_frm_error {
  OPEN_FRM_OK = 0,
  OPEN_FRM_OPEN_ERROR,
  OPEN_FRM_READ_ERROR,
  OPEN_FRM_CORRUPTED,
  OPEN_FRM_DISCOVER,
  OPEN_FRM_ERROR_ALREADY_ISSUED,
  OPEN_FRM_NOT_A_VIEW,
  OPEN_FRM_NOT_A_TABLE,
  OPEN_FRM_NEEDS_REBUILD
};

/**
  Control block to access table statistics loaded 
  from persistent statistical tables
*/

struct TABLE_STATISTICS_CB
{
  MEM_ROOT  mem_root; /* MEM_ROOT to allocate statistical data for the table */
  Table_statistics *table_stats; /* Structure to access the statistical data */
  bool stats_can_be_read;        /* Memory for statistical data is allocated */
  bool stats_is_read;            /* Statistical data for table has been read
                                    from statistical tables */
  bool histograms_can_be_read;
  bool histograms_are_read;   
};


/**
  This structure is shared between different table objects. There is one
  instance of table share per one table in the database.
*/

struct TABLE_SHARE
{
  TABLE_SHARE() {}                    /* Remove gcc warning */

  /** Category of this table. */
  TABLE_CATEGORY table_category;

  /* hash of field names (contains pointers to elements of field array) */
  HASH	name_hash;			/* hash of field names */
  MEM_ROOT mem_root;
  TYPELIB keynames;			/* Pointers to keynames */
  TYPELIB fieldnames;			/* Pointer to fieldnames */
  TYPELIB *intervals;			/* pointer to interval info */
  mysql_mutex_t LOCK_ha_data;           /* To protect access to ha_data */
  mysql_mutex_t LOCK_share;             /* To protect TABLE_SHARE */

  TDC_element *tdc;

  LEX_CUSTRING tabledef_version;

  engine_option_value *option_list;     /* text options for table */
  ha_table_option_struct *option_struct; /* structure with parsed options */

  /* The following is copied to each TABLE on OPEN */
  Field **field;
  Field **found_next_number_field;
  KEY  *key_info;			/* data of keys in database */
  Virtual_column_info **check_constraints;
  uint	*blob_field;			/* Index to blobs in Field arrray*/
  LEX_CUSTRING vcol_defs;              /* definitions of generated columns */

  TABLE_STATISTICS_CB stats_cb;

  uchar	*default_values;		/* row with default values */
  LEX_STRING comment;			/* Comment about table */
  CHARSET_INFO *table_charset;		/* Default charset of string fields */

  MY_BITMAP *check_set;                 /* Fields used by check constrant */
  MY_BITMAP all_set;
  /*
    Key which is used for looking-up table in table cache and in the list
    of thread's temporary tables. Has the form of:
      "database_name\0table_name\0" + optional part for temporary tables.

    Note that all three 'table_cache_key', 'db' and 'table_name' members
    must be set (and be non-zero) for tables in table cache. They also
    should correspond to each other.
    To ensure this one can use set_table_cache() methods.
  */
  LEX_STRING table_cache_key;
  LEX_STRING db;                        /* Pointer to db */
  LEX_STRING table_name;                /* Table name (for open) */
  LEX_STRING path;                	/* Path to .frm file (from datadir) */
  LEX_STRING normalized_path;		/* unpack_filename(path) */
  LEX_STRING connect_string;

  /* 
     Set of keys in use, implemented as a Bitmap.
     Excludes keys disabled by ALTER TABLE ... DISABLE KEYS.
  */
  key_map keys_in_use;
  key_map keys_for_keyread;
  ha_rows min_rows, max_rows;		/* create information */
  ulong   avg_row_length;		/* create information */
  ulong   mysql_version;		/* 0 if .frm is created before 5.0 */
  ulong   reclength;			/* Recordlength */
  /* Stored record length. No generated-only virtual fields are included */
  ulong   stored_rec_length;            

  plugin_ref db_plugin;			/* storage engine plugin */
  inline handlerton *db_type() const	/* table_type for handler */
  { 
    return is_view   ? view_pseudo_hton :
           db_plugin ? plugin_hton(db_plugin) : NULL;
  }
  enum row_type row_type;		/* How rows are stored */
  enum tmp_table_type tmp_table;

  /** Transactional or not. */
  enum ha_choice transactional;
  /** Per-page checksums or not. */
  enum ha_choice page_checksum;

  uint key_block_size;			/* create key_block_size, if used */
  uint stats_sample_pages;		/* number of pages to sample during
					stats estimation, if used, otherwise 0. */
  enum_stats_auto_recalc stats_auto_recalc; /* Automatic recalc of stats. */
  uint null_bytes, last_null_bit_pos;
  /*
    Same as null_bytes, except that if there is only a 'delete-marker' in
    the record then this value is 0.
  */
  uint null_bytes_for_compare;
  uint fields;                          /* number of fields */
  uint stored_fields;                   /* number of stored fields, purely virtual not included */
  uint virtual_fields;                  /* number of purely virtual fields */
  uint null_fields;                     /* number of null fields */
  uint blob_fields;                     /* number of blob fields */
  uint varchar_fields;                  /* number of varchar fields */
  uint default_fields;                  /* number of default fields */

  uint default_expressions;
  uint table_check_constraints, field_check_constraints;

  uint rec_buff_length;                 /* Size of table->record[] buffer */
  uint keys, key_parts;
  uint ext_key_parts;       /* Total number of key parts in extended keys */
  uint max_key_length, max_unique_length, total_key_length;
  uint uniques;                         /* Number of UNIQUE index */
  uint db_create_options;		/* Create options from database */
  uint db_options_in_use;		/* Options in use */
  uint db_record_offset;		/* if HA_REC_IN_SEQ */
  uint rowid_field_offset;		/* Field_nr +1 to rowid field */
  /* Primary key index number, used in TABLE::key_info[] */
  uint primary_key;                     
  uint next_number_index;               /* autoincrement key number */
  uint next_number_key_offset;          /* autoinc keypart offset in a key */
  uint next_number_keypart;             /* autoinc keypart number in a key */
  enum open_frm_error error;            /* error from open_table_def() */
  uint open_errno;                      /* error from open_table_def() */
  uint column_bitmap_size;
  uchar frm_version;

  bool use_ext_keys;                    /* Extended keys can be used */
  bool null_field_first;
  bool system;                          /* Set if system table (one record) */
  bool crypted;                         /* If .frm file is crypted */
  bool crashed;
  bool is_view;
  bool can_cmp_whole_record;
  bool table_creation_was_logged;
  bool non_determinstic_insert;
  bool vcols_need_refixing;
  bool check_set_initialized;
  bool has_update_default_function;
  ulong table_map_id;                   /* for row-based replication */

  /*
    Things that are incompatible between the stored version and the
    current version. This is a set of HA_CREATE... bits that can be used
    to modify create_info->used_fields for ALTER TABLE.
  */
  ulong incompatible_version;

  /**
    For shares representing views File_parser object with view
    definition read from .FRM file.
  */
  const File_parser *view_def;

  /*
    Cache for row-based replication table share checks that does not
    need to be repeated. Possible values are: -1 when cache value is
    not calculated yet, 0 when table *shall not* be replicated, 1 when
    table *may* be replicated.
  */
  int cached_row_logging_check;

  /* Name of the tablespace used for this table */
  char *tablespace;

#ifdef WITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE
  /* filled in when reading from frm */
  bool auto_partitioned;
  char *partition_info_str;
  uint  partition_info_str_len;
  uint  partition_info_buffer_size;
  plugin_ref default_part_plugin;
#endif

  /**
    Cache the checked structure of this table.

    The pointer data is used to describe the structure that
    a instance of the table must have. Each element of the
    array specifies a field that must exist on the table.

    The pointer is cached in order to perform the check only
    once -- when the table is loaded from the disk.
  */
  const TABLE_FIELD_DEF *table_field_def_cache;

  /** Main handler's share */
  Handler_share *ha_share;

  /** Instrumentation for this table share. */
  PSI_table_share *m_psi;

  /*
    Set share's table cache key and update its db and table name appropriately.

    SYNOPSIS
      set_table_cache_key()
        key_buff    Buffer with already built table cache key to be
                    referenced from share.
        key_length  Key length.

    NOTES
      Since 'key_buff' buffer will be referenced from share it should has same
      life-time as share itself.
      This method automatically ensures that TABLE_SHARE::table_name/db have
      appropriate values by using table cache key as their source.
  */

  void set_table_cache_key(char *key_buff, uint key_length)
  {
    table_cache_key.str= key_buff;
    table_cache_key.length= key_length;
    /*
      Let us use the fact that the key is "db/0/table_name/0" + optional
      part for temporary tables.
    */
    db.str=            table_cache_key.str;
    db.length=         strlen(db.str);
    table_name.str=    db.str + db.length + 1;
    table_name.length= strlen(table_name.str);
  }


  /*
    Set share's table cache key and update its db and table name appropriately.

    SYNOPSIS
      set_table_cache_key()
        key_buff    Buffer to be used as storage for table cache key
                    (should be at least key_length bytes).
        key         Value for table cache key.
        key_length  Key length.

    NOTE
      Since 'key_buff' buffer will be used as storage for table cache key
      it should has same life-time as share itself.
  */

  void set_table_cache_key(char *key_buff, const char *key, uint key_length)
  {
    memcpy(key_buff, key, key_length);
    set_table_cache_key(key_buff, key_length);
  }

  inline bool honor_global_locks()
  {
    return ((table_category == TABLE_CATEGORY_USER)
            || (table_category == TABLE_CATEGORY_SYSTEM));
  }

  inline bool require_write_privileges()
  {
    return (table_category == TABLE_CATEGORY_LOG);
  }

  inline ulong get_table_def_version()
  {
    return table_map_id;
  }

  /**
    Convert unrelated members of TABLE_SHARE to one enum
    representing its type.

    @todo perhaps we need to have a member instead of a function.
  */
  enum enum_table_ref_type get_table_ref_type() const
  {
    if (is_view)
      return TABLE_REF_VIEW;
    switch (tmp_table) {
    case NO_TMP_TABLE:
      return TABLE_REF_BASE_TABLE;
    case SYSTEM_TMP_TABLE:
      return TABLE_REF_I_S_TABLE;
    default:
      return TABLE_REF_TMP_TABLE;
    }
  }
  /**
    Return a table metadata version.
     * for base tables and views, we return table_map_id.
       It is assigned from a global counter incremented for each
       new table loaded into the table definition cache (TDC).
     * for temporary tables it's table_map_id again. But for
       temporary tables table_map_id is assigned from
       thd->query_id. The latter is assigned from a thread local
       counter incremented for every new SQL statement. Since
       temporary tables are thread-local, each temporary table
       gets a unique id.
     * for everything else (e.g. information schema tables),
       the version id is zero.

   This choice of version id is a large compromise
   to have a working prepared statement validation in 5.1. In
   future version ids will be persistent, as described in WL#4180.

   Let's try to explain why and how this limited solution allows
   to validate prepared statements.

   Firstly, sets (in mathematical sense) of version numbers
   never intersect for different table types. Therefore,
   version id of a temporary table is never compared with
   a version id of a view, and vice versa.

   Secondly, for base tables and views, we know that each DDL flushes
   the respective share from the TDC. This ensures that whenever
   a table is altered or dropped and recreated, it gets a new
   version id.
   Unfortunately, since elements of the TDC are also flushed on
   LRU basis, this choice of version ids leads to false positives.
   E.g. when the TDC size is too small, we may have a SELECT
   * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES flush all its elements, which
   in turn will lead to a validation error and a subsequent
   reprepare of all prepared statements.  This is
   considered acceptable, since as long as prepared statements are
   automatically reprepared, spurious invalidation is only
   a performance hit. Besides, no better simple solution exists.

   For temporary tables, using thd->query_id ensures that if
   a temporary table was altered or recreated, a new version id is
   assigned. This suits validation needs very well and will perhaps
   never change.

   Metadata of information schema tables never changes.
   Thus we can safely assume 0 for a good enough version id.

   Finally, by taking into account table type, we always
   track that a change has taken place when a view is replaced
   with a base table, a base table is replaced with a temporary
   table and so on.

   @sa TABLE_LIST::is_table_ref_id_equal()
  */
  ulong get_table_ref_version() const
  {
    return (tmp_table == SYSTEM_TMP_TABLE) ? 0 : table_map_id;
  }

  bool visit_subgraph(Wait_for_flush *waiting_ticket,
                      MDL_wait_for_graph_visitor *gvisitor);

  bool wait_for_old_version(THD *thd, struct timespec *abstime,
                            uint deadlock_weight);
  /** Release resources and free memory occupied by the table share. */
  void destroy();

  void set_use_ext_keys_flag(bool fl) 
  {
    use_ext_keys= fl;
  }
  
  uint actual_n_key_parts(THD *thd);

  LEX_CUSTRING *frm_image; ///< only during CREATE TABLE (@sa ha_create_table)

  /*
    populates TABLE_SHARE from the table description in the binary frm image.
    if 'write' is true, this frm image is also written into a corresponding
    frm file, that serves as a persistent metadata cache to avoid
    discovering the table over and over again
  */
  int init_from_binary_frm_image(THD *thd, bool write,
                                 const uchar *frm_image, size_t frm_length);

  /*
    populates TABLE_SHARE from the table description, specified as the
    complete CREATE TABLE sql statement.
    if 'write' is true, this frm image is also written into a corresponding
    frm file, that serves as a persistent metadata cache to avoid
    discovering the table over and over again
  */
  int init_from_sql_statement_string(THD *thd, bool write,
                                     const char *sql, size_t sql_length);
  /*
    writes the frm image to an frm file, corresponding to this table
  */
  bool write_frm_image(const uchar *frm_image, size_t frm_length);

  bool write_frm_image(void)
  { return frm_image ? write_frm_image(frm_image->str, frm_image->length) : 0; }

  /*
    returns an frm image for this table.
    the memory is allocated and must be freed later
  */
  bool read_frm_image(const uchar **frm_image, size_t *frm_length);

  /* frees the memory allocated in read_frm_image */
  void free_frm_image(const uchar *frm);
};


/**
   Class is used as a BLOB field value storage for
   intermediate GROUP_CONCAT results. Used only for
   GROUP_CONCAT with  DISTINCT or ORDER BY options.
 */

class Blob_mem_storage: public Sql_alloc
{
private:
  MEM_ROOT storage;
  /**
    Sign that some values were cut
    during saving into the storage.
  */
  bool truncated_value;
public:
  Blob_mem_storage() :truncated_value(false)
  {
    init_alloc_root(&storage, MAX_FIELD_VARCHARLENGTH, 0, MYF(0));
  }
  ~ Blob_mem_storage()
  {
    free_root(&storage, MYF(0));
  }
  void reset()
  {
    free_root(&storage, MYF(MY_MARK_BLOCKS_FREE));
    truncated_value= false;
  }
  /**
     Fuction creates duplicate of 'from'
     string in 'storage' MEM_ROOT.

     @param from           string to copy
     @param length         string length

     @retval Pointer to the copied string.
     @retval 0 if an error occurred.
  */
  char *store(const char *from, uint length)
  {
    return (char*) memdup_root(&storage, from, length);
  }
  void set_truncated_value(bool is_truncated_value)
  {
    truncated_value= is_truncated_value;
  }
  bool is_truncated_value() { return truncated_value; }
};


/* Information for one open table */
enum index_hint_type
{
  INDEX_HINT_IGNORE,
  INDEX_HINT_USE,
  INDEX_HINT_FORCE
};

struct st_cond_statistic;

#define      CHECK_ROW_FOR_NULLS_TO_REJECT   (1 << 0)
#define      REJECT_ROW_DUE_TO_NULL_FIELDS   (1 << 1)

/* Bitmap of table's fields */
typedef Bitmap<MAX_FIELDS> Field_map;

struct TABLE
{
  TABLE() {}                               /* Remove gcc warning */

  TABLE_SHARE	*s;
  handler	*file;
  TABLE *next, *prev;

private:
  /**
     Links for the list of all TABLE objects for this share.
     Declared as private to avoid direct manipulation with those objects.
     One should use methods of I_P_List template instead.
  */
  TABLE *share_all_next, **share_all_prev;
  TABLE *global_free_next, **global_free_prev;
  friend struct All_share_tables;
  friend struct Table_cache_instance;

public:

  uint32 instance; /** Table cache instance this TABLE is belonging to */
  THD	*in_use;                        /* Which thread uses this */

  uchar *record[2];			/* Pointer to records */
  uchar *write_row_record;		/* Used as optimisation in
					   THD::write_row */
  uchar *insert_values;                  /* used by INSERT ... UPDATE */
  /* 
    Map of keys that can be used to retrieve all data from this table 
    needed by the query without reading the row.
  */
  key_map covering_keys;
  key_map quick_keys, intersect_keys;
  /*
    A set of keys that can be used in the query that references this
    table.

    All indexes disabled on the table's TABLE_SHARE (see TABLE::s) will be 
    subtracted from this set upon instantiation. Thus for any TABLE t it holds
    that t.keys_in_use_for_query is a subset of t.s.keys_in_use. Generally we 
    must not introduce any new keys here (see setup_tables).

    The set is implemented as a bitmap.
  */
  key_map keys_in_use_for_query;
  /* Map of keys that can be used to calculate GROUP BY without sorting */
  key_map keys_in_use_for_group_by;
  /* Map of keys that can be used to calculate ORDER BY without sorting */
  key_map keys_in_use_for_order_by;
  KEY  *key_info;			/* data of keys in database */

  Field **field;                        /* Pointer to fields */
  Field **vfield;                       /* Pointer to virtual fields*/
  Field **default_field;                /* Fields with non-constant DEFAULT */
  Field *next_number_field;		/* Set if next_number is activated */
  Field *found_next_number_field;	/* Set on open */
  Virtual_column_info **check_constraints;

  /* Table's triggers, 0 if there are no of them */
  Table_triggers_list *triggers;
  TABLE_LIST *pos_in_table_list;/* Element referring to this table */
  /* Position in thd->locked_table_list under LOCK TABLES */
  TABLE_LIST *pos_in_locked_tables;

  /*
    Not-null for temporary tables only. Non-null values means this table is
    used to compute GROUP BY, it has a unique of GROUP BY columns.
    (set by create_tmp_table)
  */
  ORDER		*group;
  String	alias;            	  /* alias or table name */
  uchar		*null_flags;
  MY_BITMAP     def_read_set, def_write_set, tmp_set;
  MY_BITMAP     def_rpl_write_set;
  MY_BITMAP     eq_join_set;         /* used to mark equi-joined fields */
  MY_BITMAP     cond_set;   /* used to mark fields from sargable conditions*/
  /* Active column sets */
  MY_BITMAP     *read_set, *write_set, *rpl_write_set;
  /* Set if using virtual fields */
  MY_BITMAP     *vcol_set, *def_vcol_set;
  /* On INSERT: fields that the user specified a value for */
  MY_BITMAP	has_value_set;

  /*
   The ID of the query that opened and is using this table. Has different
   meanings depending on the table type.

   Temporary tables:

   table->query_id is set to thd->query_id for the duration of a statement
   and is reset to 0 once it is closed by the same statement. A non-zero
   table->query_id means that a statement is using the table even if it's
   not the current statement (table is in use by some outer statement).

   Non-temporary tables:

   Under pre-locked or LOCK TABLES mode: query_id is set to thd->query_id
   for the duration of a statement and is reset to 0 once it is closed by
   the same statement. A non-zero query_id is used to control which tables
   in the list of pre-opened and locked tables are actually being used.
  */
  query_id_t	query_id;

  /*
    This structure is used for statistical data on the table that
    is collected by the function collect_statistics_for_table
  */
  Table_statistics *collected_stats;

  /* The estimate of the number of records in the table used by optimizer */ 
  ha_rows used_stat_records;

  /* 
    For each key that has quick_keys.is_set(key) == TRUE: estimate of #records
    and max #key parts that range access would use.
  */
  ha_rows	quick_rows[MAX_KEY];
  double 	quick_costs[MAX_KEY];

  /* 
    Bitmaps of key parts that =const for the duration of join execution. If
    we're in a subquery, then the constant may be different across subquery
    re-executions.
  */
  key_part_map  const_key_parts[MAX_KEY];

  uint		quick_key_parts[MAX_KEY];
  uint		quick_n_ranges[MAX_KEY];

  /* 
    Estimate of number of records that satisfy SARGable part of the table
    condition, or table->file->records if no SARGable condition could be
    constructed.
    This value is used by join optimizer as an estimate of number of records
    that will pass the table condition (condition that depends on fields of 
    this table and constants)
  */
  ha_rows       quick_condition_rows;

  double cond_selectivity;
  List<st_cond_statistic> *cond_selectivity_sampling_explain;

  table_map	map;                    /* ID bit of table (1,2,4,8,16...) */

  uint          lock_position;          /* Position in MYSQL_LOCK.table */
  uint          lock_data_start;        /* Start pos. in MYSQL_LOCK.locks */
  uint          lock_count;             /* Number of locks */
  uint		tablenr,used_fields;
  uint          temp_pool_slot;		/* Used by intern temp tables */
  uint		status;                 /* What's in record[0] */
  uint		db_stat;		/* mode of file as in handler.h */
  /* number of select if it is derived table */
  uint          derived_select_number;
  /*
    0 or JOIN_TYPE_{LEFT|RIGHT}. Currently this is only compared to 0.
    If maybe_null !=0, this table is inner w.r.t. some outer join operation,
    and null_row may be true.
  */
  uint maybe_null;
  int		current_lock;           /* Type of lock on table */
  bool copy_blobs;			/* copy_blobs when storing */
  /*
    Set if next_number_field is in the UPDATE fields of INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE
    KEY UPDATE.
  */
  bool next_number_field_updated;

  /*
    If true, the current table row is considered to have all columns set to 
    NULL, including columns declared as "not null" (see maybe_null).
  */
  bool null_row;
  /*
    No rows that contain null values can be placed into this table.
    Currently this flag can be set to true only for a temporary table
    that used to store the result of materialization of a subquery.
  */
  bool no_rows_with_nulls;
  /*
    This field can contain two bit flags: 
      CHECK_ROW_FOR_NULLS_TO_REJECT
      REJECT_ROW_DUE_TO_NULL_FIELDS
    The first flag is set for the dynamic contexts where it is prohibited
    to write any null into the table.
    The second flag is set only if the first flag is set on.
    The informs the outer scope that there was an attept to write null
    into a field of the table in the context where it is prohibited.
    This flag should be set off as soon as the first flag is set on.
    Currently these flags are used only the tables tno_rows_with_nulls set
    to true. 
  */       
  uint8 null_catch_flags;

  /*
    TODO: Each of the following flags take up 8 bits. They can just as easily
    be put into one single unsigned long and instead of taking up 18
    bytes, it would take up 4.
  */
  bool force_index;

  /**
    Flag set when the statement contains FORCE INDEX FOR ORDER BY
    See TABLE_LIST::process_index_hints().
  */
  bool force_index_order;

  /**
    Flag set when the statement contains FORCE INDEX FOR GROUP BY
    See TABLE_LIST::process_index_hints().
  */
  bool force_index_group;
  /*
    TRUE<=> this table was created with create_tmp_table(... distinct=TRUE..)
    call
  */
  bool distinct;
  bool const_table,no_rows, used_for_duplicate_elimination;
  /**
    Forces DYNAMIC Aria row format for internal temporary tables.
  */
  bool keep_row_order;

  bool no_keyread;
  /**
    If set, indicate that the table is not replicated by the server.
  */
  bool locked_by_logger;
  bool no_replicate;
  bool locked_by_name;
  bool fulltext_searched;
  bool no_cache;
  /* To signal that the table is associated with a HANDLER statement */
  bool open_by_handler;
  /*
    To indicate that a non-null value of the auto_increment field
    was provided by the user or retrieved from the current record.
    Used only in the MODE_NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO mode.
  */
  bool auto_increment_field_not_null;
  bool insert_or_update;             /* Can be used by the handler */
  bool alias_name_used;              /* true if table_name is alias */
  bool get_fields_in_item_tree;      /* Signal to fix_field */
  bool m_needs_reopen;
private:
  bool created;    /* For tmp tables. TRUE <=> tmp table was actually created.*/
public:
#ifdef HAVE_REPLICATION
  /* used in RBR Triggers */
  bool master_had_triggers;
#endif

  REGINFO reginfo;			/* field connections */
  MEM_ROOT mem_root;
  /**
     Initialized in Item_func_group_concat::setup for appropriate
     temporary table if GROUP_CONCAT is used with ORDER BY | DISTINCT
     and BLOB field count > 0.
   */
  Blob_mem_storage *blob_storage;
  GRANT_INFO grant;
  /*
    The arena which the items for expressions from the table definition
    are associated with.  
    Currently only the items of the expressions for virtual columns are
    associated with this arena.
    TODO: To attach the partitioning expressions to this arena.  
  */
  Query_arena *expr_arena;
#ifdef WITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE
  partition_info *part_info;            /* Partition related information */
  /* If true, all partitions have been pruned away */
  bool all_partitions_pruned_away;
#endif
  uint max_keys; /* Size of allocated key_info array. */
  bool stats_is_read;     /* Persistent statistics is read for the table */
  bool histograms_are_read;
  MDL_ticket *mdl_ticket;

  void init(THD *thd, TABLE_LIST *tl);
  bool fill_item_list(List<Item> *item_list) const;
  void reset_item_list(List<Item> *item_list, uint skip) const;
  void clear_column_bitmaps(void);
  void prepare_for_position(void);
  MY_BITMAP *prepare_for_keyread(uint index, MY_BITMAP *map);
  MY_BITMAP *prepare_for_keyread(uint index)
  { return prepare_for_keyread(index, &tmp_set); }
  void mark_columns_used_by_index(uint index, MY_BITMAP *map);
  void mark_columns_used_by_index_no_reset(uint index, MY_BITMAP *map);
  void restore_column_maps_after_keyread(MY_BITMAP *backup);
  void mark_auto_increment_column(void);
  void mark_columns_needed_for_update(void);
  void mark_columns_needed_for_delete(void);
  void mark_columns_needed_for_insert(void);
  void mark_columns_per_binlog_row_image(void);
  bool mark_virtual_col(Field *field);
  bool mark_virtual_columns_for_write(bool insert_fl);
  void mark_default_fields_for_write(bool insert_fl);
  void mark_columns_used_by_check_constraints(void);
  void mark_check_constraint_columns_for_read(void);
  int verify_constraints(bool ignore_failure);
  inline void column_bitmaps_set(MY_BITMAP *read_set_arg)
  {
    read_set= read_set_arg;
    if (file)
      file->column_bitmaps_signal();
  }
  inline void column_bitmaps_set(MY_BITMAP *read_set_arg,
                                 MY_BITMAP *write_set_arg)
  {
    read_set= read_set_arg;
    write_set= write_set_arg;
    if (file)
      file->column_bitmaps_signal();
  }
  inline void column_bitmaps_set(MY_BITMAP *read_set_arg,
                                 MY_BITMAP *write_set_arg,
                                 MY_BITMAP *vcol_set_arg)
  {
    read_set= read_set_arg;
    write_set= write_set_arg;
    vcol_set= vcol_set_arg;
    if (file)
      file->column_bitmaps_signal();
  }
  inline void column_bitmaps_set_no_signal(MY_BITMAP *read_set_arg,
                                           MY_BITMAP *write_set_arg)
  {
    read_set= read_set_arg;
    write_set= write_set_arg;
  }
  inline void column_bitmaps_set_no_signal(MY_BITMAP *read_set_arg,
                                           MY_BITMAP *write_set_arg,
                                           MY_BITMAP *vcol_set_arg)
  {
    read_set= read_set_arg;
    write_set= write_set_arg;
    vcol_set= vcol_set_arg;
  }
  inline void use_all_columns()
  {
    column_bitmaps_set(&s->all_set, &s->all_set);
  }
  inline void default_column_bitmaps()
  {
    read_set= &def_read_set;
    write_set= &def_write_set;
    vcol_set= def_vcol_set;                     /* Note that this may be 0 */
    rpl_write_set= 0;
  }
  /** Should this instance of the table be reopened? */
  inline bool needs_reopen()
  { return !db_stat || m_needs_reopen; }

  bool alloc_keys(uint key_count);
  bool check_tmp_key(uint key, uint key_parts,
                     uint (*next_field_no) (uchar *), uchar *arg);
  bool add_tmp_key(uint key, uint key_parts,
                   uint (*next_field_no) (uchar *), uchar *arg,
                   bool unique);
  void create_key_part_by_field(KEY_PART_INFO *key_part_info,
                                Field *field, uint fieldnr);
  void use_index(int key_to_save);
  void set_table_map(table_map map_arg, uint tablenr_arg)
  {
    map= map_arg;
    tablenr= tablenr_arg;
  }

  /// Return true if table is instantiated, and false otherwise.
  bool is_created() const { return created; }

  /**
    Set the table as "created", and enable flags in storage engine
    that could not be enabled without an instantiated table.
  */
  void set_created()
  {
    if (created)
      return;
    if (file->keyread_enabled())
      file->extra(HA_EXTRA_KEYREAD);
    created= true;
  }

  /*
    Returns TRUE if the table is filled at execution phase (and so, the
    optimizer must not do anything that depends on the contents of the table,
    like range analysis or constant table detection)
  */
  bool is_filled_at_execution();

  bool update_const_key_parts(COND *conds);

  my_ptrdiff_t default_values_offset() const
  { return (my_ptrdiff_t) (s->default_values - record[0]); }

  void move_fields(Field **ptr, const uchar *to, const uchar *from);

  uint actual_n_key_parts(KEY *keyinfo);
  ulong actual_key_flags(KEY *keyinfo);
  int update_virtual_field(Field *vf);
  int update_virtual_fields(handler *h, enum_vcol_update_mode update_mode);
  int update_default_fields(bool update, bool ignore_errors);
  void reset_default_fields();
  inline ha_rows stat_records() { return used_stat_records; }

  void prepare_triggers_for_insert_stmt_or_event();
  bool prepare_triggers_for_delete_stmt_or_event();
  bool prepare_triggers_for_update_stmt_or_event();

  inline Field **field_to_fill();
  bool validate_default_values_of_unset_fields(THD *thd) const;

  bool insert_all_rows_into_tmp_table(THD *thd, 
                                      TABLE *tmp_table,
                                      TMP_TABLE_PARAM *tmp_table_param,
                                      bool with_cleanup);
  Field *find_field_by_name(const char *str) const;
};


/**
   Helper class which specifies which members of TABLE are used for
   participation in the list of used/unused TABLE objects for the share.
*/

struct TABLE_share
{
  static inline TABLE **next_ptr(TABLE *l)
  {
    return &l->next;
  }
  static inline TABLE ***prev_ptr(TABLE *l)
  {
    return (TABLE ***) &l->prev;
  }
};

struct All_share_tables
{
  static inline TABLE **next_ptr(TABLE *l)
  {
    return &l->share_all_next;
  }
  static inline TABLE ***prev_ptr(TABLE *l)
  {
    return &l->share_all_prev;
  }
};

typedef I_P_List <TABLE, All_share_tables> All_share_tables_list;

enum enum_schema_table_state
{ 
  NOT_PROCESSED= 0,
  PROCESSED_BY_CREATE_SORT_INDEX,
  PROCESSED_BY_JOIN_EXEC
};

enum enum_fk_option { FK_OPTION_UNDEF, FK_OPTION_RESTRICT, FK_OPTION_CASCADE,
               FK_OPTION_SET_NULL, FK_OPTION_NO_ACTION, FK_OPTION_SET_DEFAULT};

typedef struct st_foreign_key_info
{
  LEX_STRING *foreign_id;
  LEX_STRING *foreign_db;
  LEX_STRING *foreign_table;
  LEX_STRING *referenced_db;
  LEX_STRING *referenced_table;
  enum_fk_option update_method;
  enum_fk_option delete_method;
  LEX_STRING *referenced_key_name;
  List<LEX_STRING> foreign_fields;
  List<LEX_STRING> referenced_fields;
} FOREIGN_KEY_INFO;

LEX_CSTRING *fk_option_name(enum_fk_option opt);

#define MY_I_S_MAYBE_NULL 1U
#define MY_I_S_UNSIGNED   2U


#define SKIP_OPEN_TABLE 0U               // do not open table
#define OPEN_FRM_ONLY   1U               // open FRM file only
#define OPEN_FULL_TABLE 2U               // open FRM,MYD, MYI files

typedef struct st_field_info
{
  /** 
      This is used as column name. 
  */
  const char* field_name;
  /**
     For string-type columns, this is the maximum number of
     characters. Otherwise, it is the 'display-length' for the column.
  */
  uint field_length;
  /**
     This denotes data type for the column. For the most part, there seems to
     be one entry in the enum for each SQL data type, although there seem to
     be a number of additional entries in the enum.
  */
  enum enum_field_types field_type;
  int value;
  /**
     This is used to set column attributes. By default, columns are @c NOT
     @c NULL and @c SIGNED, and you can deviate from the default
     by setting the appopriate flags. You can use either one of the flags
     @c MY_I_S_MAYBE_NULL and @cMY_I_S_UNSIGNED or
     combine them using the bitwise or operator @c |. Both flags are
     defined in table.h.
   */
  uint field_flags;        // Field atributes(maybe_null, signed, unsigned etc.)
  const char* old_name;
  /**
     This should be one of @c SKIP_OPEN_TABLE,
     @c OPEN_FRM_ONLY or @c OPEN_FULL_TABLE.
  */
  uint open_method;
} ST_FIELD_INFO;


struct TABLE_LIST;
typedef class Item COND;

typedef struct st_schema_table
{
  const char* table_name;
  ST_FIELD_INFO *fields_info;
  /* for FLUSH table_name */
  int (*reset_table) ();
  /* Fill table with data */
  int (*fill_table) (THD *thd, TABLE_LIST *tables, COND *cond);
  /* Handle fileds for old SHOW */
  int (*old_format) (THD *thd, struct st_schema_table *schema_table);
  int (*process_table) (THD *thd, TABLE_LIST *tables, TABLE *table,
                        bool res, LEX_STRING *db_name, LEX_STRING *table_name);
  int idx_field1, idx_field2; 
  bool hidden;
  uint i_s_requested_object;  /* the object we need to open(TABLE | VIEW) */
} ST_SCHEMA_TABLE;

class IS_table_read_plan;

/*
  Types of derived tables. The ending part is a bitmap of phases that are
  applicable to a derived table of the type.
*/
#define DTYPE_ALGORITHM_UNDEFINED    0U
#define DTYPE_VIEW                   1U
#define DTYPE_TABLE                  2U
#define DTYPE_MERGE                  4U
#define DTYPE_MATERIALIZE            8U
#define DTYPE_MULTITABLE             16U
#define DTYPE_MASK                   (DTYPE_VIEW|DTYPE_TABLE|DTYPE_MULTITABLE)

/*
  Phases of derived tables/views handling, see sql_derived.cc
  Values are used as parts of a bitmap attached to derived table types.
*/
#define DT_INIT             1U
#define DT_PREPARE          2U
#define DT_OPTIMIZE         4U
#define DT_MERGE            8U
#define DT_MERGE_FOR_INSERT 16U
#define DT_CREATE           32U
#define DT_FILL             64U
#define DT_REINIT           128U
#define DT_PHASES           8U
/* Phases that are applicable to all derived tables. */
#define DT_COMMON       (DT_INIT + DT_PREPARE + DT_REINIT + DT_OPTIMIZE)
/* Phases that are applicable only to materialized derived tables. */
#define DT_MATERIALIZE  (DT_CREATE + DT_FILL)

#define DT_PHASES_MERGE (DT_COMMON | DT_MERGE | DT_MERGE_FOR_INSERT)
#define DT_PHASES_MATERIALIZE (DT_COMMON | DT_MATERIALIZE)

#define VIEW_ALGORITHM_UNDEFINED 0
/* Special value for ALTER VIEW: inherit original algorithm. */
#define VIEW_ALGORITHM_INHERIT   DTYPE_VIEW
#define VIEW_ALGORITHM_MERGE    (DTYPE_VIEW | DTYPE_MERGE)
#define VIEW_ALGORITHM_TMPTABLE (DTYPE_VIEW | DTYPE_MATERIALIZE)

/*
  View algorithm values as stored in the FRM. Values differ from in-memory
  representation for backward compatibility.
*/

#define VIEW_ALGORITHM_UNDEFINED_FRM  0U
#define VIEW_ALGORITHM_MERGE_FRM      1U
#define VIEW_ALGORITHM_TMPTABLE_FRM   2U

#define JOIN_TYPE_LEFT	1U
#define JOIN_TYPE_RIGHT	2U
#define JOIN_TYPE_OUTER 4U	/* Marker that this is an outer join */

#define VIEW_SUID_INVOKER               0
#define VIEW_SUID_DEFINER               1
#define VIEW_SUID_DEFAULT               2

/* view WITH CHECK OPTION parameter options */
#define VIEW_CHECK_NONE       0
#define VIEW_CHECK_LOCAL      1
#define VIEW_CHECK_CASCADED   2

/* result of view WITH CHECK OPTION parameter check */
#define VIEW_CHECK_OK         0
#define VIEW_CHECK_ERROR      1
#define VIEW_CHECK_SKIP       2

/** The threshold size a blob field buffer before it is freed */
#define MAX_TDC_BLOB_SIZE 65536

class select_unit;
class TMP_TABLE_PARAM;

Item *create_view_field(THD *thd, TABLE_LIST *view, Item **field_ref,
                        const char *name);

struct Field_translator
{
  Item *item;
  const char *name;
};


/*
  Column reference of a NATURAL/USING join. Since column references in
  joins can be both from views and stored tables, may point to either a
  Field (for tables), or a Field_translator (for views).
*/

class Natural_join_column: public Sql_alloc
{
public:
  Field_translator *view_field;  /* Column reference of merge view. */
  Item_field       *table_field; /* Column reference of table or temp view. */
  TABLE_LIST *table_ref; /* Original base table/view reference. */
  /*
    True if a common join column of two NATURAL/USING join operands. Notice
    that when we have a hierarchy of nested NATURAL/USING joins, a column can
    be common at some level of nesting but it may not be common at higher
    levels of nesting. Thus this flag may change depending on at which level
    we are looking at some column.
  */
  bool is_common;
public:
  Natural_join_column(Field_translator *field_param, TABLE_LIST *tab);
  Natural_join_column(Item_field *field_param, TABLE_LIST *tab);
  const char *name();
  Item *create_item(THD *thd);
  Field *field();
  const char *table_name();
  const char *db_name();
  GRANT_INFO *grant();
};


/**
   Type of table which can be open for an element of table list.
*/

enum enum_open_type
{
  OT_TEMPORARY_OR_BASE= 0, OT_TEMPORARY_ONLY, OT_BASE_ONLY
};


class SJ_MATERIALIZATION_INFO;
class Index_hint;
class Item_in_subselect;


/*
  Table reference in the FROM clause.

  These table references can be of several types that correspond to
  different SQL elements. Below we list all types of TABLE_LISTs with
  the necessary conditions to determine when a TABLE_LIST instance
  belongs to a certain type.

  1) table (TABLE_LIST::view == NULL)
     - base table
       (TABLE_LIST::derived == NULL)
     - FROM-clause subquery - TABLE_LIST::table is a temp table
       (TABLE_LIST::derived != NULL)
     - information schema table
       (TABLE_LIST::schema_table != NULL)
       NOTICE: for schema tables TABLE_LIST::field_translation may be != NULL
  2) view (TABLE_LIST::view != NULL)
     - merge    (TABLE_LIST::effective_algorithm == VIEW_ALGORITHM_MERGE)
           also (TABLE_LIST::field_translation != NULL)
     - tmptable (TABLE_LIST::effective_algorithm == VIEW_ALGORITHM_TMPTABLE)
           also (TABLE_LIST::field_translation == NULL)
  2.5) TODO: Add derived tables description here
  3) nested table reference (TABLE_LIST::nested_join != NULL)
     - table sequence - e.g. (t1, t2, t3)
       TODO: how to distinguish from a JOIN?
     - general JOIN
       TODO: how to distinguish from a table sequence?
     - NATURAL JOIN
       (TABLE_LIST::natural_join != NULL)
       - JOIN ... USING
         (TABLE_LIST::join_using_fields != NULL)
     - semi-join nest (sj_on_expr!= NULL && sj_subq_pred!=NULL)
  4) jtbm semi-join (jtbm_subselect != NULL)
*/

struct LEX;
class Index_hint;
struct TABLE_LIST
{
  TABLE_LIST() {}                          /* Remove gcc warning */

  /**
    Prepare TABLE_LIST that consists of one table instance to use in
    open_and_lock_tables
  */
  inline void init_one_table(const char *db_name_arg,
                             size_t db_length_arg,
                             const char *table_name_arg,
                             size_t table_name_length_arg,
                             const char *alias_arg,
                             enum thr_lock_type lock_type_arg)
  {
    bzero((char*) this, sizeof(*this));
    db= (char*) db_name_arg;
    db_length= db_length_arg;
    table_name= (char*) table_name_arg;
    table_name_length= table_name_length_arg;
    alias= (char*) (alias_arg ? alias_arg : table_name_arg);
    lock_type= lock_type_arg;
    mdl_request.init(MDL_key::TABLE, db, table_name,
                     (lock_type >= TL_WRITE_ALLOW_WRITE) ?
                     MDL_SHARED_WRITE : MDL_SHARED_READ,
                     MDL_TRANSACTION);
  }

  inline void init_one_table_for_prelocking(const char *db_name_arg,
                             size_t db_length_arg,
                             const char *table_name_arg,
                             size_t table_name_length_arg,
                             const char *alias_arg,
                             enum thr_lock_type lock_type_arg,
                             bool routine,
                             TABLE_LIST *belong_to_view_arg,
                             uint8 trg_event_map_arg,
                             TABLE_LIST ***last_ptr)
  {
    init_one_table(db_name_arg, db_length_arg, table_name_arg,
                   table_name_length_arg, alias_arg, lock_type_arg);
    cacheable_table= 1;
    prelocking_placeholder= routine ? ROUTINE : FK;
    open_type= routine ? OT_TEMPORARY_OR_BASE : OT_BASE_ONLY;
    belong_to_view= belong_to_view_arg;
    trg_event_map= trg_event_map_arg;

    **last_ptr= this;
    prev_global= *last_ptr;
    *last_ptr= &next_global;
  }

  /*
    List of tables local to a subquery (used by SQL_I_List). Considers
    views as leaves (unlike 'next_leaf' below). Created at parse time
    in st_select_lex::add_table_to_list() -> table_list.link_in_list().
  */
  TABLE_LIST *next_local;
  /* link in a global list of all queries tables */
  TABLE_LIST *next_global, **prev_global;
  char		*db, *alias, *table_name, *schema_table_name;
  char          *option;                /* Used by cache index  */
  Item		*on_expr;		/* Used with outer join */

  Item          *sj_on_expr;
  /*
    (Valid only for semi-join nests) Bitmap of tables that are within the
    semi-join (this is different from bitmap of all nest's children because
    tables that were pulled out of the semi-join nest remain listed as
    nest's children).
  */
  table_map     sj_inner_tables;
  /* Number of IN-compared expressions */
  uint          sj_in_exprs;
  
  /* If this is a non-jtbm semi-join nest: corresponding subselect predicate */
  Item_in_subselect  *sj_subq_pred;

  table_map     original_subq_pred_used_tables;

  /* If this is a jtbm semi-join object: corresponding subselect predicate */
  Item_in_subselect  *jtbm_subselect;
  /* TODO: check if this can be joined with tablenr_exec */
  uint jtbm_table_no;

  SJ_MATERIALIZATION_INFO *sj_mat_info;

  /*
    The structure of ON expression presented in the member above
    can be changed during certain optimizations. This member
    contains a snapshot of AND-OR structure of the ON expression
    made after permanent transformations of the parse tree, and is
    used to restore ON clause before every reexecution of a prepared
    statement or stored procedure.
  */
  Item          *prep_on_expr;
  COND_EQUAL    *cond_equal;            /* Used with outer join */
  /*
    During parsing - left operand of NATURAL/USING join where 'this' is
    the right operand. After parsing (this->natural_join == this) iff
    'this' represents a NATURAL or USING join operation. Thus after
    parsing 'this' is a NATURAL/USING join iff (natural_join != NULL).
  */
  TABLE_LIST *natural_join;
  /*
    True if 'this' represents a nested join that is a NATURAL JOIN.
    For one of the operands of 'this', the member 'natural_join' points
    to the other operand of 'this'.
  */
  bool is_natural_join;
  /* Field names in a USING clause for JOIN ... USING. */
  List<String> *join_using_fields;
  /*
    Explicitly store the result columns of either a NATURAL/USING join or
    an operand of such a join.
  */
  List<Natural_join_column> *join_columns;
  /* TRUE if join_columns contains all columns of this table reference. */
  bool is_join_columns_complete;

  /*
    List of nodes in a nested join tree, that should be considered as
    leaves with respect to name resolution. The leaves are: views,
    top-most nodes representing NATURAL/USING joins, subqueries, and
    base tables. All of these TABLE_LIST instances contain a
    materialized list of columns. The list is local to a subquery.
  */
  TABLE_LIST *next_name_resolution_table;
  /* Index names in a "... JOIN ... USE/IGNORE INDEX ..." clause. */
  List<Index_hint> *index_hints;
  TABLE        *table;                          /* opened table */
  uint          table_id; /* table id (from binlog) for opened table */
  /*
    select_result for derived table to pass it from table creation to table
    filling procedure
  */
  select_unit  *derived_result;
  /* Stub used for materialized derived tables. */
  table_map	map;                    /* ID bit of table (1,2,4,8,16...) */
  table_map get_map()
  {
    return jtbm_subselect? table_map(1) << jtbm_table_no : table->map;
  }
  uint get_tablenr()
  {
    return jtbm_subselect? jtbm_table_no : table->tablenr;
  }
  void set_tablenr(uint new_tablenr)
  {
    if (jtbm_subselect)
    {
      jtbm_table_no= new_tablenr;
    }
    if (table)
    {
      table->tablenr= new_tablenr;
      table->map= table_map(1) << new_tablenr;
    }
  }
  /*
    Reference from aux_tables to local list entry of main select of
    multi-delete statement:
    delete t1 from t2,t1 where t1.a<'B' and t2.b=t1.b;
    here it will be reference of first occurrence of t1 to second (as you
    can see this lists can't be merged)
  */
  TABLE_LIST	*correspondent_table;
  /**
     @brief Normally, this field is non-null for anonymous derived tables only.

     @details This field is set to non-null for 
     
     - Anonymous derived tables, In this case it points to the SELECT_LEX_UNIT
     representing the derived table. E.g. for a query
     
     @verbatim SELECT * FROM (SELECT a FROM t1) b @endverbatim
     
     For the @c TABLE_LIST representing the derived table @c b, @c derived
     points to the SELECT_LEX_UNIT representing the result of the query within
     parenteses.
     
     - Views. This is set for views with @verbatim ALGORITHM = TEMPTABLE
     @endverbatim by mysql_make_view().
     
     @note Inside views, a subquery in the @c FROM clause is not allowed.
     @note Do not use this field to separate views/base tables/anonymous
     derived tables. Use TABLE_LIST::is_anonymous_derived_table().
  */
  st_select_lex_unit *derived;		/* SELECT_LEX_UNIT of derived table */
  With_element *with;          /* With element defining this table (if any) */
  /* Bitmap of the defining with element */
  table_map with_internal_reference_map; 
  bool block_handle_derived;
  ST_SCHEMA_TABLE *schema_table;        /* Information_schema table */
  st_select_lex	*schema_select_lex;
  /*
    True when the view field translation table is used to convert
    schema table fields for backwards compatibility with SHOW command.
  */
  bool schema_table_reformed;
  TMP_TABLE_PARAM *schema_table_param;
  /* link to select_lex where this table was used */
  st_select_lex	*select_lex;
  LEX *view;                    /* link on VIEW lex for merging */
  Field_translator *field_translation;	/* array of VIEW fields */
  /* pointer to element after last one in translation table above */
  Field_translator *field_translation_end;
  bool field_translation_updated;
  /*
    List (based on next_local) of underlying tables of this view. I.e. it
    does not include the tables of subqueries used in the view. Is set only
    for merged views.
  */
  TABLE_LIST	*merge_underlying_list;
  /*
    - 0 for base tables
    - in case of the view it is the list of all (not only underlying
    tables but also used in subquery ones) tables of the view.
  */
  List<TABLE_LIST> *view_tables;
  /* most upper view this table belongs to */
  TABLE_LIST	*belong_to_view;
  /* A derived table this table belongs to */
  TABLE_LIST    *belong_to_derived;
  /*
    The view directly referencing this table
    (non-zero only for merged underlying tables of a view).
  */
  TABLE_LIST	*referencing_view;

  table_map view_used_tables;
  table_map     map_exec;
  /* TODO: check if this can be joined with jtbm_table_no */
  uint          tablenr_exec;
  uint          maybe_null_exec;

  /* Ptr to parent MERGE table list item. See top comment in ha_myisammrg.cc */
  TABLE_LIST    *parent_l;
  /*
    Security  context (non-zero only for tables which belong
    to view with SQL SECURITY DEFINER)
  */
  Security_context *security_ctx;
  /*
    This view security context (non-zero only for views with
    SQL SECURITY DEFINER)
  */
  Security_context *view_sctx;
  bool allowed_show;
  Item          *where;                 /* VIEW WHERE clause condition */
  Item          *check_option;          /* WITH CHECK OPTION condition */
  LEX_STRING	select_stmt;		/* text of (CREATE/SELECT) statement */
  LEX_STRING	md5;			/* md5 of query text */
  LEX_STRING	source;			/* source of CREATE VIEW */
  LEX_STRING	view_db;		/* saved view database */
  LEX_STRING	view_name;		/* saved view name */
  LEX_STRING	timestamp;		/* GMT time stamp of last operation */
  st_lex_user   definer;                /* definer of view */
  ulonglong	file_version;		/* version of file's field set */
  ulonglong	mariadb_version;	/* version of server on creation */
  ulonglong     updatable_view;         /* VIEW can be updated */
  /** 
      @brief The declared algorithm, if this is a view.
      @details One of
      - VIEW_ALGORITHM_UNDEFINED
      - VIEW_ALGORITHM_TMPTABLE
      - VIEW_ALGORITHM_MERGE
      @to do Replace with an enum 
  */
  ulonglong	algorithm;
  ulonglong     view_suid;              /* view is suid (TRUE dy default) */
  ulonglong     with_check;             /* WITH CHECK OPTION */
  /*
    effective value of WITH CHECK OPTION (differ for temporary table
    algorithm)
  */
  uint8         effective_with_check;
  /** 
      @brief The view algorithm that is actually used, if this is a view.
      @details One of
      - VIEW_ALGORITHM_UNDEFINED
      - VIEW_ALGORITHM_TMPTABLE
      - VIEW_ALGORITHM_MERGE
      @to do Replace with an enum 
  */
  uint8         derived_type;
  GRANT_INFO	grant;
  /* data need by some engines in query cache*/
  ulonglong     engine_data;
  /* call back function for asking handler about caching in query cache */
  qc_engine_callback callback_func;
  thr_lock_type lock_type;
  uint		outer_join;		/* Which join type */
  uint		shared;			/* Used in multi-upd */
  size_t        db_length;
  size_t        table_name_length;
  bool          updatable;		/* VIEW/TABLE can be updated now */
  bool		straight;		/* optimize with prev table */
  bool          updating;               /* for replicate-do/ignore table */
  bool		force_index;		/* prefer index over table scan */
  bool          ignore_leaves;          /* preload only non-leaf nodes */
  bool          crashed;                 /* Table was found crashed */
  table_map     dep_tables;             /* tables the table depends on      */
  table_map     on_expr_dep_tables;     /* tables on expression depends on  */
  struct st_nested_join *nested_join;   /* if the element is a nested join  */
  TABLE_LIST *embedding;             /* nested join containing the table */
  List<TABLE_LIST> *join_list;/* join list the table belongs to   */
  bool          lifted;               /* set to true when the table is moved to
                                         the upper level at the parsing stage */
  bool		cacheable_table;	/* stop PS caching */
  /* used in multi-upd/views privilege check */
  bool		table_in_first_from_clause;
  /**
     Specifies which kind of table should be open for this element
     of table list.
  */
  enum enum_open_type open_type;
  /* TRUE if this merged view contain auto_increment field */
  bool          contain_auto_increment;
  bool          compact_view_format;    /* Use compact format for SHOW CREATE VIEW */
  /* view where processed */
  bool          where_processed;
  /* TRUE <=> VIEW CHECK OPTION expression has been processed */
  bool          check_option_processed;
  /* FRMTYPE_ERROR if any type is acceptable */
  enum frm_type_enum required_type;
  handlerton	*db_type;		/* table_type for handler */
  char		timestamp_buffer[20];	/* buffer for timestamp (19+1) */
  /*
    This TABLE_LIST object is just placeholder for prelocking, it will be
    used for implicit LOCK TABLES only and won't be used in real statement.
  */
  enum { USER, ROUTINE, FK } prelocking_placeholder;
  /**
     Indicates that if TABLE_LIST object corresponds to the table/view
     which requires special handling.
  */
  enum enum_open_strategy
  {
    /* Normal open. */
    OPEN_NORMAL= 0,
    /* Associate a table share only if the the table exists. */
    OPEN_IF_EXISTS,
    /* Don't associate a table share. */
    OPEN_STUB
  } open_strategy;
  /* For transactional locking. */
  int           lock_timeout;           /* NOWAIT or WAIT [X]               */
  bool          lock_transactional;     /* If transactional lock requested. */
  /** TRUE if an alias for this table was specified in the SQL. */
  bool          is_alias;
  /** TRUE if the table is referred to in the statement using a fully
      qualified name (<db_name>.<table_name>).
  */
  bool          is_fqtn;

  /* TRUE <=> derived table should be filled right after optimization. */
  bool          fill_me;
  /* TRUE <=> view/DT is merged. */
  /* TODO: replace with derived_type */
  bool          merged;
  bool          merged_for_insert;
  /* TRUE <=> don't prepare this derived table/view as it should be merged.*/
  bool          skip_prepare_derived;

  /*
    Items created by create_view_field and collected to change them in case
    of materialization of the view/derived table
  */
  List<Item>    used_items;
  /* Sublist (tail) of persistent used_items */
  List<Item>    persistent_used_items;
  Item          **materialized_items;

  /* View creation context. */

  View_creation_ctx *view_creation_ctx;

  /*
    Attributes to save/load view creation context in/from frm-file.

    Ther are required only to be able to use existing parser to load
    view-definition file. As soon as the parser parsed the file, view
    creation context is initialized and the attributes become redundant.

    These attributes MUST NOT be used for any purposes but the parsing.
  */

  LEX_STRING view_client_cs_name;
  LEX_STRING view_connection_cl_name;

  /*
    View definition (SELECT-statement) in the UTF-form.
  */

  LEX_STRING view_body_utf8;

   /* End of view definition context. */

  /**
    Indicates what triggers we need to pre-load for this TABLE_LIST
    when opening an associated TABLE. This is filled after
    the parsed tree is created.
  */
  uint8 trg_event_map;
  /* TRUE <=> this table is a const one and was optimized away. */
  bool optimized_away;

  /**
    TRUE <=> already materialized. Valid only for materialized derived
    tables/views.
  */
  bool materialized;
  /* I_S: Flags to open_table (e.g. OPEN_TABLE_ONLY or OPEN_VIEW_ONLY) */
  uint i_s_requested_object;

  /*
    I_S: how to read the tables (SKIP_OPEN_TABLE/OPEN_FRM_ONLY/OPEN_FULL_TABLE)
  */
  uint table_open_method;
  /*
    I_S: where the schema table was filled
    (this is a hack. The code should be able to figure out whether reading
    from I_S should be done by create_sort_index() or by JOIN::exec.)
  */
  enum enum_schema_table_state schema_table_state;

  /* Something like a "query plan" for reading INFORMATION_SCHEMA table */
  IS_table_read_plan *is_table_read_plan;

  MDL_request mdl_request;

#ifdef WITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE
  /* List to carry partition names from PARTITION (...) clause in statement */
  List<String> *partition_names;
#endif /* WITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE */

  void calc_md5(char *buffer);
  int view_check_option(THD *thd, bool ignore_failure);
  bool create_field_translation(THD *thd);
  bool setup_underlying(THD *thd);
  void cleanup_items();
  bool placeholder()
  {
    return derived || view || schema_table || !table;
  }
  void print(THD *thd, table_map eliminated_tables, String *str, 
             enum_query_type query_type);
  bool check_single_table(TABLE_LIST **table, table_map map,
                          TABLE_LIST *view);
  bool set_insert_values(MEM_ROOT *mem_root);
  void hide_view_error(THD *thd);
  TABLE_LIST *find_underlying_table(TABLE *table);
  TABLE_LIST *first_leaf_for_name_resolution();
  TABLE_LIST *last_leaf_for_name_resolution();
  /**
     @brief
       Find the bottom in the chain of embedded table VIEWs.

     @detail
       This is used for single-table UPDATE/DELETE when they are modifying a
       single-table VIEW.
  */
  TABLE_LIST *find_table_for_update()
  {
    TABLE_LIST *tbl= this;
    while(!tbl->is_multitable() && tbl->single_table_updatable() &&
        tbl->merge_underlying_list)
    {
      tbl= tbl->merge_underlying_list;
    }
    return tbl;
  }
  TABLE *get_real_join_table();
  bool is_leaf_for_name_resolution();
  inline TABLE_LIST *top_table()
    { return belong_to_view ? belong_to_view : this; }
  inline bool prepare_check_option(THD *thd)
  {
    bool res= FALSE;
    if (effective_with_check)
      res= prep_check_option(thd, effective_with_check);
    return res;
  }
  inline bool prepare_where(THD *thd, Item **conds,
                            bool no_where_clause)
  {
    if (!view || is_merged_derived())
      return prep_where(thd, conds, no_where_clause);
    return FALSE;
  }

  void register_want_access(ulong want_access);
  bool prepare_security(THD *thd);
#ifndef NO_EMBEDDED_ACCESS_CHECKS
  Security_context *find_view_security_context(THD *thd);
  bool prepare_view_security_context(THD *thd);
#endif
  /*
    Cleanup for re-execution in a prepared statement or a stored
    procedure.
  */
  void reinit_before_use(THD *thd);
  Item_subselect *containing_subselect();

  /* 
    Compiles the tagged hints list and fills up TABLE::keys_in_use_for_query,
    TABLE::keys_in_use_for_group_by, TABLE::keys_in_use_for_order_by,
    TABLE::force_index and TABLE::covering_keys.
  */
  bool process_index_hints(TABLE *table);

  /**
    Compare the version of metadata from the previous execution
    (if any) with values obtained from the current table
    definition cache element.

    @sa check_and_update_table_version()
  */
  inline
  bool is_table_ref_id_equal(TABLE_SHARE *s) const
  {
    return (m_table_ref_type == s->get_table_ref_type() &&
            m_table_ref_version == s->get_table_ref_version());
  }

  /**
    Record the value of metadata version of the corresponding
    table definition cache element in this parse tree node.

    @sa check_and_update_table_version()
  */
  inline
  void set_table_ref_id(TABLE_SHARE *s)
  { set_table_ref_id(s->get_table_ref_type(), s->get_table_ref_version()); }

  inline
  void set_table_ref_id(enum_table_ref_type table_ref_type_arg,
                        ulong table_ref_version_arg)
  {
    m_table_ref_type= table_ref_type_arg;
    m_table_ref_version= table_ref_version_arg;
  }

  /* Set of functions returning/setting state of a derived table/view. */
  inline bool is_non_derived()
  {
    return (!derived_type);
  }
  inline bool is_view_or_derived()
  {
    return (derived_type);
  }
  inline bool is_view()
  {
    return (derived_type & DTYPE_VIEW);
  }
  inline bool is_derived()
  {
    return (derived_type & DTYPE_TABLE);
  }
  bool is_with_table();
  bool is_recursive_with_table();
  bool is_with_table_recursive_reference();
  bool fill_recursive(THD *thd);

  inline void set_view()
  {
    derived_type= DTYPE_VIEW;
  }
  inline void set_derived()
  {
    derived_type= DTYPE_TABLE;
  }
  inline bool is_merged_derived()
  {
    return (derived_type & DTYPE_MERGE);
  }
  inline void set_merged_derived()
  {
    DBUG_ENTER("set_merged_derived");
    derived_type= ((derived_type & DTYPE_MASK) |
                   DTYPE_TABLE | DTYPE_MERGE);
    set_check_merged();
    DBUG_VOID_RETURN;
  }
  inline bool is_materialized_derived()
  {
    return (derived_type & DTYPE_MATERIALIZE);
  }
  void set_materialized_derived()
  {
    DBUG_ENTER("set_materialized_derived");
    derived_type= ((derived_type & (derived ? DTYPE_MASK : DTYPE_VIEW)) |
                   DTYPE_TABLE | DTYPE_MATERIALIZE);
    set_check_materialized();
    DBUG_VOID_RETURN;
  }
  inline bool is_multitable()
  {
    return (derived_type & DTYPE_MULTITABLE);
  }
  inline void set_multitable()
  {
    derived_type|= DTYPE_MULTITABLE;
  }
  bool set_as_with_table(THD *thd, With_element *with_elem);
  void reset_const_table();
  bool handle_derived(LEX *lex, uint phases);

  /**
     @brief True if this TABLE_LIST represents an anonymous derived table,
     i.e.  the result of a subquery.
  */
  bool is_anonymous_derived_table() const { return derived && !view; }

  /**
     @brief Returns the name of the database that the referenced table belongs
     to.
  */
  char *get_db_name() const { return view != NULL ? view_db.str : db; }

  /**
     @brief Returns the name of the table that this TABLE_LIST represents.

     @details The unqualified table name or view name for a table or view,
     respectively.
   */
  char *get_table_name() const { return view != NULL ? view_name.str : table_name; }
  bool is_active_sjm();
  bool is_jtbm() { return MY_TEST(jtbm_subselect != NULL); }
  st_select_lex_unit *get_unit();
  st_select_lex *get_single_select();
  void wrap_into_nested_join(List<TABLE_LIST> &join_list);
  bool init_derived(THD *thd, bool init_view);
  int fetch_number_of_rows();
  bool change_refs_to_fields();

  bool single_table_updatable();

  bool is_inner_table_of_outer_join()
  {
    for (TABLE_LIST *tbl= this; tbl; tbl= tbl->embedding)
    {
      if (tbl->outer_join)
        return true;
    }
    return false;
  } 
  void set_lock_type(THD* thd, enum thr_lock_type lock);
  void check_pushable_cond_for_table(Item *cond);
  Item *build_pushable_cond_for_table(THD *thd, Item *cond); 

private:
  bool prep_check_option(THD *thd, uint8 check_opt_type);
  bool prep_where(THD *thd, Item **conds, bool no_where_clause);
  void set_check_materialized();
#ifndef DBUG_OFF
  void set_check_merged();
#else
  inline void set_check_merged() {}
#endif
  /** See comments for set_table_ref_id() */
  enum enum_table_ref_type m_table_ref_type;
  /** See comments for set_table_ref_id() */
  ulong m_table_ref_version;
};

class Item;

/*
  Iterator over the fields of a generic table reference.
*/

class Field_iterator: public Sql_alloc
{
public:
  Field_iterator() {}                         /* Remove gcc warning */
  virtual ~Field_iterator() {}
  virtual void set(TABLE_LIST *)= 0;
  virtual void next()= 0;
  virtual bool end_of_fields()= 0;              /* Return 1 at end of list */
  virtual const char *name()= 0;
  virtual Item *create_item(THD *)= 0;
  virtual Field *field()= 0;
};


/* 
  Iterator over the fields of a base table, view with temporary
  table, or subquery.
*/

class Field_iterator_table: public Field_iterator
{
  Field **ptr;
public:
  Field_iterator_table() :ptr(0) {}
  void set(TABLE_LIST *table) { ptr= table->table->field; }
  void set_table(TABLE *table) { ptr= table->field; }
  void next() { ptr++; }
  bool end_of_fields() { return *ptr == 0; }
  const char *name();
  Item *create_item(THD *thd);
  Field *field() { return *ptr; }
};


/* Iterator over the fields of a merge view. */

class Field_iterator_view: public Field_iterator
{
  Field_translator *ptr, *array_end;
  TABLE_LIST *view;
public:
  Field_iterator_view() :ptr(0), array_end(0) {}
  void set(TABLE_LIST *table);
  void next() { ptr++; }
  bool end_of_fields() { return ptr == array_end; }
  const char *name();
  Item *create_item(THD *thd);
  Item **item_ptr() {return &ptr->item; }
  Field *field() { return 0; }
  inline Item *item() { return ptr->item; }
  Field_translator *field_translator() { return ptr; }
};


/*
  Field_iterator interface to the list of materialized fields of a
  NATURAL/USING join.
*/

class Field_iterator_natural_join: public Field_iterator
{
  List_iterator_fast<Natural_join_column> column_ref_it;
  Natural_join_column *cur_column_ref;
public:
  Field_iterator_natural_join() :cur_column_ref(NULL) {}
  ~Field_iterator_natural_join() {}
  void set(TABLE_LIST *table);
  void next();
  bool end_of_fields() { return !cur_column_ref; }
  const char *name() { return cur_column_ref->name(); }
  Item *create_item(THD *thd) { return cur_column_ref->create_item(thd); }
  Field *field() { return cur_column_ref->field(); }
  Natural_join_column *column_ref() { return cur_column_ref; }
};


/*
  Generic iterator over the fields of an arbitrary table reference.

  DESCRIPTION
    This class unifies the various ways of iterating over the columns
    of a table reference depending on the type of SQL entity it
    represents. If such an entity represents a nested table reference,
    this iterator encapsulates the iteration over the columns of the
    members of the table reference.

  IMPLEMENTATION
    The implementation assumes that all underlying NATURAL/USING table
    references already contain their result columns and are linked into
    the list TABLE_LIST::next_name_resolution_table.
*/

class Field_iterator_table_ref: public Field_iterator
{
  TABLE_LIST *table_ref, *first_leaf, *last_leaf;
  Field_iterator_table        table_field_it;
  Field_iterator_view         view_field_it;
  Field_iterator_natural_join natural_join_it;
  Field_iterator *field_it;
  void set_field_iterator();
public:
  Field_iterator_table_ref() :field_it(NULL) {}
  void set(TABLE_LIST *table);
  void next();
  bool end_of_fields()
  { return (table_ref == last_leaf && field_it->end_of_fields()); }
  const char *name() { return field_it->name(); }
  const char *get_table_name();
  const char *get_db_name();
  GRANT_INFO *grant();
  Item *create_item(THD *thd) { return field_it->create_item(thd); }
  Field *field() { return field_it->field(); }
  Natural_join_column *get_or_create_column_ref(THD *thd, TABLE_LIST *parent_table_ref);
  Natural_join_column *get_natural_column_ref();
};


typedef struct st_nested_join
{
  List<TABLE_LIST>  join_list;       /* list of elements in the nested join */
  /* 
    Bitmap of tables within this nested join (including those embedded within
    its children), including tables removed by table elimination.
  */
  table_map         used_tables;
  table_map         not_null_tables; /* tables that rejects nulls           */
  /**
    Used for pointing out the first table in the plan being covered by this
    join nest. It is used exclusively within make_outerjoin_info().
   */
  struct st_join_table *first_nested;
  /* 
    Used to count tables in the nested join in 2 isolated places:
    1. In make_outerjoin_info(). 
    2. check_interleaving_with_nj/restore_prev_nj_state (these are called
       by the join optimizer. 
    Before each use the counters are zeroed by reset_nj_counters.
  */
  uint              counter;
  /*
    Number of elements in join_list that were not (or contain table(s) that 
    weren't) removed by table elimination.
  */
  uint              n_tables;
  nested_join_map   nj_map;          /* Bit used to identify this nested join*/
  /*
    (Valid only for semi-join nests) Bitmap of tables outside the semi-join
    that are used within the semi-join's ON condition.
  */
  table_map         sj_depends_on;
  /* Outer non-trivially correlated tables */
  table_map         sj_corr_tables;
  List<Item>        sj_outer_expr_list;
  /**
     True if this join nest node is completely covered by the query execution
     plan. This means two things.

     1. All tables on its @c join_list are covered by the plan.

     2. All child join nest nodes are fully covered.
   */
  bool is_fully_covered() const { return n_tables == counter; }
} NESTED_JOIN;


typedef struct st_changed_table_list
{
  struct	st_changed_table_list *next;
  char		*key;
  uint32        key_length;
} CHANGED_TABLE_LIST;


typedef struct st_open_table_list{
  struct st_open_table_list *next;
  char	*db,*table;
  uint32 in_use,locked;
} OPEN_TABLE_LIST;


static inline my_bitmap_map *tmp_use_all_columns(TABLE *table,
                                                 MY_BITMAP *bitmap)
{
  my_bitmap_map *old= bitmap->bitmap;
  bitmap->bitmap= table->s->all_set.bitmap;
  return old;
}


static inline void tmp_restore_column_map(MY_BITMAP *bitmap,
                                          my_bitmap_map *old)
{
  bitmap->bitmap= old;
}

/* The following is only needed for debugging */

static inline my_bitmap_map *dbug_tmp_use_all_columns(TABLE *table,
                                                      MY_BITMAP *bitmap)
{
#ifndef DBUG_OFF
  return tmp_use_all_columns(table, bitmap);
#else
  return 0;
#endif
}

static inline void dbug_tmp_restore_column_map(MY_BITMAP *bitmap,
                                               my_bitmap_map *old)
{
#ifndef DBUG_OFF
  tmp_restore_column_map(bitmap, old);
#endif
}


/* 
  Variant of the above : handle both read and write sets.
  Provide for the possiblity of the read set being the same as the write set
*/
static inline void dbug_tmp_use_all_columns(TABLE *table,
                                            my_bitmap_map **save,
                                            MY_BITMAP *read_set,
                                            MY_BITMAP *write_set)
{
#ifndef DBUG_OFF
  save[0]= read_set->bitmap;
  save[1]= write_set->bitmap;
  (void) tmp_use_all_columns(table, read_set);
  (void) tmp_use_all_columns(table, write_set);
#endif
}


static inline void dbug_tmp_restore_column_maps(MY_BITMAP *read_set,
                                                MY_BITMAP *write_set,
                                                my_bitmap_map **old)
{
#ifndef DBUG_OFF
  tmp_restore_column_map(read_set, old[0]);
  tmp_restore_column_map(write_set, old[1]);
#endif
}

bool ok_for_lower_case_names(const char *names);

enum get_table_share_flags {
  GTS_TABLE                = 1,
  GTS_VIEW                 = 2,
  GTS_NOLOCK               = 4,
  GTS_USE_DISCOVERY        = 8,
  GTS_FORCE_DISCOVERY      = 16
};

size_t max_row_length(TABLE *table, const uchar *data);

void init_mdl_requests(TABLE_LIST *table_list);

enum open_frm_error open_table_from_share(THD *thd, TABLE_SHARE *share,
                       const char *alias, uint db_stat, uint prgflag,
                       uint ha_open_flags, TABLE *outparam,
                       bool is_create_table);
bool fix_session_vcol_expr(THD *thd, Virtual_column_info *vcol);
bool fix_session_vcol_expr_for_read(THD *thd, Field *field,
                                    Virtual_column_info *vcol);
bool parse_vcol_defs(THD *thd, MEM_ROOT *mem_root, TABLE *table,
                     bool *error_reported);
TABLE_SHARE *alloc_table_share(const char *db, const char *table_name,
                               const char *key, uint key_length);
void init_tmp_table_share(THD *thd, TABLE_SHARE *share, const char *key,
                          uint key_length,
                          const char *table_name, const char *path);
void free_table_share(TABLE_SHARE *share);
enum open_frm_error open_table_def(THD *thd, TABLE_SHARE *share,
                                   uint flags = GTS_TABLE);

void open_table_error(TABLE_SHARE *share, enum open_frm_error error,
                      int db_errno);
void update_create_info_from_table(HA_CREATE_INFO *info, TABLE *form);
bool check_and_convert_db_name(LEX_STRING *db, bool preserve_lettercase);
bool check_db_name(LEX_STRING *db);
bool check_column_name(const char *name);
bool check_table_name(const char *name, size_t length, bool check_for_path_chars);
int rename_file_ext(const char * from,const char * to,const char * ext);
char *get_field(MEM_ROOT *mem, Field *field);
bool get_field(MEM_ROOT *mem, Field *field, class String *res);

bool validate_comment_length(THD *thd, LEX_STRING *comment, size_t max_len,
                             uint err_code, const char *name);

int closefrm(TABLE *table);
void free_blobs(TABLE *table);
void free_field_buffers_larger_than(TABLE *table, uint32 size);
ulong get_form_pos(File file, uchar *head, TYPELIB *save_names);
void append_unescaped(String *res, const char *pos, uint length);
void prepare_frm_header(THD *thd, uint reclength, uchar *fileinfo,
                        HA_CREATE_INFO *create_info, uint keys, KEY *key_info);
char *fn_rext(char *name);

/* Check that the integer is in the internal */
static inline int set_zone(int nr,int min_zone,int max_zone)
{
  if (nr <= min_zone)
    return min_zone;
  if (nr >= max_zone)
    return max_zone;
  return nr;
}

/* performance schema */
extern LEX_STRING PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA_DB_NAME;

extern LEX_STRING GENERAL_LOG_NAME;
extern LEX_STRING SLOW_LOG_NAME;

/* information schema */
extern LEX_STRING INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME;
extern LEX_STRING MYSQL_SCHEMA_NAME;

inline bool is_infoschema_db(const char *name, size_t len)
{
  return (INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME.length == len &&
          !my_strcasecmp(system_charset_info,
                         INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME.str, name));
}

inline bool is_infoschema_db(const char *name)
{
  return !my_strcasecmp(system_charset_info,
                        INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME.str, name);
}


inline void mark_as_null_row(TABLE *table)
{
  table->null_row=1;
  table->status|=STATUS_NULL_ROW;
  bfill(table->null_flags,table->s->null_bytes,255);
}

bool is_simple_order(ORDER *order);

#endif /* MYSQL_CLIENT */

#endif /* TABLE_INCLUDED */